Impact of Social Media Marketing on Consumer Buying Behavior in Travel and Tourism
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This research project critically evaluates the impact of social media marketing on consumer buying behavior within the travel and tourism industry. It explores how social media platforms influence online ticket purchasing decisions, analyzes consumer responses and challenges, and examines the evolving marketing landscape in the tourism sector. The study utilizes both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods, including surveys and literature reviews, to understand the role of social media in shaping consumer preferences and travel choices.
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RESEARCH PROJECT
ASSESS AND EVALUATE THE IMPACTS OF THE
SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING ON CONSUMERS'
BUYING BEHAVIOR IN TRAVEL AND TOURISM
INDUSTRY.
2018
1/1/2018
ASSESS AND EVALUATE THE IMPACTS OF THE
SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING ON CONSUMERS'
BUYING BEHAVIOR IN TRAVEL AND TOURISM
INDUSTRY.
2018
1/1/2018
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1
INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism is one of the most prominent sectors through which exchange of
information and communication process is developed broadly. Communication platforms
provided through social media is re-evaluated here by influencing the purchasing decisions of
the consumer. The basic assumptions regarding the changes in the travel and tourism sector
are challenged with the extent and implications of the changes on the consumer (Bilgihan, et al.
2016). As with the fast development in the travel and tourism sector, the use of the social
media has also promoted the services and approaches the target audience through social
media marketing.
It has been examined that social media has dramatically changed the buying behaviour of the
consumer through which travel-related products are also encountered. There has been a
different measure through which the online means of marketing is promoted. It involves blogs,
Facebook campaigns, Twitter promotion, through an online review and foremost thing is
gathering customer feedback through online means and resolving them effectively.
2
Travel and tourism is one of the most prominent sectors through which exchange of
information and communication process is developed broadly. Communication platforms
provided through social media is re-evaluated here by influencing the purchasing decisions of
the consumer. The basic assumptions regarding the changes in the travel and tourism sector
are challenged with the extent and implications of the changes on the consumer (Bilgihan, et al.
2016). As with the fast development in the travel and tourism sector, the use of the social
media has also promoted the services and approaches the target audience through social
media marketing.
It has been examined that social media has dramatically changed the buying behaviour of the
consumer through which travel-related products are also encountered. There has been a
different measure through which the online means of marketing is promoted. It involves blogs,
Facebook campaigns, Twitter promotion, through an online review and foremost thing is
gathering customer feedback through online means and resolving them effectively.
2
TASK 1 RESEARCH PLANNING
1.1. FORMULATE AND RECORD POSSIBLE RESEARCH PROJECT OUTLINE
SPECIFICATIONS
INTRODUCTION
The Internet has played a vital role in shifting the way of communicating with the others and
promoting the business measures. It is considered as one of the effective and most broadly
supported measures of evaluating the traditionally shifted interactive based sites and
expressing themselves in a new means of communicating with the consumers (Ayeh, 2015).
Today, the development of the communication technologies has increased the rate of usage of
internet and other web tools. Social Media has become a marketing tool for travel and tourism
industry along with other fields. The consumers are heavily impacted by the contents which are
published on the social media.
The recent emergence of the online social networks has influenced the consumer decision
making. Consumers feel safe and try to imitate others behaviour. The tendency to believe and
recommend the same means to communicate with others is a part of the living structure of the
people. Some of them use Facebook or Instagram, Twitter or MySpace some of the widely used
social media sites which allow people to influence their vacation marks and experiences to the
places. In Travel and tourism, generally, the marketing and promotion have been relied on the
word of mouth technology to influence the consumer behaviour (Cantallops and Salvi, 2014).
With the drastic use of the tool like Social Media, Word of Mouth (WOM) has been promoted
and provides the travellers with a gateway to share their experiences and opinion which
booking the tickets through the online means. On One hand, the social media has created a
wide channel for marketing and on the other hand, it has changed the methods of the
customer’s determination and leisure’s in travelling.
It has been experienced by different researchers that the effect of the social media marketing
has influence social media usage on online reviews in the travel planning process. However, it
3
1.1. FORMULATE AND RECORD POSSIBLE RESEARCH PROJECT OUTLINE
SPECIFICATIONS
INTRODUCTION
The Internet has played a vital role in shifting the way of communicating with the others and
promoting the business measures. It is considered as one of the effective and most broadly
supported measures of evaluating the traditionally shifted interactive based sites and
expressing themselves in a new means of communicating with the consumers (Ayeh, 2015).
Today, the development of the communication technologies has increased the rate of usage of
internet and other web tools. Social Media has become a marketing tool for travel and tourism
industry along with other fields. The consumers are heavily impacted by the contents which are
published on the social media.
The recent emergence of the online social networks has influenced the consumer decision
making. Consumers feel safe and try to imitate others behaviour. The tendency to believe and
recommend the same means to communicate with others is a part of the living structure of the
people. Some of them use Facebook or Instagram, Twitter or MySpace some of the widely used
social media sites which allow people to influence their vacation marks and experiences to the
places. In Travel and tourism, generally, the marketing and promotion have been relied on the
word of mouth technology to influence the consumer behaviour (Cantallops and Salvi, 2014).
With the drastic use of the tool like Social Media, Word of Mouth (WOM) has been promoted
and provides the travellers with a gateway to share their experiences and opinion which
booking the tickets through the online means. On One hand, the social media has created a
wide channel for marketing and on the other hand, it has changed the methods of the
customer’s determination and leisure’s in travelling.
It has been experienced by different researchers that the effect of the social media marketing
has influence social media usage on online reviews in the travel planning process. However, it
3
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has impacted the travel-related purchasing decision of the consumers (Nadeem, et al. 2015).
The social media activities have five different purposes - listening, energizing, talking,
supporting and managing through which the travel and tourism organisations link it to their
marketing and sales measures.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of the research presents the critical evaluation of the impact of the social media
marketing on the buying behaviour of the consumers belonging to travel and tourism sector
(Couture, et al. 2015). The research will also gain the information about the different means of
the social media tools used for communicating with the consumers in order to access the
impact of social media on the consumer behaviour.
The key objectives to conduct the research are encountered with the influence of the social
media marketing in the entire research which can be targeted as:
To understand the buying behaviour of the consumers in travel and tourism sector
Impact of Social Media marketing has on the consumer's Online ticket purchasing
decisions
Analysing the Consumer responses, challenges and changes in the marketing that took
place in the tourism sector
A number of initiatives have been recorded in order to maintain the wide range of use of social
media technologies in travel and tourism sector (Öz, 2015).
4
The social media activities have five different purposes - listening, energizing, talking,
supporting and managing through which the travel and tourism organisations link it to their
marketing and sales measures.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of the research presents the critical evaluation of the impact of the social media
marketing on the buying behaviour of the consumers belonging to travel and tourism sector
(Couture, et al. 2015). The research will also gain the information about the different means of
the social media tools used for communicating with the consumers in order to access the
impact of social media on the consumer behaviour.
The key objectives to conduct the research are encountered with the influence of the social
media marketing in the entire research which can be targeted as:
To understand the buying behaviour of the consumers in travel and tourism sector
Impact of Social Media marketing has on the consumer's Online ticket purchasing
decisions
Analysing the Consumer responses, challenges and changes in the marketing that took
place in the tourism sector
A number of initiatives have been recorded in order to maintain the wide range of use of social
media technologies in travel and tourism sector (Öz, 2015).
4
1.2 IDENTIFY THE FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE PROCESS OF
RESEARCH PROJECT SELECTION
SELECTION OF THE PROJECT
The selection of the research topic plays a vital role as the base of the research and key aspects
require good information for the conducting research. Hereby, the influence of the consumer
behaviour enriches the standards to use social media marketing for promoting sales of the
organisation (Jin and Phua, 2016). The use of this technology provides the regular set of
increment in the people travelling from one place to another.
DATA COLLECTION
The study refers to both qualitative and quantitative means of collecting the data. The
information which is intervened provides a wide range of supporting the use of the social media
marketing tools. The choice of actions needs the demand for the product and services. The
demand for the social media marketing is at high peak as the consumer behaviour is affected by
the perceptions presented to them (Song and Yoo, 2016). The reviews blog present on the
online sites provides the details of any product or services offered by any travel and tourism
company are categorize under good, bad and excellent measures. It is necessary to analyse the
behaviour practices that are performed under the influence of social media marketing and
another measure to improve the impact in the positive manner.
GRASP INFORMATION AND MATTER
The information gathered from the online portal sites related to travel and tourism sector.
Acquiring the information through journals, articles, academic review, Campaigns blogs of the
tourism industry and other sources such as newspaper, magazines can subject to the influence
of the use of the social media marketing (Fotis, 2015). The matter that will be recorded conveys
the depth understanding of the topic of research and key terms areas. The key terms involved
in the research are- social media marketing, consumer behaviour, the influence of technology
and other.
5
RESEARCH PROJECT SELECTION
SELECTION OF THE PROJECT
The selection of the research topic plays a vital role as the base of the research and key aspects
require good information for the conducting research. Hereby, the influence of the consumer
behaviour enriches the standards to use social media marketing for promoting sales of the
organisation (Jin and Phua, 2016). The use of this technology provides the regular set of
increment in the people travelling from one place to another.
DATA COLLECTION
The study refers to both qualitative and quantitative means of collecting the data. The
information which is intervened provides a wide range of supporting the use of the social media
marketing tools. The choice of actions needs the demand for the product and services. The
demand for the social media marketing is at high peak as the consumer behaviour is affected by
the perceptions presented to them (Song and Yoo, 2016). The reviews blog present on the
online sites provides the details of any product or services offered by any travel and tourism
company are categorize under good, bad and excellent measures. It is necessary to analyse the
behaviour practices that are performed under the influence of social media marketing and
another measure to improve the impact in the positive manner.
GRASP INFORMATION AND MATTER
The information gathered from the online portal sites related to travel and tourism sector.
Acquiring the information through journals, articles, academic review, Campaigns blogs of the
tourism industry and other sources such as newspaper, magazines can subject to the influence
of the use of the social media marketing (Fotis, 2015). The matter that will be recorded conveys
the depth understanding of the topic of research and key terms areas. The key terms involved
in the research are- social media marketing, consumer behaviour, the influence of technology
and other.
5
GOAL AND MISSION
The goal is to gain the framework on the social media marketing as the effective technology and
its impact on the consumer behaviour. It has been experienced that the travel and tourism
industries such as British Airways, Virgin Airlines and many other uses this technology to attract
people for Online Ticket Booking. The involvement of the group of people who loves to travel in
abundance and the people those who rarely interact through social media tools are focused to
understand their buying experiences (Blumberg, et al. 2014). The people belonging to the UK
and other regions are focused to attain the goals and mission of the research.
REFERENCE
Good understanding of the perceptions of the people buying behaviour is presented. This is
mostly preferred with the travel and tourism courses encountered in the colleges. This portrays
the data of understanding the subject of the research.
ETHICAL ISSUES
Hacking of the online ids of the consumers and other measures are a concern which emphasis
on the virtues of the task performed in the project (Mang, et al. 2016).
TIME SPAN
It majorly depends on an understanding of the consumer behaviour.
6
The goal is to gain the framework on the social media marketing as the effective technology and
its impact on the consumer behaviour. It has been experienced that the travel and tourism
industries such as British Airways, Virgin Airlines and many other uses this technology to attract
people for Online Ticket Booking. The involvement of the group of people who loves to travel in
abundance and the people those who rarely interact through social media tools are focused to
understand their buying experiences (Blumberg, et al. 2014). The people belonging to the UK
and other regions are focused to attain the goals and mission of the research.
REFERENCE
Good understanding of the perceptions of the people buying behaviour is presented. This is
mostly preferred with the travel and tourism courses encountered in the colleges. This portrays
the data of understanding the subject of the research.
ETHICAL ISSUES
Hacking of the online ids of the consumers and other measures are a concern which emphasis
on the virtues of the task performed in the project (Mang, et al. 2016).
TIME SPAN
It majorly depends on an understanding of the consumer behaviour.
6
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1.3. UNDERTAKE A CRITICAL REVIEW OF KEY REFERENCES
Hudson and Thal, (2013) have depicted that the social media impact on the consumer buying
decision-making process in the Tourism Sector. It has been observed that the social media has
drastically changed the consumer perceptions through which more sophisticated means of
decisions benefit the social media engagements. It enables the savvy tourism to be the part of
providing suggestions and rapid change in the digital environment. The consumer's purchase
decisions are affected due to change in the market entrainments. The purchases are often
maintained through narrowing choices and subtract brands from the group. The purchase is
self-initiated and measured on the shared experiences with online means of relating social
media as the effective tools. There are four stages through which the consumer decision
making is highly influenced. They are: Considerations, evaluations, buying and enjoying or
advocate (Hudson and Thal, 2013). Social media help in evaluating the relevant importance of
the marketers that have to compete for gaining attention from the online long purchase
decisions.
It has been recognizing that the importance of the Zero Moment of Truth can be coined with
the attention of online long-term purchase decision. Online brand communities are providing a
set of activities that are bound to be structured as the part of the relationships among the
admirers and brand. It generally emerges with the growth of the consumers and empowers
them to express their views towards the brand. It helps in expressing and fostering towards
brand loyalty. A research is suggested to have a passive role towards the facilitating change in
the brand community (Hudson and Thal, 2013). For example- Walt Disney World Mom’s panel
this asked “Moms “some questions about family vacations and considered that this place is best
as for the Disney products.
The applications to visit different places and develop the consumer decision in the tourism
section are avail by some of the organisations. Those organisations are Visit Britain, Vail
Resorts, Disney and KLM which embraces positive effect on the social media. It has been
accounted that the social media is still facing less than 1 percent of the market budget in
interacting with the consumers. However, different modes were assembled while focusing on
7
Hudson and Thal, (2013) have depicted that the social media impact on the consumer buying
decision-making process in the Tourism Sector. It has been observed that the social media has
drastically changed the consumer perceptions through which more sophisticated means of
decisions benefit the social media engagements. It enables the savvy tourism to be the part of
providing suggestions and rapid change in the digital environment. The consumer's purchase
decisions are affected due to change in the market entrainments. The purchases are often
maintained through narrowing choices and subtract brands from the group. The purchase is
self-initiated and measured on the shared experiences with online means of relating social
media as the effective tools. There are four stages through which the consumer decision
making is highly influenced. They are: Considerations, evaluations, buying and enjoying or
advocate (Hudson and Thal, 2013). Social media help in evaluating the relevant importance of
the marketers that have to compete for gaining attention from the online long purchase
decisions.
It has been recognizing that the importance of the Zero Moment of Truth can be coined with
the attention of online long-term purchase decision. Online brand communities are providing a
set of activities that are bound to be structured as the part of the relationships among the
admirers and brand. It generally emerges with the growth of the consumers and empowers
them to express their views towards the brand. It helps in expressing and fostering towards
brand loyalty. A research is suggested to have a passive role towards the facilitating change in
the brand community (Hudson and Thal, 2013). For example- Walt Disney World Mom’s panel
this asked “Moms “some questions about family vacations and considered that this place is best
as for the Disney products.
The applications to visit different places and develop the consumer decision in the tourism
section are avail by some of the organisations. Those organisations are Visit Britain, Vail
Resorts, Disney and KLM which embraces positive effect on the social media. It has been
accounted that the social media is still facing less than 1 percent of the market budget in
interacting with the consumers. However, different modes were assembled while focusing on
7
how to allocate the media preferences (Hudson and Thal, 2013). Thus, a large proportion of the
marketing budget is invested in the social media promotion as it influences billions of users and
provides an advantage to the different organisation.
8
marketing budget is invested in the social media promotion as it influences billions of users and
provides an advantage to the different organisation.
8
1.4 PRODUCE A RESEARCH PROJECT SPECIFICATION
INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC
The social networking sites have brought the change in consumer’s behaviour. It has influenced
the travelling behaviour of the consumer through expanding both web-based and traditional
organisation potential customer. There are different environmental factors which make online
travel means easy for the potential customer (Couture, et al. 2015). The world of commerce is
based on the electronic means to increase the number of potential opportunities which are
associated with the increasing the advantage of medium for market communication.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The research aims at providing a ratio for the number of people those who are involved in the
Online booking of their tickets to travel from one place to another with the help of social
media. The social media plays a vital role in generating a perspective towards which product or
services are better for the human. It has also influenced the buying behaviour of the
organisation. Based on the review and some of the experiences are shared by the user’s impact
on human behaviour. Social media is a wide platform for communicating to others this has
been presented through using primary and secondary data approach (Fotis, 2015). The rate of
online ticket booking by the customers is affected which can be turned into attracting medium
through presenting the group non-users of the social media to generate their accounts and
develop better results.
METHODOLOGY
The impact of the social media on the tourism is analysed by the secondary research and other
literature review measures. While the Qualitative method is used in order to gain the
information of the people operating the social media sites and other online means are collected
by gathering the information through conducting a survey (Eriksson and Kovalainen, 2015).
DATA COLLECTION METHOD
9
INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC
The social networking sites have brought the change in consumer’s behaviour. It has influenced
the travelling behaviour of the consumer through expanding both web-based and traditional
organisation potential customer. There are different environmental factors which make online
travel means easy for the potential customer (Couture, et al. 2015). The world of commerce is
based on the electronic means to increase the number of potential opportunities which are
associated with the increasing the advantage of medium for market communication.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The research aims at providing a ratio for the number of people those who are involved in the
Online booking of their tickets to travel from one place to another with the help of social
media. The social media plays a vital role in generating a perspective towards which product or
services are better for the human. It has also influenced the buying behaviour of the
organisation. Based on the review and some of the experiences are shared by the user’s impact
on human behaviour. Social media is a wide platform for communicating to others this has
been presented through using primary and secondary data approach (Fotis, 2015). The rate of
online ticket booking by the customers is affected which can be turned into attracting medium
through presenting the group non-users of the social media to generate their accounts and
develop better results.
METHODOLOGY
The impact of the social media on the tourism is analysed by the secondary research and other
literature review measures. While the Qualitative method is used in order to gain the
information of the people operating the social media sites and other online means are collected
by gathering the information through conducting a survey (Eriksson and Kovalainen, 2015).
DATA COLLECTION METHOD
9
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The data collected considers the group based survey of 25 people who are non-users of the
social media and 25 users of the social media. The marketing is influenced by attracting the
non-users towards the use of these platforms (Bryman and Bell, 2015). The research presents
the level of satisfaction and increasing the sales of the online tickets through social media
marketing.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
The respondents belong to local community groups whose data must remain confidential while
surveying. The questions asked to the people do not hurt their sentiments regarding their
purchasing nature as some can belong to the rich class and others to lower middle class or
ascertain (Filieri and McLeay, 2014). The online accounts of the users must not be affected with
this.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
It is highly recommended the preference book the tickets online through social media can
enrich the marketing measures. It also helps in providing better quality products and services to
the users (Milano, et al. 2011). Thus, reviews towards the considerate product can impact on
the consumers buying decisions.
10
social media and 25 users of the social media. The marketing is influenced by attracting the
non-users towards the use of these platforms (Bryman and Bell, 2015). The research presents
the level of satisfaction and increasing the sales of the online tickets through social media
marketing.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
The respondents belong to local community groups whose data must remain confidential while
surveying. The questions asked to the people do not hurt their sentiments regarding their
purchasing nature as some can belong to the rich class and others to lower middle class or
ascertain (Filieri and McLeay, 2014). The online accounts of the users must not be affected with
this.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
It is highly recommended the preference book the tickets online through social media can
enrich the marketing measures. It also helps in providing better quality products and services to
the users (Milano, et al. 2011). Thus, reviews towards the considerate product can impact on
the consumers buying decisions.
10
1.5 PROVIDE AN APPROPRIATE PLAN AND PROCEDURES FOR THE AGREED
RESEARCH SPECIFICATION
PARTICULARS RESEARCH PLAN TIME TAKEN (IN WEEKS)
A. IDEA GENERATION AND
PLANNING OF THE RESEARCH
3 WEEK
B. LITERATURE REVIEW
COMPLETION, DISTRIBUTION
OF CONSENT LETTER AND
QUESTIONNAIRES AND
PREPARATION
4 WEEK
C. DATA COLLECTION METHODS
AND RESPONSES
2 WEEK
D. RECORD RESPONSES OF
ONLINE USERS
2 WEEK
E. DATA ANALYSIS 2 WEEK
F. INTERVENED CONCLUSION
AND RESULT AND FINAL
REPORT/CONCLUSION
3 WEEK
(Eriksson and Kovalainen, 2015)
11
RESEARCH SPECIFICATION
PARTICULARS RESEARCH PLAN TIME TAKEN (IN WEEKS)
A. IDEA GENERATION AND
PLANNING OF THE RESEARCH
3 WEEK
B. LITERATURE REVIEW
COMPLETION, DISTRIBUTION
OF CONSENT LETTER AND
QUESTIONNAIRES AND
PREPARATION
4 WEEK
C. DATA COLLECTION METHODS
AND RESPONSES
2 WEEK
D. RECORD RESPONSES OF
ONLINE USERS
2 WEEK
E. DATA ANALYSIS 2 WEEK
F. INTERVENED CONCLUSION
AND RESULT AND FINAL
REPORT/CONCLUSION
3 WEEK
(Eriksson and Kovalainen, 2015)
11
TASK 2 RESEARCH IMPLEMENTATION
2.1 MATCH RESOURCES EFFICIENTLY TO THE RESEARCH QUESTION OR
HYPOTHESIS
The tourism industries mainly rely on the communication made through technologies for
conducting promotional activities and sales. While developing the relationship with the
customer it is necessary to give importance to the consumer choice of preference to visit a
particular destination. The final decision will be confined by the tourist through their
interpersonal influence of dealing with the tourism market (Fotis, 2015). The segmentation of
the market provides the range of growing number of tourist and use of the modern digital
media to book their tickets while they are travelling from one place to another. It has been
observed that the emergence to the strongly influenced and transformed travel decision
making process can provide 50% of people preferred to download travel application through
which they can book their tickets (Jin and Phua, 2016). Internet technologies have referred to
many social media means such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and others.
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
H0: Social media impacts positively on the consumers buying behaviour
H1: Social media has negatively impacted on the buying behaviour of the consumers
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. Which social media sites reference do you use to book a ticket online?
Twitter
Facebook
Instagram
Tumblr
Snapchat
2. To which age group do you belong?
12
2.1 MATCH RESOURCES EFFICIENTLY TO THE RESEARCH QUESTION OR
HYPOTHESIS
The tourism industries mainly rely on the communication made through technologies for
conducting promotional activities and sales. While developing the relationship with the
customer it is necessary to give importance to the consumer choice of preference to visit a
particular destination. The final decision will be confined by the tourist through their
interpersonal influence of dealing with the tourism market (Fotis, 2015). The segmentation of
the market provides the range of growing number of tourist and use of the modern digital
media to book their tickets while they are travelling from one place to another. It has been
observed that the emergence to the strongly influenced and transformed travel decision
making process can provide 50% of people preferred to download travel application through
which they can book their tickets (Jin and Phua, 2016). Internet technologies have referred to
many social media means such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and others.
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
H0: Social media impacts positively on the consumers buying behaviour
H1: Social media has negatively impacted on the buying behaviour of the consumers
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. Which social media sites reference do you use to book a ticket online?
Tumblr
Snapchat
2. To which age group do you belong?
12
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15-17
18-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
3. How often are you referring to the social media reviews during the day?
Hardly ever
Occasionally
Throughout the day
4. Have you been influenced to purchase because of what you have seen on social media?
Yes
No
5. What is the largest amount of money you have spent on a product or service due to the
influence of social media?
6. Do you believe that social media has an impact on your purchasing behaviour?
Yes
No
7. Why do you use social media?
Networking
Promotions and deals information
Learn about products and services
Entertainment
Communicating with others
8. Before purchasing any item, have you ever checked social media sites for any of the
reasons?
User reviews
Ask friends for the product
13
18-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
3. How often are you referring to the social media reviews during the day?
Hardly ever
Occasionally
Throughout the day
4. Have you been influenced to purchase because of what you have seen on social media?
Yes
No
5. What is the largest amount of money you have spent on a product or service due to the
influence of social media?
6. Do you believe that social media has an impact on your purchasing behaviour?
Yes
No
7. Why do you use social media?
Networking
Promotions and deals information
Learn about products and services
Entertainment
Communicating with others
8. Before purchasing any item, have you ever checked social media sites for any of the
reasons?
User reviews
Ask friends for the product
13
Neither
Promotions
9. How likely are you influenced to buy the specific product based on the information you
receive through social media?
Highly Likeable
Less likely
None
14
Promotions
9. How likely are you influenced to buy the specific product based on the information you
receive through social media?
Highly Likeable
Less likely
None
14
2.2 UNDERTAKE THE PROPOSED RESEARCH INVESTIGATION IN ACCORDANCE
WITH THE AGREED SPECIFICATION AND PROCEDURES
RESEARCH INVESTIGATION
Travel and tourism is a vast sector many organisations are associated with this whether it is
travel companies like British Airways, Virgin Airlines or any hospitality industries importance.
The role of this sector presented a topic which can involve the customer satisfaction through
effluent means of targeting audience. An investigation regarding the research takes place based
on the social media technologies influenced by consumer satisfaction in their buying behaviour
(Bryman and Bell, 2015). It is comprehended with the effluent means of targeting audience with
low fare products and services. The materialistic information acknowledged in the proposal
involves the importance of the social media in approaching the perception of the consumers in
the travel and tourism.
MAIN PLAN
The research will provide the comprehensive study of the Social media marketing with the use
of technology in the tourism sector. The plan made is different as it directly towards the
products and services offered by different organisations and buying behaviour is dependable
towards reviews, promotions and other friend recommendation about the product.
ANCILLARY PLAN
Travel and tourism agencies provide the satisfaction level to the customers who demand their
services. These services are highly influenced by the social media reviews. The plan showcases
the use of the technologies and other influential measures of the travellers and their choices
(Blumberg, et al. 2014). The Social media is the most effective tools for marketing any product
or services and fake reviews or details can also be generated which impact the buying
behaviour of the consumers. While travelling they prefer the use of the mobile communication
which allows them to create their reviews from different locations.
15
WITH THE AGREED SPECIFICATION AND PROCEDURES
RESEARCH INVESTIGATION
Travel and tourism is a vast sector many organisations are associated with this whether it is
travel companies like British Airways, Virgin Airlines or any hospitality industries importance.
The role of this sector presented a topic which can involve the customer satisfaction through
effluent means of targeting audience. An investigation regarding the research takes place based
on the social media technologies influenced by consumer satisfaction in their buying behaviour
(Bryman and Bell, 2015). It is comprehended with the effluent means of targeting audience with
low fare products and services. The materialistic information acknowledged in the proposal
involves the importance of the social media in approaching the perception of the consumers in
the travel and tourism.
MAIN PLAN
The research will provide the comprehensive study of the Social media marketing with the use
of technology in the tourism sector. The plan made is different as it directly towards the
products and services offered by different organisations and buying behaviour is dependable
towards reviews, promotions and other friend recommendation about the product.
ANCILLARY PLAN
Travel and tourism agencies provide the satisfaction level to the customers who demand their
services. These services are highly influenced by the social media reviews. The plan showcases
the use of the technologies and other influential measures of the travellers and their choices
(Blumberg, et al. 2014). The Social media is the most effective tools for marketing any product
or services and fake reviews or details can also be generated which impact the buying
behaviour of the consumers. While travelling they prefer the use of the mobile communication
which allows them to create their reviews from different locations.
15
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2.3. RECORD AND COLLATE RELEVANT DATA WHERE APPROPRIATE.
The research data is recorded and implemented with the advancement in the use of the
technology. It has modulated the relevant information regarding the buying behaviour of the
consumers and their perceptions articulated in the other users (Garín-Muñoz and Pérez-
Amaral, 2011).
BASIS RECORDING DATA APPROPRIATE
CUSTOMER’S BEHAVIOR In the travel and tourism
sector, the consumer
response matters the most.
Thus, it means that relevant
technology used influence the
buying behaviour of consumer
and marketing of organisation
(Garín-Muñoz and Pérez-
Amaral, 2011).
The collection of data is
recorded on the basis of the
buying behaviour of the
customer (Filieri and McLeay,
2014). It is affected by the
online reviews made on the
Social media and other
promotional measures
undertaken to attract the
consumer.
PRODUCT/ SERVICE/
PACKAGE
The choice or buying
behaviour of the consumer
depends on the low prices
and high-quality products or
services which is an easy
measure to attract the
consumer (Milano, et al.
2011). Use of the mobile
technology in travel and
tourism can help in gaining
information over the internet
and by the help of social
The key principle to meet the
need of the consumer and
present them the quality of
the product can help in
coordinating the business
with the customer (Song and
Yoo, 2016).
16
The research data is recorded and implemented with the advancement in the use of the
technology. It has modulated the relevant information regarding the buying behaviour of the
consumers and their perceptions articulated in the other users (Garín-Muñoz and Pérez-
Amaral, 2011).
BASIS RECORDING DATA APPROPRIATE
CUSTOMER’S BEHAVIOR In the travel and tourism
sector, the consumer
response matters the most.
Thus, it means that relevant
technology used influence the
buying behaviour of consumer
and marketing of organisation
(Garín-Muñoz and Pérez-
Amaral, 2011).
The collection of data is
recorded on the basis of the
buying behaviour of the
customer (Filieri and McLeay,
2014). It is affected by the
online reviews made on the
Social media and other
promotional measures
undertaken to attract the
consumer.
PRODUCT/ SERVICE/
PACKAGE
The choice or buying
behaviour of the consumer
depends on the low prices
and high-quality products or
services which is an easy
measure to attract the
consumer (Milano, et al.
2011). Use of the mobile
technology in travel and
tourism can help in gaining
information over the internet
and by the help of social
The key principle to meet the
need of the consumer and
present them the quality of
the product can help in
coordinating the business
with the customer (Song and
Yoo, 2016).
16
media
EVALUATION OF THE
TECHNOLOGIES AND ITS
INFLUENCE
The use of the Social media
and internet-based services
folks into the evaluation of
the business prospects and
attraction of the customer
towards products (Nadeem,
et al. 2015).
Online ticket booking and
reservations from the
particular organisation are
made with the services
acknowledged on the online
social media (Couture, et al.
2015). It gives them a bundle
of service users.
It has been easy for the consumer to refer different sites to gain information regarding the
organisation's products and services. While in case of booking a ticket through online means
and with the relevant organisation, consumers highly refer to a Social media platform. The most
widely referred platform is Facebook around 83% of the people across the globe use this
feature of social media. No age bars are accountable for generating the account on the
Facebook and nowadays children belonging to minor age are also effectively using this
application (Ruiz-Mafe, et al. 2016). The Age group 18-24 are highly influence with this Internet-
based service. The age group look after many products and services that attract them to buy
their products but before buying them. They check reviews based on the use of the services
which are preferred. It has hugely impacted the purchasing behaviour of the consumer as the
use of the social media is believed to have huge marketing campaigns (Cantallops and Salvi,
2014). For example- Promoting the products different organisations use a different measure
like on Facebook creating an event on their page which is sponsored by the organisation and
gathering people to come across. Social Media is considered as the most effective
communication and promotions and deals information along with the product and services
offered by the companies and other measures. It is very likely that the people are influenced by
the reviews on the social media (Bilgihan, et al. 2016). This is the major tool for marketing of
different organisations.
17
EVALUATION OF THE
TECHNOLOGIES AND ITS
INFLUENCE
The use of the Social media
and internet-based services
folks into the evaluation of
the business prospects and
attraction of the customer
towards products (Nadeem,
et al. 2015).
Online ticket booking and
reservations from the
particular organisation are
made with the services
acknowledged on the online
social media (Couture, et al.
2015). It gives them a bundle
of service users.
It has been easy for the consumer to refer different sites to gain information regarding the
organisation's products and services. While in case of booking a ticket through online means
and with the relevant organisation, consumers highly refer to a Social media platform. The most
widely referred platform is Facebook around 83% of the people across the globe use this
feature of social media. No age bars are accountable for generating the account on the
Facebook and nowadays children belonging to minor age are also effectively using this
application (Ruiz-Mafe, et al. 2016). The Age group 18-24 are highly influence with this Internet-
based service. The age group look after many products and services that attract them to buy
their products but before buying them. They check reviews based on the use of the services
which are preferred. It has hugely impacted the purchasing behaviour of the consumer as the
use of the social media is believed to have huge marketing campaigns (Cantallops and Salvi,
2014). For example- Promoting the products different organisations use a different measure
like on Facebook creating an event on their page which is sponsored by the organisation and
gathering people to come across. Social Media is considered as the most effective
communication and promotions and deals information along with the product and services
offered by the companies and other measures. It is very likely that the people are influenced by
the reviews on the social media (Bilgihan, et al. 2016). This is the major tool for marketing of
different organisations.
17
18
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TASK 3
3.1 USE APPROPRIATE ‘RESEARCH EVALUATION TECHNIQUES’. WHICH TYPES
OF EVALUATION (FORMATIVE OR SUMMATIVE) IS MORE APPROPRIATE FOR
YOUR RESEARCH? WHY?
Research Evaluations techniques are the processes through which the development of the
information is acknowledged. It provides the most valued products which are influenced by the
Social Media. The evaluation of the research is categorized into two categories. They are:
o FORMATIVE EVALUATION TECHNIQUE
o SUMMATIVE EVALUATION TECHNIQUE
The method that is applicable in gaining information for the consumer buying behaviour utilises
Formative and Summative evaluation Technique. This technique helps in determining the
products, programs and activities which are affecting the consumer behaviour (Ruiz-Mafe, et al.
2016). While Formative evaluation technique serves to improve the quality of products and
programs and even provides information about the activities that are planned and developed
through.
FORMATIVE EVALUATION TECHNIQUE
This method is applicable only when implementation of the activities helps in attracting the
number of customers through marketing campaigns. The development of the new marketing
plan requires an accessible acceptance from the customers (Couture, et al. 2015). This
technique includes-
o A need for the marketing campaign through which they encounter the review of the
consumer towards their product
o The buying behaviour of the consumers are determined with the help of social media
marketing
19
3.1 USE APPROPRIATE ‘RESEARCH EVALUATION TECHNIQUES’. WHICH TYPES
OF EVALUATION (FORMATIVE OR SUMMATIVE) IS MORE APPROPRIATE FOR
YOUR RESEARCH? WHY?
Research Evaluations techniques are the processes through which the development of the
information is acknowledged. It provides the most valued products which are influenced by the
Social Media. The evaluation of the research is categorized into two categories. They are:
o FORMATIVE EVALUATION TECHNIQUE
o SUMMATIVE EVALUATION TECHNIQUE
The method that is applicable in gaining information for the consumer buying behaviour utilises
Formative and Summative evaluation Technique. This technique helps in determining the
products, programs and activities which are affecting the consumer behaviour (Ruiz-Mafe, et al.
2016). While Formative evaluation technique serves to improve the quality of products and
programs and even provides information about the activities that are planned and developed
through.
FORMATIVE EVALUATION TECHNIQUE
This method is applicable only when implementation of the activities helps in attracting the
number of customers through marketing campaigns. The development of the new marketing
plan requires an accessible acceptance from the customers (Couture, et al. 2015). This
technique includes-
o A need for the marketing campaign through which they encounter the review of the
consumer towards their product
o The buying behaviour of the consumers are determined with the help of social media
marketing
19
o Customer provide different means of defining the technology through which structured
concept of the marketing is focused
o The fidelity of the programs added can provide a deliverable amount of implementation
techniques
o The target audience is evaluated for understanding the level of usage Social media
measures- Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat etc.
SUMMATIVE EVALUATION
The Summative Evaluation provides an interface with the programs and technologies which are
assembled through the continuous improvement in the marketing plan developed by the
organisations (Mang, et al. 2016). The information provided by the help of the internet-based
services and Social media platforms can be gathered through an expanded period of time. The
conduction of the program designated with investigating the launch of the campaigns can be
associated with social media platforms. The outcomes of the summative evaluation are:
Information about the events, online booking, any product or services offered by the
organisations and their quality and services are investigated through the online source
of information on Social Media
Impact of evaluation of the internet access the wider use of the range of the course
module
Cost-effectiveness and Cost-benefit analysis help in presenting the accounted period of
time for the research
Analysis of the secondary measures are recorded through adding solutions to the
queries on the social media regarding products
The study provides an interface to the use of social media technologies as to analyse the
consumer behaviour and relying on the effectiveness of the product's features (Hudson and
Thal, 2013). The secondary data provides a summative phase of gaining information and buying
those quality products at different locations through online means.
20
concept of the marketing is focused
o The fidelity of the programs added can provide a deliverable amount of implementation
techniques
o The target audience is evaluated for understanding the level of usage Social media
measures- Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat etc.
SUMMATIVE EVALUATION
The Summative Evaluation provides an interface with the programs and technologies which are
assembled through the continuous improvement in the marketing plan developed by the
organisations (Mang, et al. 2016). The information provided by the help of the internet-based
services and Social media platforms can be gathered through an expanded period of time. The
conduction of the program designated with investigating the launch of the campaigns can be
associated with social media platforms. The outcomes of the summative evaluation are:
Information about the events, online booking, any product or services offered by the
organisations and their quality and services are investigated through the online source
of information on Social Media
Impact of evaluation of the internet access the wider use of the range of the course
module
Cost-effectiveness and Cost-benefit analysis help in presenting the accounted period of
time for the research
Analysis of the secondary measures are recorded through adding solutions to the
queries on the social media regarding products
The study provides an interface to the use of social media technologies as to analyse the
consumer behaviour and relying on the effectiveness of the product's features (Hudson and
Thal, 2013). The secondary data provides a summative phase of gaining information and buying
those quality products at different locations through online means.
20
3.2 INTERPRET AND ANALYSE THE RESULTS IN TERMS OF THE ORIGINAL
RESEARCH SPECIFICATION
Interpretation of the data provides the relevant information regarding the internet-based
services and its impact on qualitative research methods. The qualitative research conveys about
revolutionized meaning of the information communication technologies such as Social media
which enables individuals to gather information regarding different kinds and transmit them
and receive them through different resources (Filieri and McLeay, 2014). The communication
process can be encountered with global environmental impact to access them into desirable
products.
Figure 1: Social Media in Travel Decision Making Process
Source: Blumberg, et al. 2014
It has helped them to find the desired products and services. The attempt to explain the
phenomenon and analysing the network which consists of different modes of the digital
components are offered through the dynamic behaviour of the digital users and tourists that
are assistance with social media usage. There are 60 million unique visitors every month to
interact and share the information of the places they interacted for accommodations and
another phase (Garín-Muñoz and Pérez-Amaral, 2011). There are many communication options
21
RESEARCH SPECIFICATION
Interpretation of the data provides the relevant information regarding the internet-based
services and its impact on qualitative research methods. The qualitative research conveys about
revolutionized meaning of the information communication technologies such as Social media
which enables individuals to gather information regarding different kinds and transmit them
and receive them through different resources (Filieri and McLeay, 2014). The communication
process can be encountered with global environmental impact to access them into desirable
products.
Figure 1: Social Media in Travel Decision Making Process
Source: Blumberg, et al. 2014
It has helped them to find the desired products and services. The attempt to explain the
phenomenon and analysing the network which consists of different modes of the digital
components are offered through the dynamic behaviour of the digital users and tourists that
are assistance with social media usage. There are 60 million unique visitors every month to
interact and share the information of the places they interacted for accommodations and
another phase (Garín-Muñoz and Pérez-Amaral, 2011). There are many communication options
21
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but Social Media provides the companies embracing moments as the potential engagement and
collaboration with the consumer are not active regularly. But with the strong advertisement
yield, they can influence and has the ability to target audience which is based on the social
media activity.
Social media has helped in analysing the tourist’s attitudes towards the increase in the purchase
rates and recommendations to other users. The service-based brands are offering the unique
value proposition to the customer in order to acknowledge them good experiences. The
uncertainty in the services of the tourist or consumers uses the modern means and trust on the
other traveller’s opinion using social media rather than official marketing advice (Mang, et al.
2016). The topmost things that are likely to be commented are on shopping, fine food,
historical sites, local cuisine, and outdoor activities.
Figure 2: Top Most Review Check on Social Media
Source: Jin and Phua, 2016
Social media has become very expressive and are able to increase the influence on the other
consumers. The social media is low cost and bias-free. Henceforth, it represents the marketing
communication advantages. The disagreement on the classification of the social media provides
the level of the social media richness that presents the level of Self-presentations and
22
collaboration with the consumer are not active regularly. But with the strong advertisement
yield, they can influence and has the ability to target audience which is based on the social
media activity.
Social media has helped in analysing the tourist’s attitudes towards the increase in the purchase
rates and recommendations to other users. The service-based brands are offering the unique
value proposition to the customer in order to acknowledge them good experiences. The
uncertainty in the services of the tourist or consumers uses the modern means and trust on the
other traveller’s opinion using social media rather than official marketing advice (Mang, et al.
2016). The topmost things that are likely to be commented are on shopping, fine food,
historical sites, local cuisine, and outdoor activities.
Figure 2: Top Most Review Check on Social Media
Source: Jin and Phua, 2016
Social media has become very expressive and are able to increase the influence on the other
consumers. The social media is low cost and bias-free. Henceforth, it represents the marketing
communication advantages. The disagreement on the classification of the social media provides
the level of the social media richness that presents the level of Self-presentations and
22
disclosures (Cantallops and Salvi, 2014). The social media that are widely used are Facebook,
LinkedIn, YouTube, Scribd, Flickr, Delicious, Wikipedia, Twitter, and many others which portray
the review and rating of the consumer preference on those sites.
It is evident that the number of the users of the social media is changeable and present to share
their travel experiences and another post to comment and have opinions towards the source of
information about those experiences. The Social media continues to impact the communication
means in both ways either it can be positive or negative. It subjects to the type of the
communication means (Bilgihan, et al. 2016). The social media requires all marketing activities
that provide the integration to the persuasiveness of advertising a competitive product or
service experience.
According to eMarketer (2015), there are around 1749 million people belonging to only one
country which are users of the social networking sites. The Facebook has great influence over
consumers choices globally, especially in the travel sector. In the research conducted in 2012, it
has depicted that 76% of the travellers post vacation photos on social networks and 40%
activity are attracting the reviews in those places.
Figure: Influence on Consumer Decision Making by use of Social media
Source: Bilgihan, et al. 2016
23
LinkedIn, YouTube, Scribd, Flickr, Delicious, Wikipedia, Twitter, and many others which portray
the review and rating of the consumer preference on those sites.
It is evident that the number of the users of the social media is changeable and present to share
their travel experiences and another post to comment and have opinions towards the source of
information about those experiences. The Social media continues to impact the communication
means in both ways either it can be positive or negative. It subjects to the type of the
communication means (Bilgihan, et al. 2016). The social media requires all marketing activities
that provide the integration to the persuasiveness of advertising a competitive product or
service experience.
According to eMarketer (2015), there are around 1749 million people belonging to only one
country which are users of the social networking sites. The Facebook has great influence over
consumers choices globally, especially in the travel sector. In the research conducted in 2012, it
has depicted that 76% of the travellers post vacation photos on social networks and 40%
activity are attracting the reviews in those places.
Figure: Influence on Consumer Decision Making by use of Social media
Source: Bilgihan, et al. 2016
23
Even over 90 percent of the consumers, trust on the recommendations that are provided by the
social media and their friends. However, this has helped in contributing to the fundamental
changes in the tourism industry as well as determined the tourist behaviour during and post
travelling activities (Öz, 2015). The study revealed that the 44% of the respondents strongly
agreed on the internet reviews posted by the travel bloggers and help in the initial decision of
other consumer/ travellers.
24
social media and their friends. However, this has helped in contributing to the fundamental
changes in the tourism industry as well as determined the tourist behaviour during and post
travelling activities (Öz, 2015). The study revealed that the 44% of the respondents strongly
agreed on the internet reviews posted by the travel bloggers and help in the initial decision of
other consumer/ travellers.
24
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3.3 MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS AND JUSTIFY AREAS FOR FURTHER
CONSIDERATION
Digital users in tourism can interact and share relevant information through social networks
with the popular means of communication. The most popular activity is experienced through
implications to sources relevant to the travel industry. This tourist encounters with the use of
the digital technologies that help in improving the services and adding the online experiences
with more personalized way. It can be recommended that the Web 3.0 must provide an
advantage to the tourist in handling the big challenges (Fotis, 2015). One of the advanced
measures is the ICT in the future to face the issue of privacy and information reliability which
can be overcome with engaging the travellers to share their experiences in real-time basis with
huge implications of the social media in the travel industry.
Another recommendation is the development of the marketing strategy through which the
customer base particularly giving input to the tourism industry can relate to the understanding
of the behaviour of the consumers. This can be actively presented by using social media. Social
media has become very prominent while developing the strategies for communicating to the
consumer and presenting the market information. The content presented on those sites must
be user controllable as it can influence the customers in accessing to the wrong measures from
the companies (Eriksson and Kovalainen, 2015). The demand and supply of the services must be
an encounter with effective control over the information and communication provided through
technology.
It can provide guidance to the people to associate with services provided by the particular
organisation. A solution regarding the complaints about the information and services must be
present on the sites that are offering those services. Posting on their Facebook the
improvement and recommendations can also help them in meeting the need of the consumers
(Milano, et al. 2011). Internet-based services promote the mass customisation of the
information and help them to influence the customer belonging to the niche market and
providing them satisfactory results.
25
CONSIDERATION
Digital users in tourism can interact and share relevant information through social networks
with the popular means of communication. The most popular activity is experienced through
implications to sources relevant to the travel industry. This tourist encounters with the use of
the digital technologies that help in improving the services and adding the online experiences
with more personalized way. It can be recommended that the Web 3.0 must provide an
advantage to the tourist in handling the big challenges (Fotis, 2015). One of the advanced
measures is the ICT in the future to face the issue of privacy and information reliability which
can be overcome with engaging the travellers to share their experiences in real-time basis with
huge implications of the social media in the travel industry.
Another recommendation is the development of the marketing strategy through which the
customer base particularly giving input to the tourism industry can relate to the understanding
of the behaviour of the consumers. This can be actively presented by using social media. Social
media has become very prominent while developing the strategies for communicating to the
consumer and presenting the market information. The content presented on those sites must
be user controllable as it can influence the customers in accessing to the wrong measures from
the companies (Eriksson and Kovalainen, 2015). The demand and supply of the services must be
an encounter with effective control over the information and communication provided through
technology.
It can provide guidance to the people to associate with services provided by the particular
organisation. A solution regarding the complaints about the information and services must be
present on the sites that are offering those services. Posting on their Facebook the
improvement and recommendations can also help them in meeting the need of the consumers
(Milano, et al. 2011). Internet-based services promote the mass customisation of the
information and help them to influence the customer belonging to the niche market and
providing them satisfactory results.
25
26
TASK 4
4.1 USE AN AGREED FORMAT AND APPROPRIATE MEDIA TO PRESENT THE
OUTCOMES OF THE RESEARCH TO AN AUDIENCE
Page 1
27
4.1 USE AN AGREED FORMAT AND APPROPRIATE MEDIA TO PRESENT THE
OUTCOMES OF THE RESEARCH TO AN AUDIENCE
Page 1
27
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Page 2
28
28
REFERENCES
Ayeh, J.K., 2015. Travellers’ acceptance of consumer-generated media: An integrated model of
technology acceptance and source credibility theories. Computers in Human Behavior, 48,
pp.173-180.
Bilgihan, A., Barreda, A., Okumus, F. and Nusair, K., 2016. Consumer perception of knowledge-
sharing in travel-related online social networks. Tourism Management, 52, pp.287-296.
Blumberg, B.F., Cooper, D.R. and Schindler, P.S., 2014. Business research methods. McGraw-hill
education.
Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015. Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA.
Cantallops, A.S. and Salvi, F., 2014. New consumer behaviour: A review of research on eWOM
and hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 36, pp.41-51.
Couture, A., Arcand, M., Sénécal, S. and Ouellet, J.F., 2015. The influence of tourism
innovativeness on online consumer behavior. Journal of Travel Research, 54(1), pp.66-79.
Eriksson, P. and Kovalainen, A., 2015. Qualitative methods in business research: A practical
guide to social research. Sage.
Filieri, R. and McLeay, F., 2014. E-WOM and accommodation: An analysis of the factors that
influence travelers’ adoption of information from online reviews. Journal of Travel Research,
53(1), pp.44-57.
Fotis, J.N., 2015. The Use of social media and its impacts on consumer behaviour: the context of
holiday travel (Doctoral dissertation, Bournemouth University).
Garín-Muñoz, T. and Pérez-Amaral, T., 2011. Internet usage for travel and tourism: the case of
Spain. Tourism Economics, 17(5), pp.1071-1085.
Hudson, S. and Thal, K., 2013. The impact of social media on the consumer decision process:
Implications for tourism marketing. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 30(1-2), pp.156-160.
29
Ayeh, J.K., 2015. Travellers’ acceptance of consumer-generated media: An integrated model of
technology acceptance and source credibility theories. Computers in Human Behavior, 48,
pp.173-180.
Bilgihan, A., Barreda, A., Okumus, F. and Nusair, K., 2016. Consumer perception of knowledge-
sharing in travel-related online social networks. Tourism Management, 52, pp.287-296.
Blumberg, B.F., Cooper, D.R. and Schindler, P.S., 2014. Business research methods. McGraw-hill
education.
Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015. Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA.
Cantallops, A.S. and Salvi, F., 2014. New consumer behaviour: A review of research on eWOM
and hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 36, pp.41-51.
Couture, A., Arcand, M., Sénécal, S. and Ouellet, J.F., 2015. The influence of tourism
innovativeness on online consumer behavior. Journal of Travel Research, 54(1), pp.66-79.
Eriksson, P. and Kovalainen, A., 2015. Qualitative methods in business research: A practical
guide to social research. Sage.
Filieri, R. and McLeay, F., 2014. E-WOM and accommodation: An analysis of the factors that
influence travelers’ adoption of information from online reviews. Journal of Travel Research,
53(1), pp.44-57.
Fotis, J.N., 2015. The Use of social media and its impacts on consumer behaviour: the context of
holiday travel (Doctoral dissertation, Bournemouth University).
Garín-Muñoz, T. and Pérez-Amaral, T., 2011. Internet usage for travel and tourism: the case of
Spain. Tourism Economics, 17(5), pp.1071-1085.
Hudson, S. and Thal, K., 2013. The impact of social media on the consumer decision process:
Implications for tourism marketing. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 30(1-2), pp.156-160.
29
Jin, S.V. and Phua, J., 2016. Making reservations online: The impact of consumer-written and
system-aggregated user-generated content (UGC) In travel booking websites on consumers’
behavioral intentions. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 33(1), pp.101-117.
Mang, C.F., Piper, L.A. and Brown, N.R., 2016. The incidence of smartphone usage among
tourists. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18(6), pp.591-601.
Milano, R., Baggio, R. and Piattelli, R., 2011, January. The effects of online social media on
tourism websites. In ENTER (pp. 471-483).
Nadeem, W., Andreini, D., Salo, J. and Laukkanen, T., 2015. Engaging consumers online through
websites and social media: A gender study of Italian Generation Y clothing consumers.
International Journal of Information Management, 35(4), pp.432-442.
Öz, M., 2015. Social media utilization of tourists for travel-related purposes. International
Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(5), pp.1003-1023.
Ruiz-Mafe, C., Tronch, J. and Sanz-Blas, S., 2016. The role of emotions and social influences on
consumer loyalty towards online travel communities. Journal of Service Theory and Practice,
26(5), pp.534-558.
Song, S. and Yoo, M., 2016. The role of social media during the pre-purchasing stage. Journal of
Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 7(1), pp.84-99.
30
system-aggregated user-generated content (UGC) In travel booking websites on consumers’
behavioral intentions. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 33(1), pp.101-117.
Mang, C.F., Piper, L.A. and Brown, N.R., 2016. The incidence of smartphone usage among
tourists. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18(6), pp.591-601.
Milano, R., Baggio, R. and Piattelli, R., 2011, January. The effects of online social media on
tourism websites. In ENTER (pp. 471-483).
Nadeem, W., Andreini, D., Salo, J. and Laukkanen, T., 2015. Engaging consumers online through
websites and social media: A gender study of Italian Generation Y clothing consumers.
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