Traditional Method vs Biotechnological Methods

Vaccination
Running Head: VACCINE 0

VACCINE `1
Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................2
How vaccine works....................................................................................................................2
Traditional Method vs Biotechnological Methods.....................................................................2
Common vaccinations in US for babies.....................................................................................2
Impact of Vaccines in last 100 years..........................................................................................3
People worried about Vaccination.............................................................................................3
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................4
References..................................................................................................................................5

VACCINE `2
Introduction
Vaccine is a chemical substance which works as an antigen in the body and help
creating antibodies against it to fight the infection. It is used to prevent the infection when the
pathogen actually attacks, which would else result in severe disease and illness. This report
discusses about the working of vaccination, different methods of production as well as the
parental worries regarding vaccination on their children and babies.
How vaccine works
When body is attacked by pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria,
protozoa or fungi, they invade the body and use it to grow and multiply and this results in
infection or illness. Vaccines imitates the working of this infection and helps the body create
immunity against the disease. It does not cause illness but helps in creating an immune
environment for the actual infectious pathogen’s attack. It results in activating the T-
lymphocytes and antibodies against the vaccine. Further, the imitated infection through
vaccine helps create memory T- lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes in the body which helps in
remembering the process to fight with infection. It usually takes a week or two to develop the
immune response towards the vaccine (Centre for Disease Control and Prevention,
2018).
Traditional Method vs Biotechnological Methods
Traditional method involves the use of infection creating microorganism in live
attenuated or inactivated form. Inactivated vaccine involves killing of virus or bacteria using
heat or chemical and then incorporation into the body. In live attenuated, weaker or disarmed
form of virus or bacteria is used (Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018).
Biotechnology is systematic approach in the vaccine production as it involves the
separation of pure antigen using antibody which are monoclonal in nature, also synthesis of
antigen with the help of cloned gene, and lastly synthesis of peptides that is used in form of
vaccine. It involves incorporation of the genetically engineered DNA of the infection
carrying organism directly into the body to create an immune response against it. Another
method is with the use of mRNA which helps in attaining flexibility while vaccine
production, as it can be used to encode any kind of protein without making major changes
during production of vaccine (Chen, Cheng, Yang , & Yeh, 2016).