Evaluating Posters for Promoting Healthy Eating in Learning Disability Units

The provided document is an academic assignment that focuses on the topic of promoting healthy behaviors and addressing obesity in individuals with learning disabilities. It draws from a range of sources, including research papers, articles, and official publications, such as 'Health Matters: Obesity and the Food Environment' by Public Health England and 'Using Information to Promote Healthy Behaviours' by Ruth Robertson from The King's Fund. The document also references posters and presentations related to obesity and healthy eating, highlighting the importance of visual mediums in promoting knowledge transfer. It concludes with a discussion on individualistic approaches to addressing obesity and the need for collective responsibility, as highlighted in 'Framing Obesity in UK Policy' by S.J. Ulijaszek and A.K. McLennan. The assignment aims to promote healthy behaviors and address obesity in people with learning disabilities.

IMAGINATION & INNOVATION IN EVIDENCE
BASED NURSING CARE – LEVEL 6.
PROJECT PROPOSAL & MANAGEMENT PLAN.
Name/Student Number:
Field of Nursing: Learning disability

Page(s). Contents.
Introduction. (Suggested - 150 words)
Project Proposal Briefing Paper (500 words)
Literature Review (Suggested -2,500 words)
Project Management Plan (Suggested -1,700 words)
Conclusion. (Suggested -150 words)
References.
Appendices.
Introduction.
The aim of this essay is to support how to manage obesity in people with learning
disability through nutrition in inpatient unit using a poster. It will highlight by
raising awareness of a healthy diet through posters. It contains different
information of weight loss, exercises, healthy living, easy read and sign
language. The rationale of the proposal will be explored by using different
literature, statistics and evidence-based experiences. The management plan will
be discussed, using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats

(SWOT) analysis table. Plan Do Study Act will be also discussed in this project.
Along with it, in order to write the project plan PSDA model is going to be used.
Lastly, the conclusion will summarise the literature review and project
management plan. Obesity and overweight are conditions in which weight gain
has reached the point where it poses significant risks to health (Carsley, 2018). It
is also more than a lifestyle disorder and considered as a disease and a risk
factor such as type two diabetes (Gadde et al, 2018).
Project Proposal Briefing Paper (500 words)
Field of Nursing
(Adult, Child, Learning Disability or
Mental Health).
Learning Disability
Proposed Project/Innovation.
Contextualize the choice & clearly define
the focus of the project proposal that has
been generated and informed from your
area of practice?
(For example, what is the proposed
project and where are you proposing the
project could be implemented)?
Include supporting literature/evidence in
this section.
(Suggested 200 words).
Managing obesity in people with learning disability through nutrition
poster in inpatient unit. Obesity is defined by World Health
Organisation (2019) as abnormal or excessive fat build-up that
presents a risk to health. To measure someone who is obese or
overweight is the body mass index (BMI) an individual's weight
divided by square of her or his height in metres (WHO,2019). An
individual with a BMI of more than 30 is generally considered obese.
An individual with BMI equal to or more than 25 is considered as
overweight (World Health Organisation,2019).
Individual who are inpatient might become obese because of their
prescribed medication including psychotropic, high calorie food
provision, restricted physical activity and inactive lifestyles. Also,

people which have learning disabilities are also seen as inpatient.
Individuals with learning disability appear to be at high risk of Obese
or overweight, and there are more possible reasons for this. Some
people with learning disabilities are sometimes not able to access the
public health messages because of difficulties in understanding
product labelling and health campaigns, (Mackay, 2017) as well as
reduced capacity to understand the implications of a certain
behaviours (Russell et al 2018). To introduce health eating within
inpatient unit by developing effective nutritional awareness poster.
Project Aim/Objectives.
The project aim should be clear and
precise and inform the marker about the
main intention of the project.
The objectives should be more specific
and provide the marker with an insight
into what your project sets out to achieve.
Try to ensure the objectives are, Specific,
Manageable, Achievable, Realistic and
Time scaled (SMART Objectives).
(Suggested 50 words).
The aim of the innovation is to introduce health eating within inpatient
unit by developing effective nutritional awareness poster.
Objective
- To raise awareness of a healthy diet through the poster within
an inpatient unit within 5 months
- To improve exercise routine among 5 % people suffering from
obesity
- To promote Healthy living habits with the help of poster
presentation
- The easy read
- To evaluate the outcome of the implementation poster plans
after six months

Rationale.
Create a sound and coherent argument
for an appropriately selected work-based
project.
The rationale should provide an
explanation as to why you have chosen
to focus your project on a particular area
of practice within your own field of
nursing. For example, what has caused
you to identify this area of practice? The
rationale provides the opportunity to put
your argument forward to support the
proposed project.
Include supporting literature/evidence in
this section.
(Suggested 200 words).
The research evidence showcases that people with learning disability
holds the increasing risk of being obese or overweight (Atkinson, et al
2013). The chosen practice of area is inpatient unit for women who
are having personality disorders, the ones which are not practicing
healthy eating and exercises (Booth, 2014). Obesity and overweight
are caused by many issues which includes the combination of
metabolic, genetic, environmental, behavioural cultural and socio-
economic influences. Environmental factors and behavioural are the
large contributors of overweight and obesity. Various interventions
are designed in order to provide effective healthcare services to
people (Chapman et al, 2008).
Public Health England (2017) highlight that the lack of adequate
knowledge about healthy eating leads to insufficient and improper
care for people with learning disabilities. It is important to make a
healthy eating poster as guideline for the people with learning
disabilities which are living in the ward. Public Health England, (2017)
stated that there are barriers when supporting people with learning
disabilities, it might be difficult to balance the issues of choice and the
duty of care around exercise and diet. An individual can have a right
to make whatever decision. However, people need the right
information and be supported to understand the consequences and
the risks of their choices (Dare, 2017). It is important for care staff to
understand the principles of informed choices.

Potential / Intended Outcome.
How will your project proposal/innovation
meet the NHS Outcomes Framework?
Include supporting literature/evidence in
this section.
(Suggested 50 words).
Davies and Bhatia (2015) stated that obesity cost the NHS billions
between 2006 and 2007 including the medication of obesity. The use of
bariatric surgery and equipment’s to accommodate bigger people. To
improve this, healthy eating and quality care by nurses is required to
provide support to people with learning disabilities.
Domain 2 Enhancing quality of life for people with long term conditions
Domain 4 Ensuring that people have positive experience of care
Domain5 Treating and caring for people in a safe environment; and
protecting them from avoidable harm
Reference List.
(Key literature / evidence cited within the
Project Proposal Briefing paper only).
Please note: The accompanying
reference list is not included in the word
count for the Project Proposal Briefing
paper.
Atkinson D., Boulter P., Hebron C., Moulster G., Giraud-Saunders A.,
Turner S (2013) The Health Equalities Framework and
Commissioning Guide, Retrieved from
www.ndti.org.uk/resources/useful-tools/the-health- equality-
framework-and-commissioning-guide1.
Chapman, M.J., Craven, M. J. & Chadwick, D. D. (2008) Following up
fighting fit: The long-term impact of health practitioner input on obesity
and BMI amongst adults with intellectual disabilities. Journal of
Intellectual
Disabilities,12(4),309-323.https://doi:org10:1177/1744629508100557
Davies, A. & Bhatia, T. (2015) ‘Can the NHS help tackle the UK’s
obesity epidemic?’. Nuffield Trust comment, 20 March 2015.
Retrieved from https://www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/news-item/can-the-
nhs-help-tackle-the-uk-s-obesity-epidemic
Gadde, K. M., Martin, C. K., Berthoud, H., & Heymsfield, S. B.
(2018). obesity. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 71(1),
69-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.011
Public Health England 2017). Supporting people with learning
disabilities to have a healthy diet and be active. Retrieved from
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/

uploads/attachment_data/file/656264/
Social_care_staff_supporting_diet_and_exercise_in_learning_disabili
ties.pdf
Russell, R. and et.al., 2018. The prevalence of overweight and
obesity levels among forensic inpatients with learning disability.
British Journal of Learning Disabilities. 46(2). 101-108.
World Health Organisation. (2019). Obesity. WHO.Retrieved
February 20, 2019. DOI: <https://www.who.int/topics/obesity/en/>

Literature Review
Moradi et al. (2016) stated that Obesity is an issue which is causing morbidity
and mortality and is associated with high medical expenses for the people.
People are lacking healthy eating habits and are not involved in regular physical
exercises, for this these are factors that are common reasons associated with
obesity in people with disabilities. It also includes lack of healthy food choices,
difficulty with chewing and swallowing food, or taste of food, medication is also
contributing to this, by gaining weight and changes in appetite, pain, lack of
energy and physical limitation (NICE, 2006). Overweight or obesity can result in
significant societal and personal costs. It has been seen that the relationship
between disability, obesity and health care expenses is strengthening. It can also
reduce opportunities in certain types of community participation activities such as
employment and leisure among people with learning disabilities.
Public Health England (2016) highlighted that obese people are at greater
risk of getting disease such as high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes,
strokes, mobility difficulties and several types of cancer. As per the views of
Mizock (2017) many years ago has been established that people with learning
disabilities are at risk of being obese or overweight compared to the general
population, by eating poorly balanced diet and very little of physical activity. It can
increase the likelihood of a range of health and social problems (Public Health
England,2017). Royal College of Nursing, (2015) explored that levels of obesity
are higher in people with learning disabilities are noticeable in those people with
learning disabilities, especially in women. Obesity can increase the likelihood of
stroke, heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Also, people tend to become obese
because of lack of activities and lack balanced diet and less likely to take regular
physical exercises.
According to Haw and Rowell (2011) survey inpatients in a secure mental health
service, the findings that, over 33per cent of men were overweight and 47.2
percent are obese and among women 20 percent were overweight and 63.3,

percent obese, considerably higher than the general population. Many patients
who are receiving treatment in a secure unit appear to experience additional
difficulties in maintaining their healthy weight (Johnson et al. 2018). It is because
they are spending their most of the time on bed and are not involved in any
physical exercise. However, Long et al. (2009) investigated that the nutrition of
women in a secure inpatient setting, reporting that the meals of patients that they
are eating are full of carbohydrates and fat of which that this will make the
patients gain weight. However, today across the world take-away’s are also
reportedly consumed more than twice a week. There are also several barriers to
physical activity, including opportunities being limited by staffing levels, issues of
risks mental physical health or low motivation (Haw and Rowell, 2011).
Therefore, staff must encourage patients to eat healthy, however you
cannot force them because they have capacity to make decisions. The nurse and
the support workers must support patients, to have more activities such as
walking, so that there will be less watching television and playing games
(Lobstein, 2017). Interventions must adapt to each individuals’ preferences and
circumstances and should aim to improve people`s beliefs in their ability to
change (Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Policy Unit, 2016).
Research Johnson et al. (2018) indicates that overweight or obese are higher in
people with mental illness than the general population. Therefore, it can be
triggered by antidepressant and antipsychotic medications, as side effects lack of
physical exercise and diet. Another reason why patients who are in inpatient unit
gain weight is because they tend to order takeaways. Takeaways provide easy
facility to the people from which they tend to eat more. It increases the risk of
obesity and other related diseases.
In accordance with NHS (2011) it has been outlined that there has been a
problem which is leading worse health conditions, for example being on diet
leads to mood disorders that is mood swings which can lead to failure in diet
plan. However, it has been suggested that professionals should encourage the
patient to engage behaviours that might improve conditions such as exercise,

stress and management and potential life style and just having simply diet. As
per the views of Bargain and Zeidan (2019) the problems associated with mental
health today includes obesity and side effects of mediation. Depression is one
of reasons which results due to rapid weight gain. This situation arises due to the
facts related with food habits and same can be used as a strategy to cope up
with the mental health by changing the decisions plans and with the change in
food plan an effective. Weight management program can directly lead in dealing
with the issues in effective manner. The second influence on the mental disorder
can be defined as side effect of the medication.
On the other hand, Avila et al. (2015) stated that for the people staying in
the mental health care hospital units one of the essential facts is to provide them
food full of nutrition values as a part of their care regime. Every person loves food
with good taste which is appealing to eat as well as healthy and nutritious. A
menu which offer this type of food with variety of choices is always welcomes
and appreciated. Provides a base for defined the requirements on nutrition in a
person and actions are taken as per the feedback and suggestion given by
consumers as well as the staff.
However, Johnson et al. (2018) stated that to live a good and healthy life
with no worries good food is an essential requirement as it gives both mental and
physical satisfaction to a person which improve his or her physical life. Healthy
food prevents chronic disease which is a factor of mental illness in certain
people. Another disorder associated with food and ideas of a person are
metabolic syndrome, side effects of the medication leading to hunger and gaining
weight (Petrescu et al., 2016) With the guideline over the nutrition values mental
health hospital providing care and support services can prepare the menu and
meals as per the need and requirement of the consumers and their preferences.
The food offered is designed to promote the health of people as well as
development of quality of healthy eating during and after the stay in the hospitals
(Johnson et al., 2018).Food in setting will be offered on basis of individual care
and nutritional needs which can be assessment by health care provider on the

basis of medication and health condition of patient. Further, involvement of
dietician for planning diets charts of individual patient will be effective in manging
supportive relationship with patients.
IIic and Rowe (2013) highlighted that posters are a common method of
presenting information in the community or at conferences. Anecdotal evidence
within the disciplines shows that health information framed in a poster
presentation might be an effective idea of transferring knowledge (IIic & Rowe,
2013). Furthermore, the poster might identify knowledge and skills and promote
changes in behaviours. Evidence shows that comparing posters to other
educational modalities is required to establish an evidence on how effective the
poster is achieving knowledge transfer.
Health Watch Lambert (2017) conducted questionnaires and observations
to find out that when patients visited their doctors, they waited long for their
appointments to see the GP. The environment and the seating arrangements
might affect their ability to sit comfortably as well as their mood. When posters
are put in the waiting room, it is also important point of communication between
the patient and the surgery. Many patients spend their time reading posters and
leaflets, and it is important for the patients to read health related messages. On
displaying health information carries a clear information through leaflets and
posters as well as implicitly implies which topics are to be on discussion. Even
though we explored waiting rooms from a mental health perspective, we also
recognise that the information and waiting room atmosphere influence all the
patients not only to those who suffers from mental health condition (Health Watch
Lambert,2017). Assisting patients in dietary needs can be will assist in improving
mood disorders of patients which is the major cause of mental health problems.
One might think that nowadays we only use the Internet, but the proof of
posters’ effectiveness is in science. A study which was published in the Health
Information and Libraries Journal highlighted that posters are mainly used for
communicating information in public health fields and in academic. Furthermore,
the report highlighted that these tools can increase knowledge, change

behaviours and change attitudes. Arslan et al. (2014) stresses that the
effectiveness of poster presentations is mainly present in the medical community,
as they prove to be very useful in waiting rooms and great at delivering
information in developing countries. Ninety seven percent of people who were
surveyed stated that they understand a poster which will be in healthcare
facilities (Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 2017). For example, if the
poster is encouraging people to have blood pressure checked, a lot of people will
do so (Cross, 2009). Posters are a valued tool in healthcare sector. In addition,
posters are important because they provide a message around the topic,
ensuring that presenters convey essential information. This also promotes active
learning as the concise amount of information on posters helps people to
participate and ask some questions (Arslan et al., 2014).
Posters generally require reduced content as well as getting to the point.
Selecting what has to be included or omitted is not always easy. It can be a
challenge for patients with visual and hearing impairment or parents who cannot
read (Moradi et al., 2016). The reason behind section of the poster is that it is in
effective way of communication to a wide mass of the public with passing on the
ideas in simple yet effective manner (Carsley et al., 2018). Moreover, people
facing the problem weight gain and obesity will defiantly get attracted towards the
poster or the people who know some individual facing mental health issues due
to diet imbalance can also gain information and help others and themselves as
well. When an individual does not receive proper food, he tend to face issues
related to mental health. It is because mental health is directly connected to an
improper diet. Following a diet which is inadequate and the one which contains
foods which are harmful for health tends to make the individual’s mental health
suffer.

Mizock (2015) stated that the poster will contain information about the mental
issues faced by people due to having wrong diet. This will include the basic
issuer and symptoms of initial symptoms of the depression such as mood swing,
a craving to sleep and eat more, a sense of loneliness, feel of fatigue,
undesirability to work and go outside. With this people can related themselves
directly to the content of poster. The poster will define the healthy choices of food
and the facts that how switching to the healthy life style and healthy and
nutritious food can lead them to a better life and saving them from a mental
issue. A better health is one of the major requirements of a human being in order
to reach better personal growth. Also, it can save people from having mental
issues (Richard, 2017). The information related with foods that can enhance the
metabolism rate in a person will carbohydrates be includes such as walnuts.
Green tea, green and leafy vegetables, oats (Mizock, 2015). The poster will
include images that can attract the people and influence them to switch to
healthy choice to lead a healthy life. The poster will be cut and pasted on such
areas where it can reach out to maximum people. This includes the hospitals,
waiting rooms, lounge, corridor, kitchen and surrounding areas. With this
approach more and more people can be contacted and lead them to make an
informed decision over what they eat and how it directly effects their mental
health. This route is chosen because people visiting medical facilities are more
prone to see and observe things which can help them in the taking care of their
health. Also, people visiting at medical facilities tend to be understand and
develop a sense for taking of their health and ensuring better healthcare. The
poster is going to be most appropriate and beneficial at hospital wards where
unhealthy people usually visit. Ulijaszek and McLennan (2016) in UK, obesity is
recognized as one of the major issues found in adults. Secondary data presents
that, in UK, two-thirds of adults are falling into the category of either obese or
overweight. In accordance with the organization for Economic co-operation and
development, now, UK is considered as the most obsess country of Western
Europe (Dare, 2017). Reports presented by Organisation for Economic

Cooperation and Development (2019) (OECD) also clearly exhibits that, in UK,
obesity level increased by approximately 92% which in turn too higher. UK
government takes several initiatives in the form of organising campaign in order
to control higher levels of obesity.
Moreover, such authority failed to restrict marketing as well as advertising of
junk food. The rationale behind this, junk food negatively impacts the health of an
individual and thereby creates obesity. As per the view of Ntuk et al. (2014)
obesity is increasing among individuals because they are eating too much.
Hence, eating too much and lack of physical activity is recognised as the main
cause behind increasing obesity level of individuals. Therefore, Dare et al, (2015)
stated in the study that individual’s obesity caused by poor diet level. People
when follow poor diets tend to face issues related to heath and physicality, it is
because not knowing which food to eat makes people eat food which is bad and
jeopardize their health. In the recent times or from the past two decades,
lifestyle of individuals changed significantly and due to this their choices also get
changed. Now, people or adults prefer to take processed or fast food which
contains high level of fat and sugar. However, people are not doing any kind of
physical activity for burning-off the calories or fat. In addition to this, use of
alcohol becomes trend among adults which may also cause of obesity among
individuals. According to the views of Long (2009), public health messages are
changing as per the present trends of eating and consumption of people. This is
making advertising to change for the people of the society and their personal
needs and its messages as well.
Booth et al. (2014) identified in their study that obesity has high level of impact on
the health of children, younger and older adults. Due to obesity, level of life
expectancy is getting affected to the significant level. When obesity increases
then life expectancy level of males and females decreased. On the critical note,
author found that high obesity level negatively impacts the quality of an

individual’s life. Obesity create and increases several diseases among individual
such as shortness of breath, back pain, reduced mobility, psychological and
social burden.
In the opinion of Petrescu et al. (2016) obesity is one of the most complex
disorder that involves excessive amount of body fat. The individuals who suffer
from this problem is often unhealthy and have low self-esteem. This problem is
generally caused by eating too much fat and sugar or also because of the
heredity. An obese person can also go through various other problems that
includes high blood pressure and diabetes.
On the other hand, NHS (2016) feels that Obesity is mainly caused because of
the heavy consumption of liquor or alcohol and foods which are unhealthy. Also
underlying medical conditions can also be one of the major reasons for being
obese. It includes when a person’s thyroid gland does not produce enough of
hormones. An individual can also suffer from Cushing syndrome which is a rare
disease that produces the over generation of steroid hormones. If these
symptoms are not recognised at initial level then it can convert into serious
disease that includes obesity, thyroid, diabetes, blood pressure and many other.
As per the view of Ulijaszek and McLennan, (2016) an individual can overcome
the problem of obesity by implementing change in their dietary chart. Patient
suffering from obesity can consult dietician who can support them in having
healthy diet and making them healthy. According to the views of Johnson (2019),
For diagnosing obesity patient can calculate BMI, this must be done by patients
at-least once in a year. Also, by doing regular exercise service user can
overcome the problem of obesity. As per the views of Parkin (2018), All weight-
loss programs require changes in your eating habits and increased physical
activity. The treatment methods that are right for you depend on your level of
obesity, your overall health and your willingness to participate in the weight-loss
plan.

On the other hand, Moradi et al, (2016) says that for overcoming the problem of
obesity individuals can also join behavioural change program that can assist
patients in enhancing their lifestyle. Therapy can make patients understand about
the healthy eating habits and also support them in coping up with their anxiety.
Therapy or interventions with trained mental health or other professionals can
help patients address emotional and behavioral issues related to eating. Also,
obese patients can consult health care professional for weight loss surgery which
is also known as bariatric surgery. Success of surgery depends fully on patient’s
lifecycle changes.
The innovation idea which is being introduced is usage of posters at medical
wards and hospitals. It is because, these posters are going to provide better
solutions to the people in order to take care of their health and development. As
per the views of Booth (2014), usage of posters at medical facilities allows the
medical facilities to easily convey the information to other people.
Project Management Plan
Project management plan (PMP) is a formal, approved document which is used
to manage the execution of the project. The Project management plan
documents the actions necessary to define, prepare, integrate and coordinate the
several activities of planning. It also defined how the project is executed,
monitored, controlled and closed. This present project management plan is
context with the innovation is to introduce healthy eating within the inpatient unit
by developing effective nutrition awareness (Meybohm et al., 2017). With this
project management plan, all the activities and task meet the milestone of the
research.
Department of Health (2016) highlighted the domain 2, 4 and 5 of NHS and it will
help in improving managing obesity in people with learning disability through
nutrition in the inpatient unit, the domain 2 of NHS measures the health-related

quality of life for people who identify themselves as having one or more long-term
conditions. Long Term Conditions are those that cannot, at present, be cured, but
people living with these conditions can be supported to maintain a good quality of
life. To overcome the issue of obesity NHS is supporting patients by motivating
them to follow the healthy diet and involve in more physical exercise. NHS is
engaged in motivating such individuals to maintain a quality of life (Department of
Health, 2016).
In order to ensure that people have positive experience of care, NHS is engaged
in responding to the personal needs of patients. NHS England has produced a
Diagnostic Tool that is Early warning score to help NHS managers and the
general public understand what feeds in to the Overall Patient Experience Scores
and to see how scores vary across individual NHS provider organizations. The
staff is being engaged in providing the quality services to the patients suffering
from obesity. They provide them with acute care and motivates them to follow the
healthy life style (Department of Health, 2016). As indicated in the NHS
Constitution, patients should be able to expect to be treated in a safe and clean
environment and to be protected from avoidable harm. In recent years the NHS
has made progress in developing a culture of patient safety in the NHS, through
the introduction of stronger clinical governance within organizations. NHS is
being engaged in providing healthy and safe conditions for employees as well as
for patients (Department of Health, 2014). Innovation in study is to manage
health living in patients and therefore poster presentation will help NHS ins
encouraging patient safety in care setting on the basis of heath eating habits and
continuous monitoring of health outcomes.
The Plan DO Study Act (PDSA) tool is going to be used in this project
management plan. The nurse is going to lead the project plan, by which it is the
problem-solving model in order to bring improvement in a process or carrying out
change. It is very important that the problem of obesity should be solve in any
concern because it has caused mortality and relates to high medical expenditure.

In UK, quarter of adults are clinically obese from last two decades and it is one of
the serious concerns of government. Thus, Public Health England (PHE) and
National Health Service (NHS) are taking initiatives to bring change in the
lifestyles of people living in England as well as promote healthy eating and
regular exercise through obesity campaign (NHS,2018).
Gantt chart will be used in this project
Task Oct 2019 Nov 2019 Dec2019 Jan 2019 Feb2019 Mar2019
DURATION IN
WEEKS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24
Briefing of staff 
Briefing distributed in
the unit
Meeting with senior
team
Meeting with
individuals accessing
the service, HCA and
families

Poster hang up in the
kitchen, corridor and
inpatient unit
Implementation week
Evaluation week
Report
Plan
This is the first step in which the researcher aims to achieve the targeted goals
and objectives of the research problems. The PSDA cycle is aimed to managing
obesity in people with learning disability through nutrition in the inpatient unit
using a poster. Nursing Times (2012) states that the goals of such as specific,
measurable and achievable are important to managing the goals where as
realistic and timely can be negotiating the performance of the plan. The aim of
the innovation is to introduce health eating within inpatient unit by developing
effective nutritional awareness poster. The planning will be on the basis of Gantt
chart activities where the nurse will focus on briefing of staff over the factors to
be included and considered for project. NICE (2007) highlighted that the change
agent is those who promotes as well as enables change in order to happen
within any group or organisation. In order to bring changes in the lifestyles of
people, the change agent that is the initiatives can help in reducing the threat of
obesity in England. The Promoting health literacy is the best reason for solving
this issue and boosting daily exercises and healthy eating, the change agent is
Public Health England (PHE) and National Health Services (NHS). They will
organise campaign in the society and raise the awareness of healthy diet,
improve exercise etc. From these campaigns, it reduces the risk of heart attack,
manage the weight better, lower the blood cholesterol level, lower blood pressure
and many other advantages are there so that the risk of obesity will be control
and overcome (Reidy et.al., 2017).

Objectives
- To raise awareness of a healthy diet through the poster within an inpatient
unit within 5 months
- To improve exercise routine among 5 % people suffering from obesity
- To promote Healthy living habits with the help of poster presentation
- The easy read
- To evaluate the outcome of the implementation poster plans after six
months
The nurse will have a meeting with the care staff within the inpatient unit and
have a meeting with the individuals who used the service, heath care assistants
and families. The poster will be hung up in the kitchen, corridor, dining room and
inpatient unit. (See Appendix). On the basis of poster plan it can be said that first
it is important to contact independent non-executive member of Public Health
England in order to seek valid information and statistic over obese population
which will helps in deriving what exactly requires attention. Communication with
National health services for framework of poster plan will be second option
because the authorities can help in deriving information presentation for Inpatient
ward. However, a nurse will seek for infomed consent in a written consent from
authorities from National Health Services for using some secondary information
from website. Health care framework is the best way to manage risk of obesity
and setting prevention measures. It is a guidance framework which focus on
controlling individual daily pactices to manage quality of life (NMC,2015). Cost of
printing poster will also consume time because for this scholar will seek of
accessible format of printing reliable poster. Further, it is important for the
researcher to first collect all the valid information regarding people suffering from
learning disability. Communication with suffers will help in deriving accumulation
and presentation of person-centred information in Poster
Do

Once the plan is developed by the researcher, the next phase is to
implement or do the plan. In this phase researcher will try to implement some
models to implement changes and some leadership models to drive the changes.
One of the best models which can be implemented by Public Health England and
National Health Services is ADKAR model. There are five building blocks for
successful change, and it stands for Awareness, Desire, knowledge, Ability and
Reinforcement. All these five elements of this model are sequential (Sherperd,
2014). Poster assisted in outlining predetermined objectives and hypothesis of
outlining about needs of awareness, ability to control situation and reinforcing
changes. This stage the poster will be hung up in the kitchen, corridor, dining
room and inpatient room. In this stage planners will focus on fixing poster in room
and seeking advice of health care workers and patients over the information and
the presentation. Do poster motivates them to focus on heathy eating, promote
dietary routine, etc.
Study
This is the third step in this model where data is used to study the result.
The care staff and the nurse will evaluate the data or result by preparing
questionnaire to seek valid information from care staff. (See Appendix 2) All the
questions are related to the affectivity of the project. The best tool which is used
to gather information for study the issues or problem is primary research by doing
survey. The advantage of this tool is that it is first hand data as well as the
information collected is reliable and authentic (Harris et.al, 2018). The nurse will
collect primary data with the help of survey where researcher will make use of
Questionaries’ which will be make analysis simplified and systematic to draw
outcomes.
Act
Based on the process of planning, doing and studying the implementation
of improvement, plan how to change the next cycle of implementation. The very
first action that is taken for the implementation of any project related to

healthcare, the best strategy for successful implementation of project is Effective
Communication. It is very important that all the effective channels of
communication should be used so that range of campaign, sponsor an
educational puppet show, hosting of a nutrition night for parents, with activities
for kids to reach different regions. All the information should be communicated
properly to public and other stakeholders (Hall and Scott, 2016). Further, it is also
very essential that regular updates should also be communicated to participants
so that they could be remain aware of the campaigns. Further research will make
use of qualitative analysis where aim of researcher will be on outlining findings of
survey results. The survey results will be analysed in form of thematic
presentation which will helps in critically reviewing each response of participants
will support in introduce health eating within inpatient unit by developing effective
nutritional awareness poster
Public must be made aware of the need for change. As PHE and NHS
needs to make the public aware that why they are giving stress on healthy eating
and regular exercise. Public must also know the symptoms and cause of obesity
(Presser et.al, 2015). Public should have the desire to participate as well as fully
support the change in their lifestyles and eating habits. NHS and PHE should
have to gather knowledge about the entire process of change so that the goal will
become clear to audience. There are many ways to impart knowledge like
through education and training, workshop etc. The result of this step is that public
has started to include the right habits like daily exercise, yoga, healthy eating,
stop eating junk food etc. so that the threat of obesity is reduced. This is last step
in which the new change is reinforced within public, this final step is very
important to sustain the change. NHS and PHE will take corrective actions
quickly, taking feedbacks from hospitals as well as helping them in leaving bad
habits and opting good habits (Public Health Well, 2013). In addition to this,
during implementation of change, leadership styles and techniques also plays a
very important role in success implementation of changes within 1 months as the
evaluation of success will be done after 6 months. The health care staff of NHS

and PHE plays a key role in boosting the awareness among people about the
healthy eating and regular exercises (Lipsky et.al, 2016). The best leadership
style which is used in this research is Democratic Model of leadership. In this
leadership style, leader involve each member to participate in this task and make
an effective decision.
They will also take opinions of volunteers so that the project is implemented in
more effective way. Volunteer can suggest exclusive advise on how to promote
health literacy and managing obesity among people. The individuals are from
society and live by different type of people and have knowledge over the health
issues faced by different people. Therefore, gaining advise from the individual
can helps in improving information presentation of Poster. Further, apart from
this, it is also very essential that the health care professionals must listen the
opinions and views of staff members so that proper changes can be done
whenever and wherever it is needed. In addition to this, in order to evaluate the
success of the campaigns it is also very important to use SWOT analysis tool.
SWOT analysis is used to help to identify the strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities and threats relating to the shared purpose of an aspect of care that
you want to improve or change (NICE, 2016).
STRENGTH
 Skilled and knowledgeable employees
 Promotes health communication
 Offers wide variety of food choices to
meet dietary needs
 Visual aid i.e. easy read format
 Gives information on health benefits
 User friendly
 cheap
WEAKNESSES
 Can get dirty
 Can be overlooked
 Patients not reading it
 One location
OPPORTUNITIES
 Create awareness’s of practise a
good health.
 Increasing trends towards eating
green vegetables, edible oils etc.
THREAT
 Lack of support
 Budgetary constraints.
 The agendas of the poster do not
attract and influence people.

 Better experience for individuals
assessing the service
 Potentially for individuals assessing
the service
 Improves health promotion
 Resistance to change
Key stakeholders who are directly or indirectly connected with the campaign of
NHS and PHE are employees, staff members, other healthcare institution,
patients, and all other public who the campaigns are organised. These are all
involved in the campaign to raise the awareness of healthy diet and regular
exercise to get rid of obesity diseases. The role of employees is key role as they
are the people who are plan, do, study and take actions for which the campaigns
is organized for. On the other hand, audience or public are also very important in
bringing the project to success it is because the main purpose of organizing
campaigns is only for the sake of their public health (Flynn et.al, 2017).
Conclusion.
To conclude it can be stated that the people from inpatient unit are more at the
risk of getting obese due to the medication they take, and this can also affect
their mental as well (Dare, Mackay and Pell 2017). The aim of this research
project has been to influence people towards healthy eating plans and habits and
creating awareness about the nutrition values in the diets through a poster. A
managements plan has also been developed to make people aware about their
physical as well as mental health and it can be changed and influences with a
simple change in the diet plan (Haw and Rowell, 2011). This is made with
perspective to attain the outcome in the form of improving the habits of healthy
eating in people with learning disability among the care and support staff. The
plan is implemented and will be view over a time frame of 6 months to evaluate
the outcomes in the health of people under inpatient unit having learning
disability.

Word count 5490
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ii
APPENDICES
Appendix 1
HEALT

Appendix 2
Sample questionnaires for health care staff before the poster
1.Do you encourage people with learning disabilities to eat healthy?
a) Yes b) No
If No please give a reason
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
2. How do you encourage them to eat?
Please give
answer……………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
3. Do you feel confident to support people with learning disability to eat healthy?
a) No b) Yes
4.Are you aware of any diseases are caused by being obese?
a) Yes b) No
5.Do you have a chef who cooks healthy food in the unit?
a) Yes b) No
If yes please name
them………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………