Leadership Styles and Management Practices

This assignment involves reviewing a series of academic articles and online resources related to leadership styles and management practices. The content includes research papers on topics such as the impact of supply chain management practices on sustainability, effects of leadership style on employee creativity, and the interaction of intellectual capital assets and knowledge management practices in organizational value creation. Online resources provide information on work engagement, confidence-related decision making, teamwork training, and the effectiveness of transformational leadership on organizational performance through knowledge and innovation.

Context of Business

Abstract
This report help to identify the impact of leadership and management practices on
organisational performance. The different kind of leadership style analysed known as autocratic
and democratic. These are used by organisation to complete the vision of an organisation within
stipulated period of time.
The management practice which is used by an organisation drive the performance of
employees and motivates then in positive manner is known as bureaucratic.
Application of all thee approaches help organisation accomplish their stated objectives

Table of Contents
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Company Background .....................................................................................................3
1.2 Rationale...........................................................................................................................4
2. Literature Review ........................................................................................................................5
2.1 Leadership Style ..............................................................................................................5
2.2 Management Practice .....................................................................................................5
2.3 Focus on any 3 from (Motivation and rewards, Groups and Teams, Decision Making,
Structure, Culture) (Engagement and motivation, 2014).......................................................7
3. Analysis........................................................................................................................................8
4. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................9
5. Recommendation ......................................................................................................................10
6. REFERNCES ......................................................................................................................11
.......................................................................................................................................................12

1. Introduction
Leadership is an important component for organisation which helps business to
maximise their efficiency and to achieve goal. In the absence of effective leadership, no
company can accomplish their pre determined goal and business objective (Albrecht and et. al.,
2015). An organisation is formed with a purpose to achieve high productivity and profitability
through manpower. In context to Morrisons, a largest chain of supermarket in UK which is
founded in the year of 1899. It provides range of products such as clothing, food & drink, books
etc. and serves across the globe. This report covers the influence of leadership style, management
practices and strategies on business in order to achieve organisational goal effectively and
efficiently.
1.1 Company Background
Morrison is one of the leading company in retail industry which was established in the
year of 1899 by William Morrison. Its headquarter in England, UK and it is regarded as fourth
largest chain of supermarket in UK (Berger, Silbiger, Herstein and Barnes, 2015). The company
made continuous growth and expansion as it provides varies range of products like groceries,
food & drink, clothing, health & beauty etc. Company serves customers across the UK through
approximately 500 stores and online delivery services with 105,487 employees who contribute
their full effort to provide beat quality to customer. .
1.2 Rationale
The main purpose of selecting Morrison company is that they are customer centric as it
considered their people a great asset for the expansion of company. They mainly focus on being
integrity, trustworthy and easily accessible to customers in order to provide high satisfaction to
customer. (Donate and de Pablo, 2015). Morrison follows opportunist style of leadership as it
leaders always seek for enormous opportunities to grow by acquisition with Safewy which
improves its productivity and profitability. Their employees satisfaction level is high as Morrison
has fair reward system which builds the better relationship among employees. Apart from
this, their current strategy or goal is mainly focus on freshness, value and services in order to
become one of the nationwide grocery retailer. (Govindan, Azevedo, Carvalho and Cruz-
Machado, 2014).Morrisons has advanced system of they innovative technology which tbey

impleid in its all business function i.e. Information Technology, Human Resource Management,
Accounting, Marketing which enable them to ar to obtain high profitability and productivity.
2. Literature Review
2.1 Leadership Style
As per the views of Victor. J. Garcia Morales (copyright @2019), Leadership is a social
influence in which leader delegates or inspire followers to act or to carry out the business
objectives effectively and efficiently (The Effects of Transformational Leadership on
Organizational Performance through Knowledge and Innovation. 2017). In the current scenario,
every organisation requires effective leaders who understands and manage the complex situation
of global business environment (Herrmann and Felfe, 14). If the task is highly structured or
systematic and the leader has good relationship with employees, effectiveness will be high on the
part of subordinates. High leadership indexes is not related to past performance rather it is
associated with the potentiality of leader in managing a handling the complex situation.
However, Morrisons has leader's has effective leadership style i.e. opportunist style as they
adopt the available opportunities in order to improve the productivity and performance. By this,
they are enable to inspire their followers and to accomplish the pre determined goal effectively
and efficiently. Some of the leadership style which is implies by leaders in order to attain high
productivity are transformational and transactional style, charismatic style, democratic and
autocratic style etc. Among the various leadership style each of its contain unique characteristic,
role, purpose in order to build better relationship with employees and gain competitive advantage
(Iivari and et. al., 2016). The vision of Morrisons is to offer quality of product and always be
easily accessible to customer in order to gain customer trust and faith. Hence, the leadership of
Morrison is flexible in nature and can take effective decisions which improves the satisfaction
level and morale of employees.
2.2 Management Practice
As per the views of Danae. F. Sfantou, 2017, In the present scenario of every
organisation require or desire for effective or impressive leadership and management which
enable the company to foster innovation to achieve organisational goal. Sometime company fails
to achieve sustainable competitive advantage due to their limited understanding of the

relationship between strategic variables. For overcoming those shortcomings, an organisation
adapts effective leadership style and management practices i.e. the working methods and
innovations that managers or leader use to improve the effectiveness of work system. There are
many ways to lead and every leader has their own style (Kianto, Ritala, Spender and Vanhala,
2014). Some of them are autocratic, bureaucratic, democratic, lasses- faire etc. which defines the
potentiality or capability of leader in handling complex situation or management conflicts that
directly impact the productivity company.
Autocratic management practice considered as one of the classical approach in which
manager retains as much power and decision- making authority as possible. In this, manager
does not consult employees, nor are they allowed to give their opinion or views in organisation
matter rather they are just expect to obey orders without receiving any explanation. On the other
hand, democratic management practice is also called participative style as it encourages
employees to be a part of decision making which improves the morale of employees.
Bureaucratic management signifies that manager manage the business function by books
i.e. procedure and policies as they mainly focus on enforcing the rules and regulation for
company. As there are different types of leadership style and all have advantage and
disadvantage and each leadership is situational. In relation to Morrisons, they have effective and
impressive management practices as they provide the equal platforms to their employees and
identify their potentiality in order to improve their performance as well as enhance their morale.
2.3 Focus on any 3 from (Motivation and rewards, Groups and Teams, Decision Making,
Structure, Culture)
As per the views of John Sylvester, 2014, Organisation need employees who are
committed in their work so that they can contribute to the survival of the organisation in the
marketplace competition. (Ramadani, Dana, Ratten and Tahiri, 2015). ((Engagement and
motivation, 2014)). Motivation plays a vital role in every organisation as it refers as the process
of stimulating people to actions to accomplish the goal in order to gain high productivity and
profitability. Motivation through reward is crucial importance as it encourages employees to
produce better output. There are several types of motivation stimulator which encourage the
employees to perform better i.e. salary incentive, benefit, bonus etc. which results in high
attainment of profit maximisation.

As per the views of Desmond McEwan, 2017, Group is a collection of individuals who
coordinate their individual effort on the other hand team is a group of people who share a
common purpose and a number of challenging goals (Renko, Tarabishy, Carsrud and Brännback,
2015). Members of the team are mutually committed towards goal and to each other which
enable them to attain high profitability (Importance of Leadership Style towards Quality of Care
Measures in Healthcare Settings, 2017).
As per the views of Andrea Insabato, copyright @ 2019, Decision making is an integral
part of an management which produce high level of satisfaction among employees . It is a
process of making choices by identifying the complex issue and provide effective solutions
which helps the company to enrich their business in a global environment.
However, Morrisons gives importance to adapting opportunity which enable the employees to
improve their capabilities and build better relationship. By this they are able to reduce the
conflict of interest and create a better working culture in order to tto gain competitive
advantage.
3. Analysis
From the above mentioned strategies it has been analysed that effective leadership style,
motivational technique and decision making enable the Morrisons to accomplish high level of
profitability and productivity. If employees are highly satisfied with working culture of
workplace then they contribute their best effort towards the achievement of pre determined
goal.Company always seek for opportunities and provide employees enormous platform in order
to perform their potentiality or capability in an effective manner (Strom, Sears and Kelly, 2014).
Furthermore, teamwork is also an important component for the growth of company in which
group of individuals come together to perform a common task which build a better relationship
and improves the performance of company. Morrisons leadership behaviour has highly impact
on trust and satisfaction of employees towards organisational culture which creates the better
relationship between organisational culture and leader. Along with this its leaders are highly
dedicated to encourage its employees by putting their best effort towards the accomplishment of
organisational goal. Motivation plays a significant role in the employees satisfaction, as

Morrison treat its employees equally and provide fair reward which generate positive attitude
among them towards the organisation. Furthermore, they believes that more than an individual
performance group or team performance is highly effective and productive as it provide the
platform to employees to share their opinion or ideas. By this they are able to build or create
effective relationship between employee and leader which reduces the dissatisfaction among
subordinates. It's leaders has a personal relationship with employees in which one directs,
coordinates and supervises the employees performance in order to attain high proficiency. Along
with this company should have effective motivational factor or stimulator who encourage the
employees to accomplish their task or goal in a given time with best quality. However, monetary
incentive plays an important role in Morrisons which provide qualitative workforce and high
profitability. Hence, an effective group or team to shape the priorities and to achieve pre
determined goal.
Morrisons management style is effective as it enable its employees to performs routine
task over and over, need to understand certain procedures and policies regarding firm but it
provides some difficulties like subordinates lose their interest in performing the same type of
work over period of time. It produces high quality and quantity work for longer time, in return of
that they gain employees trust, respond with cooperation, team spirit and high morale (Lieder
and Rashid, 2016). Thus, it is considered as an effective management style as its offer guidance
to group members, but they also participate in the group and allow input from other group
members. They have their own set of trends in supermarket across the UK which makes them
different among competitors like providing free Wi-Fi, daily laundry facility, comfortable and
homelike cafe, more varieties of snacks & foods. Moreover, Morrisons is organised most of its
commercial business operations in house including processing, production, packaging,
distribution and transportation. Thus, manufacturing by its own enable them to control or
manage effectively over its operation and make them a powerful player in the market. Along
with this, its motivation environment is produced by creating a structured set of rewards and
punishment in order to achieve organisational objective effectively and efficiently. As compare
to other competitors, they offer their product in an affordable price which becomes their main
factor in gaining the attraction of customer and able to sustain in market competition. Hence,
Morrison is very dedicated and passionate as they provide the freedom to customer to share their
opinions regarding its service and company makes changes.

4. Conclusion
From the above mentioned report it has been concluded that leadership plays a crucial
role in the enlargement of company and each of the leadership style has different purpose,
characteristics and features. Some of the leadership style such as autocratic, democratic,
bureaucratic which pays their unique role towards the attainment of pre determined goal. Along
with this, one of the main factor which an organisation should consider i.e. motivation and
reward as it includes monetary and non-monetary benefits. By this, employees can contribute
their best effort towards the company's objective. Apart from this, company's philosophy or
ethical value provide outstanding value for money, unbeatable customer service and pleasant
shopping experience for gaining competitive advantage. Therefore, every employees requires a
proper direction and motivation which enable them to contribute their best effort towards the
goal. An organisation should offer enough opportunities and identify employees strength or
potentiality, so that they can improve their overall performance . Along with this, manager
provide their subordinates a proper training and development tools to enhance their skill which
improves the morale of employees and increase their satisfaction level. By this company are
able to reduce the employee turnover and can increase the profitability and productivity.
5. Recommendation
From the above discussed report it has been recommended that every organisation should
have effective leader and manager who has the potential to influence or inspire the employees
towards the pre determined objective. Leader should be able to handle all complex situation and
can take productive or fair decisions without harming the morale of employees in order to gain
the satisfaction level of employees. Apart from this, manager should create better working
condition so that employees can contribute their effort in order to accomplish high sales or
output. Furthermore, they should give motivation to employees in order to get better output and
high productivity. In order to improve the company's efficiency they should always seek for
opportunity and provide the platforms to employees in order to improve their hidden skills or
talents. By this employees will be able to face the challenges or threat which enhance their
potentiality and enable the company to accomplish maximisation of profit. Furthermore, an
organisation should have effective and impressive leadership style which builds or create the
better relationship among employee and employer. Hence, company should be flexible in nature

as they should always be open in adapting opportunity in order to increase productivity and gain
competitive advantage.

6. REFERNCES
Books & journals
Albrecht, S. L and et. al., 2015. Employee engagement, human resource management practices
and competitive advantage: An integrated approach. Journal of Organizational
Effectiveness: People and Performance. 2(1). pp.7-35.
Berger, R., Silbiger, A., Herstein, R. and Barnes, B. R., 2015. Analyzing business-to-business
relationships in an Arab context. Journal of World Business. 50(3). pp.454-464.
Cheng, C. C., Yang, C. L. and Sheu, C., 2014. The link between eco-innovation and business
performance: a Taiwanese industry context. Journal of Cleaner Production. 64. pp.81-90.
Donate, M. J. and de Pablo, J. D. S., 2015. The role of knowledge-oriented leadership in
knowledge management practices and innovation. Journal of Business Research. 68(2).
pp.360-370.
Govindan, K., Azevedo, S. G., Carvalho, H. and Cruz-Machado, V., 2014. Impact of supply
chain management practices on sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production. 85.
pp.212-225.
Herrmann, D. and Felfe, J., 2014. Effects of leadership style, creativity technique and personal
initiative on employee creativity. British Journal of Management. 25(2). pp.209-227.
Iivari, M .M and et. al., 2016. Toward ecosystemic business models in the context of industrial
internet. Journal of Business Models, 4(2).
Kianto, A., Ritala, P., Spender, J. C. and Vanhala, M., 2014. The interaction of intellectual
capital assets and knowledge management practices in organizational value creation.
Journal of Intellectual capital. 15(3). pp.362-375.
Lieder, M. and Rashid, A., 2016. Towards circular economy implementation: a comprehensive
review in context of manufacturing industry. Journal of cleaner production. 115. pp.36-
51.
Ramadani, V., Dana, L. P., Ratten, V. and Tahiri, S., 2015. The context of Islamic
entrepreneurship and business: Concept, principles and perspectives. International
Journal of Business and Globalisation. 15(3). pp.244-261.
Renko, M., El Tarabishy, A., Carsrud, A. L. and Brännback, M., 2015. Understanding and
measuring entrepreneurial leadership style. Journal of Small Business Management.
53(1). pp.54-74.
Strom, D. L., Sears, K. L. and Kelly, K. M., 2014. Work engagement: The roles of
organizational justice and leadership style in predicting engagement among employees.
Journal of leadership & organizational studies. 21(1). pp.71-82.
Online
Confidence-Related Decision Making. 2019. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/jn.01068.2009>.
Engagement and motivation. 2014 [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.trainingjournal.com/articles/feature/engagement-and-motivation>.
Importance of Leadership Style towards Quality of Care Measures in Healthcare Settings. 2017.
[Online]. Available through:
<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5746707/>.

The Effectiveness of Teamwork Training on Teamwork Behaviours and Team Performance.
2017. [Online]. Available through: <https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?
id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169604>.
The Effects of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance through Knowledge
and Innovation. 2017. [Online]. Available through:
<https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2007.00547.x>.