Impact of Employee Training and Development on Organizational Performance: Case of Emirates Airline

This dissertation explores the impact of employee training and development on the organizational performance of Emirates Airline in the UAE aviation sector. It examines the training programs used by Emirates and their effectiveness in improving employee productivity and profitability. The study also proposes recommendations for enhancing training and development strategies.

IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON
ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: CASE OF EMIRATES AIRLINE
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Abstract
Training and development plays a crucial role in the success of a business and this is
considered one of the major key aspect of a success. In the same way, the current dissertation
also enlightens the importance of training and development within a working area in order to
lead a business towards further level of success. The current study based on Emirates which is
one of the top airline company who provides range of services to their customers without any
complaints. Further, dissertation describe different training methods are used by the aviation
industry in order to improve the skills and competencies of an employee. Further, current
dissertation supports the literature reviews by using research methodologies in which qualitative
strategy is used that helps to analyse the views of different respondents. Through this
dissertation, importance of T&D is analysed and its impact on business performance is also
realized.
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Acknowledgement
First of all, I would like to thank my college which gave me an opportunity to write this
dissertation and enhance my current knowledge and through its expertise, assistance and
guidance I proceed the work. I also like to thank my Professor who helped me to select the topic
and also for many generous suggestions as well.
I would also like to thank sincere gratitude to the faculty who provided me ways to
complete the dissertation in better manner. Lastly, I would like to thank my parents and friends
who help me in this project and also support me whenever I feel low.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................6
1.1 Background of the study .......................................................................................................6
1.2 Research aim and objectives .................................................................................................6
1.3 Research questions ................................................................................................................7
1.4 Rationale of the study ...........................................................................................................7
1.5 Significance of the study .......................................................................................................7
1.6 Dissertation structure ............................................................................................................8
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.......................................................................................10
Theme 1: Overview of training programs and associated methods...........................................10
Theme 2: To analyse training programs which are undertaken by the firms.............................13
Theme 3: To assess relationship between training programs and organizational performance 14
Literature Summary...................................................................................................................17
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................19
Research type.............................................................................................................................19
Research approach.....................................................................................................................19
Research philosophy..................................................................................................................19
Research design.........................................................................................................................20
Data collection...........................................................................................................................20
Sampling....................................................................................................................................21
Data analysis..............................................................................................................................21
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Ethical consideration..................................................................................................................21
Research limitations...................................................................................................................22
Reliability and validity...............................................................................................................22
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS...................................................................23
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................35
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................35
Recommendation:......................................................................................................................36
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................38
APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................41
Questionnaire.............................................................................................................................41
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Topic: To study the impact of employee training and development on organizational
performance in the context of UAE aviation sector: A study on Emirates airlines
1.1 Background of the study
Training & development (T&D) programs are recognized as the main part of each and
every organization. Moreover, it is directly associated with the productivity and profitability of
business unit. In the recent times, high level of competition as well as advancements prevail in
the aviation sector. Referring such aspects companies are focusing on conducting training
session for personnel (Bulut and Culha, 2010). Moreover, in the service sector employees are the
one who build distinct image in the mind of customers through the means of quality offerings. In
the same way, to provide best customer experience to their customer, it is necessary to provide
training sessions to every employee so that it will lead to improvement on the employee’s
performance as well as productivity too. As every industry and company uses best training and
development methods with an aim to improve the performance of employee so that they will put
their best efforts to attain the defined aim and objectives.
This proposal is based on Emirate which offers airline services to the customers at
affordable prices. In this report, dissertation will shed light on the extent to which training
programs are significant for the companies in relation to improving overall performance. Besides
this, it also entails reasons due to which investigation is conducted along with its significance.
Further, study will present the strategies that Emirates should employ for managing as well as
improving performance of its employees.
1.2 Research aim and objectives
Aim
The aim behind conducting current study is to analyse the extent to which training and
development has an impact on organizational performance with regards to Emirates.
Research objectives
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● To determine whether the training and development programs aid to enhance the overall
productivity of employees at Emirates Airline.
● To find whether the training and development programs are producing any positive results
for emirates in terms of increasing its profitability, as well as competitiveness.
● To analyse different training programs used by Emirates in order to identify any potential
problems or positive implications associated with them.
● To propose appropriate solutions for Emirates Airline in order to enhance its current
strategies for training and development of employees.
1.3 Research questions
By taking into account research aim and objectives following questions have been drafted
such as:
Q1. Does the training and development programs that are used by Emirates Airline helping to
enhance the overall productivity of its employees?
Q2. What are the training and development programs that are used by Emirates for its employees
to help increase its profitability within the airline industry of UAE?
1.4 Rationale of the study
The rationale behind initiated present study is to assess how performance of an
organization can be improved by taking into account training programs. This in turn can be
recognized as issue because now technological advancement is taking place with the very high
pace. Along with this, due to having high level of competition firms operating in aviation sector
are placing high level of emphasis on the adoption of innovative business practices. In this
regard, through the means of thematic analysis current study will shed light on the extent to
which Emirates can improve performance by focusing on training programs or sessions.
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1.5 Significance of the study
By doing assessment, it has been found that several stakeholders such as other scholars,
firms operating in aviation sector will benefit from the outcome derived through investigation.
Hence, other scholars who wish to conduct study on similar topic can undertake this for
identifying gap and developing hypothesis for further study. This study will help develop a better
understanding about the concept of T&D and its association with organizational performance
eventually. In addition to this, business units operating in aviation sector including Emirates can
identify the level to which organizational performance can be improved by employing training &
development practices.
From the chapter one, research summarize the aim, objectives, research questions,
significance and rationale of the study in which it is summarizes that using effective training and
development strategies, Emirates will easily sustain the brand image and also improve the overall
business performance. Moreover, it is analysed analysed that by using effective methods of
training and development, company may also motivate employees and also stay ahead in the
competition as well. In the next chapter, researcher describe literature review in which secondary
research is conducted by using books, articles, journals and newspaper etc.
1.6 Dissertation structure
Chapter 1: Introduction
First chapter of dissertation contains brief overview of the research being investigated.
Further, it also highlights research aim, objectives and questions that need to be addressed by
doing thorough investigation. Moreover, researcher also describe the reason of selecting
particular research topic and importance of the research.
Chapter 2: Literature review
In this chapter, brief thesis will be prepared by doing critical evaluation of topic through
undertaking books, journals and scholarly articles. This is one of the main chapters of
dissertation which in turn will be used for analysing data set gathered through secondary
investigation and researcher uses relevant articles, books and journals which are already
published in order to answer all research questions.
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Chapter 3: Research methodology
This chapter will describe research type, approach, philosophies, data collection,
sampling and analysis method. It clearly presents tools that helps in investigating issue in the
best possible way.
Chapter 4: Data analysis & findings
Fourth chapter of dissertation is highly important which entails results derived through
research. In this, themes and graphs will be prepared on the basis of responses gathered through
primary investigation. Along with this, primary findings will also be supported through LR
section.
Chapter 5: Conclusion & recommendations
Final chapter of dissertation highlights conclusion derived through whole investigation.
In this, conclusion will be drawn by taking into account research aim and objectives. Along with
this, strategies pertaining to training & development will also be recommended to Emirates that
can be undertaken in the near future for enhancing organizational performance as well as overall
growth.
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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
In the research, a Literature Overview helps in evaluating and ascertaining the previous
work that has been done in the current field of research and therefore the different aspects of the
current research topic can be evaluated. The previous articles, papers and journals that are
published by authors who have already conducted research in this aspect has been evaluated in
this section and the researcher will select the relevant research papers that have been published
and will assist the current research project of the researcher. The researcher has formulated
different themes for which the past literature that has been published will be reviewed and
relevant insight has been drawn for different themes that were formulated on the basis of the
objectives of the research (Miyato and et.al., 2018). The following themes have been segregated
and developed and appropriate literature has been collected and reviewed for the themes
developed so that relevant conclusions can be drawn and the significant insights can be
developed in the research that was conducted in the past by different authors.
Theme 1: Overview of training programs and associated methods
As per the view of Larsen (2017) employee training refers to the continued efforts of the
company in order to boost the performance of employees and this is generally provided in order
to address the weaknesses among employees. Such that in airline industry, if the owner evaluates
the workforce in closely manner, then they definitely determine the skills are lacking among
employees. As a result, training programs are developed that further helps to expand the
knowledge base of all employees and as a result, they definitely improve the performance of the
employees. In the same way, in airline industry variety of training sessions are introduce that
helps to train employees so that they generate better opportunity for a company. On contrary,
Seidle, Fernandez and Perry (2016) stated that training programs have very specific goals and it
is conducted for the particular topic and selected audience as well. Such that it is all about
learning and how to operate a specific training on process and procedure in the firm. Overall,
these training programs are important and key element of overall strategy of growth, process
improvement as well as retention strategy too.
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According to Sundstrom and et.al., (2016) most employees have some weaknesses at the
working area related to workplace skills and human relation skills and that is why, training
programs allow to overcome those weaknesses by strengthening those skills among each and
every employee. Hence, this clearly reflected that for every new employee, proper training
sessions are introduced that helps to improve the overall working performance of employees. As
organization conduct the training in order to implement the new program and to adopt the new
changes or trend, in the same way, aviation industry also keep changing the training needs in
order to cope up with the change environment as well. Therefore, it is stated by Dodson, Kitburi
and Berge (2015) through effective training session, learner’s expectations are also increased and
as a result, they start involving themselves into the training methods so that they give their best
output in the terms of quality and quantity. Hence, clearing that using effective training
programs, a person may enrich the broader skills which are used in numerous situation and that
is why, most of the organization provide development programs not only for professional growth
but also for personal growth of the employees too.
As a result, this will strengthen the employee's skills which allow the firm to become a
smarter workplace and assist to grow faster as well. That Is why, investing in training programs
is considered as one of the good management practices in order to maintain expertise for current
situation and for future as well. Therefore, every industry and organization should also invest in
the same so that the performance of a company will raise and it may lead to further success as
well. In the current scenario, the airline industry has been growing and developing enormously
since the travelling in flights has become cheaper and the travelling through this mode has
increased amongst the people i.e. travellers. However, the Torraco (2016) states that in the
current airline industry, there is a specific need of hiring trained personnel who has complete
knowledge of the company for which it is working.
Behnke and et.al., (2019) states that the employees can be given adequate training and
their skills can be developed to match the current requirement that they require in order to
operate in the current industry. There are different methods i.e. on the job training methods and
off the training methods that can be adopted to train the employees working in airline i.e.
aviation industry. The on the job training programmes are different for different categories of
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employees i.e. for the employees who are performing ground level duties in the airline company,
for them the training is related more to accomplish the basic duties and objectives such as
monitoring the schedules of the flights that are taking place etc. this helps in educating the
employees and increasing their skills levels so that different duties can be accomplished and the
company can give better services to their employees. Additionally, the Hawkridge, Newton and
Hall (2018) have also stated that off the job training programmes assist in making the employees
learn about other duties and educate them about different scenarios that can arise for the
employees that are working in the aviation industry. This assists in increasing the skill level of
employees and also make them learn about the different real life situations that must be dealt
with effectively and the manner in which the employees can be trained to address these real life
situations. They also state that the training needs to be regularly modified for the ground duty
employees since pilots and other personnel are already heavily trained and equipped to deal with
different life threatening situations that might arise.
However, Manresa, Bikfalvi and Simon (2018) have criticized that the point that the
training is only majorly limited to ground duty is false because other employees such as pilots
and air hostesses also require regular training and update in the skills that they possess. For this
fact, there are different techniques that can be adopted by the companies to train their employees.
Simulation is the best training mechanism since it helps in training them about the encounters
that they might have to face or experience while in the aviation industry. The authors have
further stated that the techniques that are used must be developed accordingly for different
batches of employees i.e. for different categories of employees.
As per the view of Hughes (2018) recurrent training Is another method which is also
adopted by aviation industry such that it is a periodic training which takes place for all cabin
crew members who have already received initial training. Author also states that capacity and
efficiency to react in emergency situation needs to be taught and trained consistently. That is
why, recurrent training is actually provided in which CRM and safety training are compulsory
components of recurrent training (Different training methods, 2018). This method is considered
to be one of the most important part of airline operations in which employees get enough
knowledge how to handle complex situation and different practices are also used that helps to
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make cabin crews realize that there is a need to maintain better relationship with the customers
because they are the only members who are responsible for their safety. Therefore, it is analysed
that there are different methods of training which must be used by the aviation industry in order
to generate best results
Theme 2: To analyse training programs which are undertaken by the firms
According to Jain and Sharma (2019) training methods are actually implemented in order
to raise the performance of employees and also increase the overall productivity of a company.
In the same way, aviation industry uses variety of training methods among all, simulation is the
best. It is so because it shed the light on the underlying mechanism, which helps to control the
behaviour of a system and in airline industry it is mostly used. In the same way, Emirates also
uses this training methods in order to let its employees to predict the future behaviour. Linde,
Caridha and Kunkler (2017) Highlights that the simulation training is implemented with the help
of giving the road map of all the activity and the experience which will be seen by the pilot in the
process of fling the plane. In which all the information and also the road map is provided to the
pilot about the different situation which can be faced by the pilot in the process of performing the
different activity.
Trivedi and Kollef (2016) highlights that simulation based training used to bring the
variety of the impact on the performance of the employee in the organization. The biggest impact
is that pilot are more on confidence and less hesitated at the time of flying the flight as
simulation based training used to provide them with the real life experience at the time of
training itself. Another reason behind the same is also that this training used to provide the
immediate feedback to the trainee. It eventually helps the pilot in getting more information and
the guidance as they are guided by the support team at all the level. Stevens and Kincaid (2015)
highlights that another big plus point of the simulation based training is that it can be used for
both to train the new as well as in improving the already adopted skill for the employee.
Jain and Sharma (2019) highlights that simulation training also used to have the negative
impact as well, the biggest negative impact is that the pilot find it difficult to adopt the changes
and the new challenges which is faced by the pilot at the time of flying the Flight. As they
become very much habitual of the training procedure which are gained by them during the
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simulation training. Moreover, Hafeez and Akbar (2015) states that there are two unique
elements in Emirates training such that it invests into its own training facility and have
sophisticated simulators which allow to deliver realistic and experimental learning scenes.
Further, training also uses advance computer programs which enable the training team to assume
different emergency scenarios i.e. full motion, smoke simulation and visual and audio
simulation. Another unique element is highly skilled trainers which provides training to cabin
crew and each one of them has expertise in their own area and also passionate about their role to
assist crew in order to meet the Emirates high standards.
As per the view of Hyland, Lee and Mills (2015) off board training methods are also
provided to Emirates in which trainers provide training related to Augmented Reality i.e. AR
which is the use of technology to position all virtual element in the real world application. It is so
because from last many years, aviation industry faces shortage of training workforce because of
speedy expansion of airlines, lack of training structure (Emirates training methods, 2018). That
is why, providing training related to AR Emirates may easily deliver e-learning solutions without
needs to certified professionals and as a result, it helps to improve the overall working
performance of employees. Due to changing era, aviation industry also faces different issues
related to training methods such that lack of time management and language barrier and that is
why it affect the overall working performance of employees.
Hence, with an advance technology and different learning styles, the delivery of training
and development is also changes such that they start using e-learning using games and analytics
and simulations which further assist to boost the workplace productivity. Overall, using effective
training methods adopted by Emirates will help the business to grow further level of success and
also attain the defined goal aim and objectives.
Theme 3: To assess relationship between training programs and organizational performance
As per the view of Helmreich and Merritt (2017) training and development practices
provide employees an opportunity to attain many skills so that they will perform well in job.
Though there is a direct and positive relationship between the training programs and
organizational performance because training provides direct opportunities to every individual to
learn new skills and techniques so that they perform the work in better manner. Harris (2016)
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found that training has a deep effect on the results of an organization by retaining their
employees and if there is an effective training implemented into top, middle and lower level of
management then it creates direct impact upon the business performance in positive manner.
Through training, aviation industry also minimizes the problem of employee retention and as a
result, employee satisfied within the working area and helps to attain defined goals as well.
From this, Hanaysha and Tahir (2016) it is analysed that training and development
practices act as an independent variable while organizational performance is a dependent
variable and job satisfaction plays as a mediating variable. Thus, this framework shows direct
relationship between training and development and also proves that through training techniques
organization main aim is to develop employees in such a way that they themselves feel that they
are valued for a firm. It is so because the more employees feel valued, the more they commit to
attain the firm performance. Overall, good training practices lead to employee job satisfaction
and training and development programs help employees to stay in a touch with current market
trends as well as technological innovation in order to keep talented staff satisfied.
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Illustration 1: relationship of training and development with job performance
(Source: relationship between T&D with job performance, 2018)

Moreover, Parveen, Jaafar and Ainin (2015) stated that there is a positive relationship
between training and organization performance and it is so because it is considered as a
motivation factor and author also affirmed that when employees get different training sessions,
their efficiencies increase and they perform better than a normal employee. As a result, Johnston
and McDonald (2017) emphasizes that training is consider an essential not only to increase the
productivity but it also motivate the employee in order to know importance of their jobs and they
are also an important key element of the business. Author also states that if Emirates provide
training and develop their employees and then reward them well for their better performance
then it definitely makes them motivated and also leads to generate loyalty to the company.
Hence, this shows that training doesn’t not only create direct impact upon the organizational
performance but it also motivates employees to make them fit for the company as well.
Farmer and et.al., (2017) developed an understanding of the link between organizational
commitment and the results which provide lot of benefits. For instance, at upper level
management in aviation industry, some of the benefits could be job satisfaction, motivation, and
increased job performance which creates direct positive impact upon the performance of an
organization. That is why, it is necessary to provide continuous training session to their
employees to realize that they are also considered as an important part of the firm. Due to having
positive relationship between organizational performance and training programs, Emirates also
uses variety of training programs in order to make the employees more satisfied and may catch
up with different problems. Such that technical training which describe broad range of training
programs and this is also provided to all staff in order to understand technical process and
principles. Therefore, from last past years, the company also focuses on human resource
management in order to develop more training sessions for the entire team in order to increase
productivity, quality, profit and market value.
As per the view of Ji and et.al., (2019) in order to gain high competitive advantage in the
market, companies aim to develop best training session to their employees so that they may help
to generate better results in the terms of quality and quantity. On the other side, due to fast pace
of global and technological development, variety of firms faces different challenges and changes,
and in order to cope up with the challenges, there is a need to implement the training sessions. So
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effective training programs are also help employees to get familiarity with the new techniques
and technological advancement to gain full command on the skills and also raise the working
ability to stay in this particular job for long term. Hence, by sharing a positive relationship
between training and organizational performance, the company may lead to further level of
success and also generate best results too.
Literature Summary
From the literature review, it is observed that authors present different point of views but
they all state that training and development practices help the business to increase its
performance and also leads towards further level of success too. Training and development not
only help to increases capabilities of an individual but it also helps to motivate the employees so
that they will stay in the company for longer period as well, this is exactly Yao and et.al., (2019)
stated in their article. Further, literature review defined variety of training methods which may be
used by the aviation industry such as, on- job training methods which is most common method of
training in which trainee is placed for the specific job and taught the skills and knowledge in
order to perform it. This method leads to motivate and encourage the employees so that they will
stay for the longer time. Another method is Off the job training method which is conducted in the
location which is specially designed for training and in the context of aviation industry,
simulation within of the job training methods are consider the best method which is especially
designed to train pilots and also make them ready to handle them in real field. Further, vestibule
training may also be provided to the technical team of airline industry especially who are deal
with tool and machines. In this, employees learn their jobs on the equipment they will be using
but this type of training is actually conducted away from the actual work floor to get a full fear
for doing task without real world pressures.
Overall, it is realized from the literature review that there is a positive interrelationship
between training methods and organizational performance such that if employee gets the right
training related to their field, they will generate the best performance and increase organization
performance as well. It is so because, employees in airline industry get motivated and start
feeling that they are also recognized as an important part of the company and without them,
success of the company will not be measured. That is why, there is a need to implement
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continuous learning programs for the employees so that they develop skills, knowledge and as a
result, it will also be used in their future to attain future goals too. Companies do not lose money
on training but instead generates results. That is why, providing best variety of training methods
will lead the firm to raise the company's image at international level and increases production
level with profitability too.
Therefore, it is cleared that by providing wide range of training sessions to their
employees will increase the overall performance of the organization and every training method
has its own limitations. That is why, companies should start introducing methods as per the
requirement of market and changing era, so that it will help to lead a business towards better
direction. In similar way, Emirates also uses advance training methods such that Simulation an
Augmented reality through which cabin crew and pilots are trained so that they may easily
handle the complex situation and cope up many adverse situation as well. As per the view of
Hafeez and Akbar (2015) developing best training programs within the working area will helps
the employees to increases their own working performance and in turns, it directly creates
positive relationship between organization performance and training programs. This method also
helps the business to meet the daily requirement and helps to identify the employees who have
skill and capability in order to cope with adverse situation as well.
Lastly from the literature review it is also analysed that introducing best training methods
will help employees to increase the performance of a company as well as employees too. Though
there are different methods which are implemented in the aviation industry but among all,
simulation is the best because it helps to let pilots ready to deal with complex situation through
their skills and capabilities. Further, it is realized that effective and good training session will
creates direct and positive relationship between employees and also helps to meet the defined
aim and objective in better manner.
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CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is the specific procedure and technique that is actually used to
determine, select and analyse the information related to topic and this section allow researcher to
critically evaluate the study's overall validity and reliability so that it will help to generate results
that helps to answer the research questions. Moreover, this section consists of different
components which allow researcher to conduct the study in a better mode to get accurate results.
These components are as mentioned:
Research type
To attain the defined aim and objectives, researcher chooses qualitative research type
which assist researcher to generate the in-depth understanding of problems or an issue. This
method is a non- statistical method which is heavily dependent upon the experience of researcher
and the questions. Through this method, researcher will generate the findings and also solve the
questions in better manner so that defined aim and objectives are met.
Research approach
It is the plan and a procedure which is a collection of broad assumptions that leads to
detailed data collection, analysis and interpretation as well (Chahine and et.al., 2019). Though
research approach, researcher test the validity of assumptions and also identify whether it
matches to results or not. There are three types of research approach such that Inductive,
deductive and adductive.
In order to conduct the research in proper manner, scholar chooses Inductive research
approach because it starts with the observation as well as theories that lead towards better result.
Thus, this approach helps researcher to move towards more abstract generalization and ideas and
also attain the aim i.e. to analyse the extent to which training and development has an impact on
organizational performance with regards to Emirates.
Research philosophy
It is the belief or notion about the way through which information is gathered, analysed
and used. Therefore, this method also requires the researcher to involve and also formulate the
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beliefs and assumptions (Israel and et.al., 2019). There are four types of research philosophy
such that Interpretivism, Realism, Positivism and pragmatism.
Among all, researcher chooses Interpretivism research philosophy because it helps to
interpret the results and also integrates human interest into a study. As rationale of the study also
proves that researcher have their own interest to study on the following topic, in the same way,
using Interpretivism as research philosophy will help the focus on different aspect of training and
development and also determine whether it leads to generate profitability or not in Emirates.
Research design
Research design is the set of methods and procedures which are used for collecting and
analysing the measures for specific problems. Therefore, it is the general plan which will outline
different answers about the research questions. Research design also helps to facilitate the
smooth sailing of a research (Ginsburg and Smith, 2019). There are two types of research design
i.e. Exploratory and conclusive.
To conduct the research in better manner, researcher opt descriptive research design
under conclusive because it mainly focuses on the nature of demographic segment and that is
why, it helps to determine the impact of training programs upon the employee performance and
business profitability. Moreover, through this, researcher will conduct the researcher in more
precise manner.
Data collection
It is the method of collecting and measuring the data or information in such a manner
that helps to answer all the questions and also assist to evaluate the outcomes as well. In order to
generate best result, researcher uses both primary and secondary data collection methods. Such
that under primary data collection which are conducted for the first time and for that researcher
uses survey method under which questionnaire is presented that helps to answer the questions
(Siddique, Eldawy and Hristidis, 2019). On the other side, researcher also used secondary data
collection which is collected by someone else and other may also uses. In this, researcher uses
relevant articles, journals and books in order to conduct the research in better manner and also
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collect the relevant information related to topic so that it will assist to answer the relevant
questions as well.
Therefore, using both primary and secondary methods of data collection will help to
generate the best outcomes and also leads to answer the research questions as well. Further, these
methods will also help to attain the defined aim i.e. to analyse the extent to which training and
development has an impact on organizational performance with regards to Emirates and conduct
the research in precise manner.
Sampling
It is the process which is used in statistical analysis so that predetermined number of
observation are taken from larger population. Using sample will help to generate best results and
also suitable in limited resources as well (Chahine and et.al., 2019). There are two types of
sampling such that probability and non- probability sampling method.
To conduct the research in better manner, researcher uses simple random sampling
method under probability sampling in which 30 employees of Emirates are selected so that it will
help to generate the best results. Through this sampling method, researcher also get respondent's
views related to training and development and in turns, it will help to attain the defined aim and
objectives in better manner.
Data analysis
It is the process of systematically applying al the statistical techniques in order to
describe and illustrate the information in better manner. Thus, its main purpose is to evaluate the
data using best technique so that each component of an information will be managed. There are
two types of data analysis such that quantitative and qualitative data analysis.
Among all, researcher uses thematic data analysis under qualitative data analysis in
which pictures, graphs are used by the researcher in order to interpret the collected data in better
manner. Further, using thematic data analysis, researcher may also generate best results so that
all the information will used to determine what training will help to raise employees’
performance and increases business profitability or not.
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Ethical consideration
It is the main part of the research methodology which describe ethics which a researcher
should follow such that researcher ensure that participants should not subject to harm and also
respect the dignity of research participants. Moreover, make sure that researcher take full consent
of all participants prior to study and also maintain the level of confidentiality as well (Curwood
and et.al., 2019). Data protection act should be followed in which researcher have no right to
share any personal information to the third party. Additionally, make sure that there should not
be any miss-communication between the researcher and participants because it will affect the
overall results of the questions. Lastly, the researcher should make sure that any type of
misleading information as well as representation of primary data findings in a biased way should
be avoided.
Research limitations
As the entire study helps to determine the impact of training in a working area and in the
same way, due to less time, research got affected in opposite way. As a result, it may delay the
entire research and affect the overall working in just adverse manner. Moreover, another
limitation is low resources such that due to advance technology, researcher got confused in the
research outcomes and as a result, it will not generate the best results and affect the entire
research in just opposite way. On the other side, for increasing the scope of project is actually
needs more time and money, that is why, it affects the overall project as well. That is why, by
considering these things a researcher may easily conduct the research in better manner and also
generate best outcomes as well.
Reliability and validity
The validity and reliability is measure by collecting the information from specific books
and journals so that correct information is gather and in turns, it will help to attain defined aim
and objectives. Moreover, researcher also uses secondary research in which articles are used
using specific key terms that helps to conduct the research in better manner. Further, primary
data are also used in order to identify views of different respondents regarding, training creates
direct impact upon the business profitability and employee performance. In addition to this, it is
also analysed that validity of the research may be explained as an extent at which the
22

requirement of scientific research method which are followed during the process to generate
findings. Thus, in the same way, for current research, researcher uses primary and secondary data
collection method to generate valid results.
23

CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
Theme 1: Majority of the respondents’ state that organization provide training to new employees
Does the organization provide training to new employees? Respondents
Yes 21
No 9
Interpretation: From the above graph, it is interpreted that Emirates provide training
session to new employees because out of 30, 21 state yes and only 9 state no. therefore, it clearly
reflects that the company uses effective training programs in order to provide new training skills
to their employees. Further, Miyato and et.al., (2018) stated that using best training session to the
employees will help the business to raise the overall productivity level and as a result, it helps to
increase the performance of the business too. In the same way, Emirates also provides the best
training session to the employees in order to attain the defined goals and as a result, it leads a
business towards further level of success.
24

Theme 2: Emirates uses on the job and off the job training methods
Which of the following training methods does Emirates followed? Respondents
On the job 9
Off the job 8
Both 13
Interpretation: From the above, it is interpreted that majority of the respondents are in
favour that company provides both on the job and off the job training methods to their
employees. Such that out of 30, 13 state that it uses both the methods. The company follow this
policy because off the job training is that method which is undertaken at a site and away from the
actual workplace for some specific time. This method helps to provide a stress free environment
to the employees where the employees may easily concentrate only on learning. While, on the
site job is job rotation and job mentoring so that each and every employee will easily learn every
task of Emirates.
Theme 3: Training methods are done at quarterly basis in Emirates
25

How often the training programs are conducted in an organization? Respondents
Regularly 9
Quarterly 13
Half-yearly 8
Interpretation: From the above graph, it is interpreted that majority of the respondents
are in favour that training methods are done on quarterly basis and also done whenever company
requires. Such that out of 30, 13 state that company should introduce training in every quarter,
while 9 of them state that company should introduce training at regularly basis. Overall, it is
clearly reflected that quoted firm uses best training methods and also perform the same at every
quarter in order to increase the overall productivity of the business as well as employees. From
the literature review section, it is observed that conducting training session monthly will help to
determine which areas of improvements are needed and then management starts working on this.
Theme 4: Emirates consider all the criteria while performing training programs
26

Which of the following criteria is consider while training program are
conducted? Respondents
Performance 5
Seniority 5
Target achieved 4
Test 3
All of these 13
Interpretation: As per the above graph, it is observed that when training programs are
introduced, management of Emirates should consider performance appraisal, seniority, test
because majority of the respondents are in favour of it. Such that out of 30, 13 state that these
should be included while providing effective training session to them, 5 of them state that
performance and seniority should be analysed, while 4 of them state that If an employee did not
achieve defined target, then provide training or 3 respondents state that test should be done
before implementing training programs in order to check the skills. Therefore, it is clearly
27

reflected that by considering all the criteria will help to select the candidate for training. It is
further supported by Otoo and et.al., (2019) that when management of Emirates provide training
session to their employees, they must apply these criteria in order to make sure that training
should implemented within the working place so that it will help to raise the overall
performance of the company.
Theme 5: Majority of the respondents state that training programs are useful for the job
situation
Did you think that training programs are useful for the job situation? Respondents
Strongly agreed 15
Agreed 8
Disagreed 4
Strongly disagreed 3
28

Interpretation: From the above graph, it is interpreted that training programs are useful
for the job situation such that majority of the respondents are strongly agreed that using effective
training programs will help to increase the performance of the company and also creates direct
impact upon profitability too. Out of 30, 15 state that they completely agree with the statement,
while 8 of them are agreed. Therefore, it is further analysed by Zahoor, Muhammad and Ali
(2019) that providing the training session to employees will leads to increased job satisfaction
and morale among employees and also increases employee motivation, in turn it will help to
make employees comfortable within working place so that Emirates provides a range of
innovative products and services to their customers.
Theme 6: Providing training will lead to improved skills, knowledge and change attitude
What are the advantages of having effective training programs in
Emirates? Respondents
Helps to improve skills 4
Aid to improve knowledge 5
Helps to change attitude 7
All of these 14
29

Interpretation: From this question, it is interpreted that providing training programs will
lead to increase the productivity of the employees such that majority of respondents means 14
out of 30 state that through training programs, employees improve own skills, increases
knowledge and also change their attitude (negative to positive). That is why, using best training
methods will assist the employees to accept the working environment and also increases their
overall performance level too. Therefore, it will generate the best results which support the
business to raise towards success. From the literature section, it is also supported by Khan and
Abdullah (2019) that this will increases innovation in strategies and products and also raise
efficiencies in process which results in financial gain too.
Theme 7: Majority of respondents strongly agreed that training programs help to raise
productivity in terms of quality and quantity
Do you agree with the statement that training programs help to raise
productivity in terms of quality and quantity? Respondents
Strongly agreed 15
Agreed 8
Disagreed 4
30

Strongly disagreed 3
Interpretation: As per the above graph, it is interpreted that majority of the respondents
are in favour that training programs help to raise productivity in terms of quality and quantity
such out of 30, 15 strongly agree with the statement while, 4 of them are disagreed. Additionally,
it is also analysed by Larsen (2017) that training did not only fruitful for the employees but it
also helps to maintain positive working environment so that employees feel comfortable and
develop new strategies in order to attain the defined aim and objectives of Emirates. Moreover,
training process also moulds the thinking of employees and leads to quality performance of every
employee so that they will assist to make the business at further level of success.
Theme 8: Range of respondents are satisfied with training programs
After training programs how do you feel the nature of job? Respondents
Challenging 3
31

Satisfactory 21
Good 4
None of these 2
Interpretation: from the graph, and table, it is interpreted that when Emirates provides
training session to their employees, majority of the employees feel satisfied after training, such
that out of 30, 21 state that they are satisfied after getting training while, 3 of them state that it
becomes more challenging to all employees and only 4 state that they feel good. Therefore,
Seidle, Fernandez and Perry (2016) stated that if employee actually enjoyed the training
programs then they definitely feel satisfied because training programs are actually introduced to
make employees motivated and satisfied so that they help team to complete defined task in better
manner. Thus, from this it is clearly reflected that Emirates uses effective training methods to
make their employees satisfied so that they will perform the work in better manner and meet aim
and objectives too.
Theme 9: strategic planning is the area that needs training and development programs
32

Which of the following areas do you think need more development and
training? Respondents
Accounting and business reporting 4
Management fundamentals and performance 5
Strategic planning 18
Office application 3
None of these 0
Interpretation: From the graph, it is interpreted that strategic planning is the challenging
area in which employees of Emirates need training sessions such that out of 30, 18 state that
strategic planning area requires more training sessions while, 5 of them state that management
fundamentals and performance is typical area and only 4 of them state that accounting and
business reporting is challenging area. It is supported by Sundstrom and et.al., (2016) that
strategic planning is the typical area or department where employees need extra skills and
knowledge to develop best planning through which strategy is developed in easy manner.
33

Therefore, it is clearly reflected that by using best training session, employees may increase their
skills and knowledge so that they develop best strategies in order to reach their company at
further level of success.
Theme 10: Respondents that agreed that training programs helpful in career
Do you think that these training programs helpful in your career? Respondents
Yes 28
No 2
Interpretation: From this, it is interpreted that majority of the respondents are in favour
that training programs also help in individual career. Such that out of 30, 28 are in favour while
only 2 are not in favour. Hence, it is further supported by Torraco (2016) that training programs
are not only introduced to improve employee performance but these are also used for personal
assistance as well. For instance, there is a training program introduced to improve the
communication skills for the front office department of Emirates and as a result, these programs
34

also help in their personal and career growth as well. As a result, employees benefit from these
training sessions and assist in their career path as well.
Theme 11: Emirates did not bias while providing training programs
Do you face any bias in Emirates while providing any training methods? Respondents
Yes 4
No 26
Interpretation: From the picture, it is interpreted that while providing training programs,
Emirates did not bias the people on any basis. Such that out of 30 respondents, 26 of them state
no, while only 4 state yes. Therefore, it is reflected that the chances of biasness in Emirates is
low and the company have a brand image at international level and that is why, it is important for
the firm to implement new training sessions as per requirement so that most of the employees
benefit from the training sessions. Moreover, Manresa, Bikfalvi and Simon (2018) stated that a
company should implement strategy and while making decisions, make sure that all the
35

employees are involved so that they also feel that they are important part of the organization. In
turns, it will help to generate positive working environment too.
Theme 12: lack of time management and language barrier is the issue which generally
employees face while providing training programs
What are the issues you face while getting the training programs? Respondents
Language barrier 11
lack of Time management 13
Do not cope up with the engaging learners 5
None of these 1
Interpretation: From the graph, it is interpreted that they also face many issues while
taking part in the training session, such that out of 30, 13 state that lack of time management is
the biggest issue which employees of Emirates face, while 11 of them state that language barrier
is the another issue that employees face. Only 5 of them state that they do not cope with
36

engaging the learner and this Is considered as an issue. Hence, due to lack of time management,
majority of employees feel that it will affect the overall work because these training are
introduced within working time means there is no specific time devoted and that is why,
employees of Emirates feel complexity regarding time management only.
37

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion
From the above, it has been concluded that training and development programs create
direct impact upon business performance and in the same way, it is concluded from the literature
review section. Such that from theme 1, it has been concluded that different authors provide their
views and they all are in favour that every company needs effective training programs so that it
will help to generate best outcomes as well. Theme also concluded different training methods
such that on the board and off the board training methods that provide stress free environment
among employees and also raise employee’s performance too. Moreover, it has been concluded
from the theme 2 that simulation is the best training method which is also used by Emirates in
order to provide training sessions to the pilot to handle different situations while flying
aeroplanes. This method comes under off the job training in order to make the employees free
from outer world pressure. From theme 3, it has been concluded that there is a positive
relationship between organization performance and training programs and it is analysed that
when effective training programs are implemented by the company then the chances of
organization performance will be increased and as a result, company will lead towards success.
From the research methodology section, it is concluded that using qualitative research
approach, researcher may get best results and also answer the research questions as well. Further,
researcher makes sure that using thematic data analysis, can conduct the research in better
manner and as a result, by providing charts, diagrams and tables, researcher able to concluded
the best results and find out there is a direct relationship between the training programs and
organizational performance.
Moreover, from the data analysis section, it has been concluded that majority of the
respondents are in favour that Emirates adopted best training programs in order to improve the
skills of employees so that they will support the business to reach at further level of success.
Further, from the data analysis, it is also find out that employees of Emirates face language
barrier and lack of time management is an issue and that is why, company's management should
take action in order to provide effective training sessions to their employees. Lastly, it is also
38

concluded that majority of the respondents are in favour that using effective training methods,
the company gets positive impact in the terms of its quality and quantity. Also, this section
concluded that these training methods help to improve skills, knowledge and provides positive
working environment within a working area so that all the employees remain satisfied and
support each other to attain the defined aim and objectives.
Recommendation:
Emirate groups is considered to be one of the most renowned aviation companies which
is engaged with around 103,363 employees carrying the business worldwide. As this is such
industry which is to be updated due to changes in time and thus lot of training and changes are to
be adapted in business in respect of moving the business with the latest trends. Thus, by viewing
the challenges which is faced by emirates group in respect of improving the performances of the
organization, the following aspects are to be recommended such as:
 Emirates can apply the AR procedure to ensure more safety and protection of employees
during working hours. As most of the crimes are committed in aviation industry
regarding hacking any flights or transferring any illegal items or also mixing any types of
drugs in eatable products to avail during the flights (Manresa, Bikfalvi and Simon, 2018).
Thus, this activity affects the reputation and image of the Emirates group in respect of
securing the interest of the employees. Thus, by applying the Augmented reality at work
place, secure the health and safety of the employees, and they commit the task in better
way.
 The another factor which should be adapted by emirates group is related to undertaking
the e-training procedure which can be provided in form of e-learning games. As Emirates
group is facing an issue of lack of time management in context of providing training to
every staff on weekly basis. Thus, resulting in gaining lack of knowledge in respect to
performing the task in right manner. In such manner, e- training is useful in respect to
guiding the staff in better perspective as they can learn the technique and methods to
commit the work through online learning. Usually the physicals training not mainly
attract the employees interest in longer way but by learning through e training games,
39

enhanced their interest of learning in faster way and also grab the knowledge and commit
task in right manner.
 It is necessary that employees must perform the task in better way, thus communicating
skills is also to be enhanced, so that every employee are free to share their views with
each other and accomplish such task in better way. The performances of the emirates can
be increased when there is not barrier between any of the employees regarding conveying
their thoughts and ideas freely, thus effective communication is necessary at work place
to resolve all such issues in better way.
40

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APPENDIX
Questionnaire
Name:
Age:
Gender:
1 Does the organization provide training to new employees?
 Yes
 No
2. Which of the following training methods does Emirates follow?
 On the job
 Off the job
 Both
3. How often are the training programs conducted in the organization?
 Regularly
 Quarterly
 Half-yearly
4. Which of the following criteria is consider while training programs are conducted?
 Performance
 Seniority
 Target achieved
 Test
 All of these
5. Did you think that training programs are useful for the job satisfaction?
 Strongly agreed
 Agreed
 Disagreed
44

 Strongly disagreed
6. What is the advantage of having effective training programs in Emirates?
 Helps to improve skills
 Aid to improve knowledge
 Helps to change attitude
 All of these
7. Do you agree with the statement that training programs help to raise productivity in terms of
quality and quantity?
 Strongly agreed
 Agreed
 Disagreed
 Strongly disagreed
8. After training programs how do you find the nature of job?
 Challenging
 Satisfactory
 Good
 None of these
9. Which of the following areas do you think need more development and training?
 Accounting and business reporting
 Management fundamentals and performance
 Strategic planning
 Office application
 None of these
10. Do you think that these training programs are helpful in your career?
 Yes
 No
11. Do you face any bias in Emirates while providing any training methods?
 Yes
45

 No
12. What are the issues you face while getting the training programs?
 Language barrier
 lack of Time management
 Do not cope up with the engaging learners
 None of these
13. Recommend some ways through which Emirates may easily improve its training programs.
46