Immunity, Immunization and Antibiotic-Resistant

Immunity, Immunization and
Antibiotic-Resistant

Table of Contents
Immunity, Immunization and Antibiotic-Resistant.........................................................................1
1. Define...........................................................................................................................................3
2. Terms explained with appropriate antibody formation................................................................3
3. Measles vaccination and the impact of the measles/MMR mass immunization programme in
the UK..............................................................................................................................................5
4. Long-term effects of antibiotics on pathogen resistance.............................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

1. Define
a) Immunity
A persons body is exposed to many pathogens every day which make it susceptible to get
infected by the disease causing pathogens like viruses and bacteria. On the surface of pathogens
there are antigens which stimulate the immune system of the person’s body. The immune system
response against the invaders to protect the body and this ability of the body is called immunity.
(Fitzgerald and Kagan, 2020).
b)Immunization
Immunization means the process in which the body is made to protect itself from the
invaders which are causing infections. Vaccines are used to stimulate the immune system of the
body against the pathogens which are causing the illness (Boyce and et al., 2019).
2. Terms explained with appropriate antibody formation.
a) Natural active immunity:
The body exposed to the invaders catch the disease but naturally the immune system
forms the antigens to fight against the disease causing pathogen, then it is called the natural
active immunity of the body.
The pathogens come in contact with the body and they gradually transfers from the skin
to the mucous membranes where the white blood cells containing B-cells becomes active and
form antigens to compete against the pathogens. The formation of the antigen might takes days
or weeks but the effect is life long. The vaccine does the same thing, they stimulate the immune
system to fight against the disease causing pathogens. Example: the vaccine for the hepatitis A
will stimulate the immune system to form the antigens for protecting life long.
b)Natural passive immunity
Immunity is transferred from the mother to the child at the time of birth in form of
antigens to protect from germs and infections, then it is called natural passive immunity. It can