Implications of Globalization through Technology to the Global Economy

This dissertation explores the implications of globalization through technology on the global economy, with a focus on multinational organizations. It discusses recent trends in technological globalization, the benefits it brings to multinational organizations, and the impact on global economic growth. It also examines the challenges and problems posed by technological advancement and provides recommendations for overcoming them. The study specifically looks at Apple Inc. as a case study.

DISSERTATION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................3
Research Background:....................................................................................................3
Aim and Objectives:................................................................................................4
Rationale:.................................................................................................................4
Problem Statement:..................................................................................................5
LITERATURE REVIEW...............................................................................................5
Theme 1: Recent trends in Technological globalization and benefits of
globalization to the multinational organizations......................................................5
Theme 2: impact of globalization through technology on the global economic
growth......................................................................................................................6
Theme 3 : Challenges & problems imposed by the technological advancement to
multinational corporation in particular and to global economy...............................7
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................................................................8
Data Collection:.....................................................................................................10
TIME SCALE..............................................................................................................10
REFERENCES.............................................................................................................12

TOPIC :
Implications of globalization through technology to the global economy
INTRODUCTION
Research Background:
Technological globalization in the simplest words refers to the spread of ICT
across the national boundaries. The world has seen rapid movement of technology
from one nation to nation in the last two decade, all because of increased globalization
(Cheng, Johansen and Hu, 2015). There are evidences which signifies the link
between the technological advancement and economic growth of the nations.
Technology has hit every aspect of human life from normal routine products to
education system. It has completed changed the way of doing business, movement of
people, and has resulted into exceptionally good connectivity throughout the world. In
today's era, each company is investing its large funds in research and development for
creating innovative technologies to offer something very different to the global
customers from what already been sold in the market (Pearce, 2016).
Various benefits have been derived due spread of technologies around the world
such as low cost products, differentiation in products and services, higher living
standards of people, increase in profitability of the business fraternity and it is
significantly triggering the economic growth at the global level. Along with this, there
are some risks which are associated with the globalization such as unequal
distribution of wealth where rich become richer and poor becomes poorer.
Furthermore, increased globalization has created a threat to sovereignty which has led
some nations to become a nationalistic for protecting the excessive impact of
globalization on the nation’s economy (Labrianidis, 2017).
The present research study is about Apple, which is a multinational American
company headquartered in Cupertino, California, United States. The company
operates worldwide and is the market leader in the technology industry. It is one of
the Big Four Technology corporation in the world which was founded in 1st April
1976. Being a public traded company, it is listed on NASDAQ, S & P 100 & 500
Component. The study will include the impact of technological globalization on the
global economic growth. Benefits which the Apple is deriving through technological
globalization. Further, it will also include the challenges which the increased

globalization of technology and a recommendation regarding the strategies for
overcoming the challenges.
Aim and Objectives:
Aim:
“To assess the contribution of technological aspects to the global economy in the
context of globalization: A study on Apple”
Objectives:
 To determine the recent trends in technological globalization and evaluate the
benefits of technological globalization in multinational organization - Apple
 To determine the impact of globalization through technology on the global
economic growth
 To identify the challenges & problems imposed by the technological
advancement to multinational corporation in particular and to global economy
 To recommend the strategies to Apple for overcoming the challenges posed by
technological advancement
Research Questions:
1. What are the recent trends in technological globalization?
2. What are the benefits of globalization through technology to multinational
corporation Apple?
3. How the global economy has benefited from technological globalization?
4. What are the different challenges and problems imposed by technological
advancement to Apple in particular and at the global level?
Rationale:
The present research study will emphasize on implications of technological
globalization to the world economy. Moreover, it is going to assist the scholar in its
academic studies and the results of the study will also help the professionals in
understanding the impact which the technological globalization have on the world
economic and its growth. Moreover, the study will also aid the research in getting the
meaningful insights related to the recent trends in the technological world and at what
pace it is spreading across the boundaries. How the global economic problems have
been solved through technological evolution at the global level in general and how the
multinational corporation Apple has been facilitated with the growth opportunities.
All of the things are going to help the researcher significantly in its academic area and
later in its professional life.

Problem Statement:
Increased unemployment is one of the major backlash which the global economy
is facing due to high technological advancement and its globalization. It has created
unhealthy competitive environment where multinational organizations are desperately
thriving for maximizing their profits.
Significance of the Study:
This research study will contribute toward the theory regarding how globalization
through the implication of technology has contributed to the global economy and how
it has benefited the multinational corporations such as Apple Inc., and how the
increased technological globalization has imposed some severe challenges to the
global economy and to the global trade in particular. The study will broaden the
awareness regarding the concept of technological globalization. The study will aim to
reduce the literature gap and will aim to develop some new theories and will provide
some conclusions that will be useful to the multinational organization in better coping
up with the challenges posed by the globalization through technology.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Theme 1: Recent trends in Technological globalization and benefits of globalization
to the multinational organizations
According to Dolphin ed., (2015), data analysis is the new big thing in the
multinational organizations. Big corporations are paving their ways into international
markets on the basis of the conclusions drawn out of the analysis of the big data
collected by these companies. The author said that companies are increasing using the
Artificial Intelligence technologies for assessing the needs and preferences of the
global customers.
However, Hanson and et.al., (2016) has disagreed with the views of the above
author and has asserted that mobility is the current trend which is enabling the
multinational companies in going global through technology. The author has implies
that organizations which are capable of employing the factor of mobility in its
operations then such companies can develop a competitive advantage. For example, If
Apple’s employees are able to work anywhere in the world, then the company can
make best use of its workforce. Technology plays a great role in mobility such as
video conferencing could be used for taking approvals for collaboration etc.

Gygli and et.al., (2018) argued with the claims of the above two authors and
articulated that governance is one of the growing trend in the technological
globalization. Because large data are collected and stored, international laws and
specified countries’ laws are increasing the rules and regulations regarding the safety
and protection of customers’ data and privacy. For example, Apple’s one of the
largest market is UK, in which it has to work according to the laws and regulation of
the country. Data Protection Act, 2018 is the governing law which is concerned with
the manner in which data about the people is obtained and used by the technological
companies.
Theme 2: Impact of globalization through technology on the global economic growth
As per the view of Lawrence and Almas (2018), globalization has impacted the
global economy in a tremendous way. The author claims that Foreign direct
Investment (FDI) has seen a sharp rise due to globalization through technology. It has
resulted in transferring of technologies around the world at a very rapid rate.
Companies around the world are entering the emerging economies by the way of
technology for capturing larger market share, more customers and higher profitability.
However, Guy (2015) has argued the claims of the above author and has said that
economies of scale is the most significant impact that has affected the global
economy. Technological globalization has facilitated the big business houses at much
larger scale which assists them in reducing their costs of production and ultimately
offering the products or services at much lower prices to the global customers.
Haynes and et.al., (2017) has articulated that technological globalization has
resulted in enhancing the connectivity of the world due to internet and technological
advances. Today, the world is experiencing better communication infrastructure all
because of globalization. Big technological brands such as Amazon, Apple, Facebook
etc., have entered the emerging economies of the world by the way of technology for
grabbing the opportunities provided by the globalization.
León and Overbeek (2015) has disagreed with the views of above author and said
that globalization has helped in improving the GDP of world, unemployment rate
around the world has decreased like big companies expanding their business in other
countries has resulted into providing employment to large number of people in the
countries in which they have expanded their businesses. The author claims that such

employment opportunities has helped the developing nations in increasing the living
standards of their population.
Another Devore,( 2015), has said that globalization has helped the multinational
companies in spreading the technology and knowledge across the nations very
quickly. The author states that because of the quick spread of technology, the big
brands are able to boost their innovation and creativity. Also, on macro terms, the
technological progress has made the global business more convenient and facilitated
the young entrepreneur to start their own ventures by forming collaborations with the
established brands around the globe.
Globalization through technology has contributed towards the industrialization at
global level as articulated by Nepelski and De Prato (2015), has made significant
contributions to the gross domestic product of the world economy. This means that
inflation rate across the world has reduced, living standards of the global citizens has
also increased with the decline in unemployment rate globally along with the
elimination of poverty at global level.
However, Bende-Nabende (2017) has argued with the above view and said that
globalization through the implication of technology has significantly contributed to
the global business fraternity. Organizations have been benefited by this phenomenon
which has allowed them to enlarge their market share, to explore the unsaturated
markets in the emerging economies, to grab the opportunities of economies of scale
and to cater to the needs of the wide number of customers and enhance their
profitability.
Theme 3 : Challenges & problems imposed by the technological advancement to
multinational corporation in particular and to global economy
In the opinion of Radosevic and Yoruk (2016), increased use of technology in
every aspect of business organization has adversely impacted the economy in a macro
way. The author articulates that multinational companies which are characterized by
abundant resources are using technologies, automating major part of their operations,

robotics in the manufacturing of the production and services for the purpose of
achieving greater productivity is taking away the job of people. Author claims that
technology has swept away the jobs of many and left them unemployed. This is
hurting the global economy and is also becoming a hindrance in obtaining the wider
objective of wellbeing of people around the world.
Morgan (2017) argued with the opinion of above author and said that rapid
changes in the technology has made it tough for the multinational corporations to
constantly match the pace of technology evolution. Implication of technology within
the technology involves huge Research and Development (R & D ), its
implementation, trained staff for working on such technology etc. All these factors
have created hindrance for the companies in achieving their objective of becoming
cost efficient in their operations.
Another author Zhou and et.al., (2015), disagreed with the above views and said
that increased implication in the operations of the companies and unemployment rate
are not the only crucial challenges which the business world and global economy is
facing. Technological Advancement has made the mobile phones, and other gadgets
very accessible and affordable to people. This has increased the risk of exposure of
inappropriate content on the web to the teenagers, also games and social sites are
consuming large amount of people’s time which has resulted into decrease in the
productivity of the people around the world. The author asserts that these effects of
the technology evolution are impacting the business world adversely and is impacting
the society in the negative way.
This view was critiqued by the views of von Furstenbrg (2017), who articulated
that technological advancement along with globalization has created extremely
competitive environment in the global market. For surviving such intense
competition, the companies are trying their every bit for sustainability themselves in
the market. This has led the companies in indulging some unethical practices. The
author also stated that increased globalization has in some way reduced variety in the
products and services for the customers and has also made nations to follow the policy
of protectionist for saving the interests of domestic producers.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Methods:

This refers to the procedures, action plans or strategies which the researchers for
data accumulation and its analysis for the purpose of discovering new information.
Qualitative and quantitative techniques could be used for accumulating data (Scott-
Parker. and Senserrick, 2017). For the present research study, the researcher will
apply the qualitative research methods for assessing how Apple has successful paved
its way in the emerging economies of the world by the way of technology and
globalization has contributed towards the growth of global economy.
Research Approach:
It refers to the procedure which comprises of the elaborated method of data
collection and its analysis & interpretation. There are different kinds of research
approaches such as inductive, deductive and abductive. Inductive approach of
research study refers to the approach which is applied for creating new conclusions
and theories (Koro-Ljungberg, 2015). For present study, inductive research approach
will be used which will assist the scholar in determining the recent trends in the
technological globalization and the benefits of globalization through implication of
technology will be assessed.
Research Philosophies:
It is a belief regarding how data must be gathered, analyzed and evaluated.
Interpretivism, positivism and pragmatism are research approaches. Interpretivism
research philosophy refers to the system where the scholar interprets every element of
the research study. Thus, it can be said that this philosophy integrates the study with
human interest (Ørngreen and Levinsen, 2017). Moreover, this philosophy is suitable
for qualitative research and is capable of facilitating the researcher with the in-depth
knowledge of globalization phenomenon. Researcher in present study will apply
interpretivism philosophy through which it will be assess challenges which the
globalization through technology has imposed on the global economy and on the
global business.
Research Design:
It refers to the type of research which is meant for answering the problems or
questions of research. There are different designs such as descriptive, experimental,
correlation, meta-analysis etc. (Worthington and Bodie, eds., 2017). For the present
study, the scholar is going to use descriptive research design which is a way of
depicting the participants of the survey accurately and correctly. This method is going

to help the researcher in deriving the useful insights regarding how Apple has
managed to grab the opportunities which the technological globalization has provided
to the world.
Sampling:
It is method of drawing number of observations from large sample population.
Probability and non-probability sampling are the two methods of selecting a sample
(Holliday, 2016). Researcher will apply probability sampling in which it will use
random sampling method. Such sampling will aid the researcher in avoiding any kind
of biases which could potentially affect the integrity or quality of the research study.
For survey purpose, 20 managers of Apple will be selected considering simple
random sampling technique.
Data Collection:
It means the procedure of collecting the data from all the possible relevant
sources for the objective of answering to the research problems. Data can be collected
from primary and secondary which must be selected with proper judgement and
discretion as reliability and viability of the research study depends upon. Primary
sources of data collection are observations, experiments, survey, interviews etc.,
which are taken by the researcher itself. While on the other hand, secondary sources
of data collection are government statistics, publications, journals, Business reports,
internet etc (Krippendorff, 2018). The researcher will apply primary method for
collecting data by the way of survey.
Data Analysis:
It is defined as the sorting and filtering of the data for converting the data into
meaningful information so that a pattern could be drawn out for decision making
purposes. Qualitative and quantitative are the two ways of analyzing the data
(Ramirez and et.al., 2015). For the present study, scholar will use qualitative data
analysis which include thematic description of data and its graphical representations.
Ethical Consideration:
Ethics are the beliefs which aids in making a difference between what is right and
what is wrong. Various things are to be considered by a researcher while undertaking
a research study such as using relevant and authentic information from authentic
secondary sources for maintaining quality, protecting the data from unauthorized use,

confidentiality, etc. The researcher is going to make a research paper in the most
ethical manner possible.
TIME SCALE
Activities Time in Weeks
Weeks 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 week 5 week 6week 7 week
Idea generation
Aims &
Objectives
Development
of research
proposal
Literature
Review
Research
methodology
Questionnaire
preparation
Distribution of
Questionnaire
Collection of
responses
Data analysis
Findings &
Interpretation
Conclusions &
recommendatio
ns

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