Lean Approach in Chemical Blending Plants

This assignment delves into the application of lean manufacturing principles within a chemical blending plant setting in Oman. It comprises multiple-choice questions assessing understanding of lean concepts like waste reduction, cycle time optimization, and total quality management. Additionally, open-ended interview questions probe the potential impact of lean approach on customer service, storage space utilization, sales generation, and overall plant capacity.

Improving operations of an Organisation
by using Lean Techniques: A case study
of Biyaq Oilfield Services (Chemical
Blending Plant)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I'm expressing my gratitude with love and sincerity to them who were associated with me
to accomplish this project work. All the hard work, devotion towards duty and the love or
tolerance which my supervisor has shown I'm grateful to. At the end I want to thank my family
and friends for their involvement and cooperation in my data collection on conducting my
research work on the to undermine the fact related to implementation of Lean approach and its
impact on construction of Chemical Blending Plant in Oman: A case study on Biyaq Oilfield
Services.

ABSTRACT
The operations which company would be doing should be in order to this lean approach
only if they are making it a flexible and efficient one. So in this current dissertation we would be
studying upon the implementation of lean approach or techniques and what would be its impact
on construction of Chemical Blending plant which is Biyaq Oilfield Services situated in Oman.
As the chemical blending procedures could be defined as to that which is commonly called to as
mixing up of chemicals which are been used so that time and cost could be saved to greater
extent. The research paper would also be signifying different factors that generally is reducing
storage space of the plant of company and also giving better service to the customer as per their
demand. At the same time it would be important to maintain cost of company for the reason this
research paper is essential to recognise the overall work management of Chemical Blending
plant in Oman. Lean approach or technique is mainly withstanding in maximising customer
value creation at the same time it is minimising the wastage in particular company. Like in
Chemical Blending Plants there are maximum level of wastage at many stages of production or
manufacturing. So in order to remove this waste in company it is important to look after various
techniques that should be employed for minimising waste, cost, labour utilization in order to
maximise the profits by giving value to all customers. So if the company is considering the lean
approach then this could be impacting much of the quality of work which employee is doing so
that company is able to achieve its mission and goals. Due to application of lean approach they
could be leading to have good and strong customer base after they are been able to do their
production work in more efficient manner.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................1
1.1 Overview:..............................................................................................................................1
1.2 Aims and Objectives:............................................................................................................2
1.2.1 Aims..............................................................................................................................2
1.2.2 Objectives......................................................................................................................2
1.3 Rational of the study:............................................................................................................2
1.4 Research problem:.................................................................................................................3
1.5 Research Questions:..............................................................................................................3
1.6 Research Scope and Significance:........................................................................................3
1.7 Structure of dissertation:.......................................................................................................4
1.8 Research Summary:..............................................................................................................5
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................1
2.1 Overview:..............................................................................................................................1
2.2 Lean approach:......................................................................................................................1
2.3 Implementing a Lean approach in the Construction of a Chemical Blending Plant:............2
2.4 Benefits of Implementing a Lean approach leading to cost effectiveness in construction of
a Chemical Blending Plant:.........................................................................................................4
2.5 Provision of more Storage Space and better Customer Services due to the application of
Lean Approach:...........................................................................................................................6
2.6 Summary:..............................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.............................................................................1
3.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................1
3.2 Research philosophy.............................................................................................................1
3.3 Research approach................................................................................................................2
3.4 Research paradigm................................................................................................................3
3.6 Research design.....................................................................................................................3
3.7 Research strategy..................................................................................................................4
3.8 Data Collection......................................................................................................................5
3.9 Sampling...............................................................................................................................6
3.10 Data Analysis......................................................................................................................7

3.11 Ethical consideration...........................................................................................................8
3.12 Research limitations............................................................................................................9
CHAPTER 4: DATA COLLECTION and ANALYSIS.................................................................1
4.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................1
4.2 Thematic analysis for primary data collected through questionnaire...................................1
4.3 Thematic analysis for primary data collected through interview method...........................10
4.4 Summary.............................................................................................................................13
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION and RECOMMENDATIONS (1400)............................................1
5.1 Introduction:..........................................................................................................................1
5.2 Conclusion:...........................................................................................................................1
5.3 Recommendation...................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................4
APPENDICES.................................................................................................................................6

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview:
Lean approaches is mainly originated and inspired by the Japanese style of management
which was carried out in Toyota Production system. The main aim of which is to give the best
quality of products and service to all customers in order to maximise the values of all the
products of customers (Belekoukias, Garza-Reyes and Kumar, 2014). This could be done with
eliminating the cost of storage space, estimated arrival time and then to cut down the delivery
time together all these would then be providing better amount of profits after they have provided
customer service. The operations which company would be doing should be in order to this lean
approach only if they are making it a flexible and efficient one. So in this current dissertation we
would be studying upon the implementation of lean approach or techniques and what would be
its impact on construction of Chemical Blending plant which is Biyaq Oilfield Services situated
in Oman. As the chemical blending procedures could be defined as to that which is commonly
called to as mixing up of chemicals which are been used so that time and cost could be saved to
greater extent.
So if these type of chemical blending companies or plant should be using the most
effective lean techniques into their production so that their cost and time could be saved. The
research project would be considering the implementation of lean approaches and its impact on
the construction of Chemical Blending Plant in Oman (Bortolotti, Boscari and Danese, 2015). As
they would be saving out their cost which then they are to invest in building up new plant within
the country. Biyaq oilfield was established in the year 1996 and now is one of the major oilfield
service in Oman which is specialised in supplying chemicals, engineering service and manpower
within other oil companies of country. The mission of company is to become the leading
chemical solution providing firm in terms of oil and gas industries working with great team,
reliability, integrity and maximum customer satisfaction. Along with this mission and core
competency company is been able to increase its client base throughout the country which is also
providing innovative solution to market of country (Dobrzykowski, McFadden and
Vonderembse, 2016).
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1.2 Aims and Objectives:
1.2.1 Aims
To undermine the fact related to implementation of Lean approach and its impact on
construction of Chemical Blending Plant in Oman: A case study on Biyaq Oilfield Services.
1.2.2 Objectives
On the basis of the aim that has been constructed the following objectives have been
made that try to suffice particularly to understand the sanctity of the aim. The objectives are:
 To identify whether implementing a Lean approach would be effective on Chemical
Blending Plant in Oman in increasing the production.
 To understand the benefits of implementing a Lean approach on cost effectiveness in
construction of a Chemical Blending Plant in Oman.
 To access whether the construction of a Chemical Blending Plant in Oman will help to
provide better service to the customer
 To interpret whether the construction of a Chemical Blending Plant in Oman will lead to
the reduction of storage space.
1.3 Rational of the study:
The chemical blending industry is very much important one as it is giving great source of
employment or profits for country especially like that of Oman. As this country is mainly based
on oil, gas and chemicals industry and having majority of income for this industry only. So it
would be important and easy to deal with the present topic which is inspired by improving
operations by the use of lean approach of technique. This would be carrying out the research on
this topic by studying about Biyaq Oilfield analysing what are the issues which could be rising
in the process of production or extraction of oil and chemicals and how it must be sort out. The
topic is important to study and research upon as the industry is most important for the case of
profits and revenue generation for the country like that of Oman.
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1.4 Research problem:
This is important task to identify the problem which is associated with the current
scenario like at the time of implementation of lean approach what are the problem that could be
raised. There are problems which is related to that of keeping up of inventories of company
which in tern would be hampering the manufacturing or production function of firm. The most
important task is to increase the overall productivity of organisation so that they could maintain
profitability via providing better service to their customers. There are also many threats which
company need to overcome like that of increasing demand of customers on worldwide level,
entry of rival firm in market or growth of other current competitors with the use of innovation or
technology as well. So for all these reason they need to implement new and better strategies
which would be effective for their use with which they could also be able to production and then
service which they are giving to their clients.
1.5 Research Questions:
These are the various research questions that have been prepared on the basis of the aim
and objectives that have been taken in grant for the research project:
1. What is the importance of implementing a Lean approach on Chemical Blending Plant in
Oman will it be an ethical approach towards the society and the related industry or not?
2. What are the benefits of implementing a Lean approach to cost effectiveness in
construction of a Chemical Blending Plant in Oman?
3. What are the ways in which construction of a Chemical Blending Plant in Oman will help
to provide better service to the customer?
4. What are the main ways in which the construction of a Chemical Blending Plant in Oman
will lead to the reduction of storage space?
1.6 Research Scope and Significance:
The main aim of this project would be to understand the importance of implementation of
lean approach or techniques and what would be the impact of this on Chemical Blending
industry in Oman. How much effective and important is this lean approach this study would b
including this as well with the basic structure of lean approach which would be leading to higher
profits to that industry. Apart from this there are also many other approaches which firm should
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be implementing in their production and manufacturing plant like that of Just in time approach.
But if we want to know the effectiveness of the lean approach we should be identifying the basic
need and requirement of organisation which is helping in maintaining regular workforce of
company. The research paper would also be signifying different factors that generally is reducing
storage space of the plant of company and also giving better service to the customer as per their
demand. At the same time it would be important to maintain cost of company for the reason this
research paper is essential to recognise the overall work management of Chemical Blending
plant in Oman.
1.7 Structure of dissertation:
Chapter 1: Introduction- this part would be covering outline of the whole dissertation so that
researcher would be able to make out that what he has to do and how the aim or objective of
topic would be met out. This chapter will be including specified details about both topic and the
company on which we would be researching upon. In order to get the general idea about recent
activities that are going on or taking place this chapter is included in dissertation.
Chapter 2: Literature review- the second chapter would be including and allowing us to gain
more deeper knowledge about the topic and that industry or field on which research is going to
take place. This is important in aspect of checking that whether the aims and objectives which
we have set out in the starting of the dissertation is achieving or not. Articles or books that have
been written by various authors would be included in this chapter with laying out their writing in
our own language.
Chapter 3: Research Methodology- this is the third chapter which would b including various
tools and methodologies leading or conducting in current dissertation. Like which data collection
source to be used or how the data would be analysed all these important things must be added
with the chapter of research methodology.
Chapter 4: Data analysis and interpretation- this is the most important and crucial part or
chapter which is leading or answering to questions or research aim and objectives that are been
made. All the collected data like in the form of secondary and primary should be analysed and
interpreted so that conclusion could be drawn.
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation- the last part which is telling us what we have
concluded like whether result that is coming is in favour of the objectives that were set or not.
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This would also be including the recommendation part which is including the changes that could
be made while conducting the next research on same topic.
1.8 Research Summary:
All the things which are important for the topic which we would be learning about which
is implementation of Lean approach which would be impacting operations and its management
in Chemical Blending service company of Oman. So for this study we have taken Biyaq Oilfield
Services which is one of the biggest firm in country which is providing both oil and gas to its
clients. Majorly we would be discussing about what are the impact of implementing this lean
approach within firm and how would this be helping us or what are the other factors which is
related to this particular technique. The main aim of company would be providing better tools
and techniques to customers which would thus be helpful for them in order to maximise profits
of firm. The cost reduction that is related to many operations including to labour, storage and
production or sales need to be cut down so that amount is again reinvested to open new plant in
same country. All these problems would be studied and then solved in this particular research
paper which is focusing on Chemical Blending plant in Oman.
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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Overview:
Literature review would be that part of any dissertation paper which is including all
identification of problems, their impact and how would that be resolved as per analyse of the
topic. The themes which would be containing study of various writers and authors of book that is
concentrating upon topic and problems or solution which is related and directly linked to
Chemical Blending plants of Oman. This chapter is one of the most important and necessary one
which is inculcating all relevant information facts and figures that is mainly related to our topic
so that we could be able to understand in better terms. This particular segment would be
signifying the implementation of lean approach in Chemical Blending plants and its impact on
production as well as on overall performance of organisation.
2.2 Lean approach:
Lean approach or technique is mainly withstanding in maximising customer value
creation at the same time it is minimising the wastage in particular company. Like in Chemical
Blending Plants there are maximum level of wastage at many stages of production or
manufacturing. So in order to remove this waste in company it is important to look after various
techniques that should be employed for minimising waste, cost, labour utilization in order to
maximise the profits by giving value to all customers. As according to Maltese et al., (2017) it
was included that lean approach would be most beneficial for all type of manufacturing and
production firm like that which are dealing with oil and gas products. All the products and
services which are to be offered to customers by company should be as per their requirements
and need then only company could be earning higher amounts of profits. This could be done in
order to provide the customers with lower level of cost and best priced products that too at higher
and good quality.
Sajedeh et al. (2016) said that it is required by all the production company that they are
analysing all tools and techniques that could be applied and then deciding over them which one
to choose. It was looked up as there lean method would be the best one that is always helping
manufacturing firms to improve their operations and process of company. Some of the benefits
which this method is having after its implementation would be like that of cost effectiveness,
better quality, flexibility and speed in performing all the work in stipulated time. There are also
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various types of lean methods which could be included by firm like that of Just In Time, Kaizen,
Value Stream Mapping (VSM) and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). As it is seen in this
contemporary world that market and firms are very much competitive as they are having pressure
to pursue operational excellence with improvement into their performance. Reduction in cost and
providing higher level of quality of work would be essential as per the part of all companies so
they could be achieving this through efficient use of lean approach. Mainly all the manufacturing
organisation of world in current market would be employing this technique in order to gain the
competitive advantage over the other firms in same market.

As per the view of Ogunbiyi, Goulding and Oladapo (2014) it was said that lean
manufacturing could be defined to as that approach to companies which can through its constant
efforts in the market with that of increasing efficiency of firm and decreasing cost on same time.
This could be better done in way to eliminate all non value added steps or all inefficiencies
within the process of manufacturing the products. All the benefits which are related to company
would be based on both long and short term of company this will be including within whole
organisational structure of the company. Especially in Chemical Blending Plants which would be
leading to various process in making and preparing one particular chemical or oil there arise
larger wastage of input that are been implemented in making of output.
It was said that lean approach would be helping company in many ways like that of
improvement in quality of product which it is manufacturing, visual management of all process
would be corrected, efficiency of production would be increased, dependency on manpower is
reduced and working. Fama and French, (2016) included that mainly through the efforts of senior
management and execution of whole team work this lean approach could be analysed.
2.3 Implementing a Lean approach in the Construction of a Chemical Blending Plant:
Lean approach can often be considered to as great opportunity for many companies as
this would be helping to improve the chance and providing new platforms for all those firms in
order to compete in market. Mainly this approach in the construction of chemical blending plant
is playing very significant role in commencement of one particular project that it is initiating.
Nguyen, Neos and Ton-that, (2017) highlighted many advantages of this lean technique like that
of time saving and cost reduction are one of them. At the starting when this process was
introduced this was only done in order to divide the manufactured products into different parts
and then to pack them in various lots. This procedure was transforming the raw material which is
used into production purpose and then to blend it into finished or semi-finished goods that are to
be used in other ways. But this was the traditional way to handle and produce the product with
the use of lean approach. In the current or contemporary world this method is been used in
almost all process parts of manufacturing companies especially in that which are producing
chemical products.
There are many benefits that are been associated with this lean approach so
implementation of the technique would be very much good decision which management of

company would be taking. It was said by the Drew, McCallum and Roggenhofer, (2016). that if
they are been including this into their process then the first help which they would be getting
should be that of reduction of time which it would b taken at the time of delivery of products and
services. If the time is been saved so that could be implemented on some other task which would
surely be increasing production of goods and services. As in the Chemical Blending there are
number of steps which they or production managers need to perform or undertake in order to
produce the output product. There is lot of time and cost which is wasted or invested either it is
essential that they are keeping track or check. Garza-Reyes, (2015) included that lean
manufacturing should be implemented with continuous improvement into their process including
both waste water management and chemicals.
There would be involving many stages and many other components or equipments which
would be forming the part of chemical blending procedures like that of boilers, compressed air or
thermal oxidisers. It was also said that the Just in Time approach which is most popularly known
to as in Toyota production system could also be implemented within the company that
particularly used to reduce the flow of time into the production of output. It was also used as the
purpose of suppliers who are into their supply chain so that their time would be saved. Thus, lean
approach would be termed to as the cross functional task of company which would also be
requiring very good amount of leadership so that they could be able to deal with all type of
people who have been involved into company. Govindan and et.al., 2015 included that team
leader should be having specified set of skills related to that of analytical one whose aim must be
on visualizing and improvement within process.
The more company is been implementing this approach more they would be involving
into reduction of work in progress and the level of inventories like within the case of materials
and that related to information of company. If this work in process is been reduced then this
would surely be leading to more saving of time and that of labour who could then be doing some
more other work. Their productivity would also be improved and increased if their working time
is been saved this would also be leading to change in the quality of work so they could be easily
giving this good service and quality of products to their customer. This is also regarded to as
main and most important task of any company which would be included to as providing better
quality of products to all the customers of firm so that we could be lowering down the cost which
firm is incurring over the making, packaging and selling or distribution of the products.

As per the viewpoint of Graban, (2016) increasing within the simplicity or simplification
of the procedures which would thus be leading to more maximisation of value added into
products and service of the company. In the consumption of raw material or other input which
company would be putting within the whole procedures would be decreased as well so firm is
then working in more effective manner or reducing time consumption as well.
2.4 Benefits of Implementing a Lean approach leading to cost effectiveness in construction of a
Chemical Blending Plant:
Increase into the production with elimination of waste that too with the use of lean tools
and techniques for Chemical Blending Plant is the first and most important benefit which is
leading to cost effectiveness within construction as well. With the help of this lean technique
company would also be remaining competitive into market as they are then serving the best
quality of products and service to its customers who would be more attracted towards it. The
elimination of waste would not only be into the case of money but this is also linked with that if
human resource, designing, inventory and that of whole production procedures. Heizer, (2016)
said that Just in time and other methods of lean approach would be related to that of supply chain
management and reducing down the time on which product is been reaching to end use
customers. The benefits in tern of cost effectiveness would be including that related to both short
and long terms after firm is implementing the lean methods into their production procedures
would be that of:
Improved in quality: it was included that this technique was implemented firstly in order
to improvise the quality of work which workers are doing. All the issues which they were facing
during their working procedures should be solved out thus improving quality both that of work
and that of the products which they would be delivering to end user. Company would be having
cost effectiveness in this order which is better in meeting the demand of customers. Quality of
product is the aim of every company as this would be helping them in attaining the goal of
maximisation of profits. This is also the demand of many customers in getting the best quality of
products from all companies so that there is no issue in consumption of goods and service which
the firm is providing to its customers.
Increased in efficiency: Heizer, (2016) said that if the time and cost firm is been saved
then this would be leading to increased into the efficiency both that of machines and employees

of the firm. The methods and procedures which company is using would be improved and their
working time would also be reduced. Lean approach is ensuring that working efficiency of all the
workers in the company is been improving with the help of better quality of service. Cost would
be controlled and there would be no wastage of money thus ensuring that efficiency or
effectiveness of firm is maintained in respect to other market competitors of firm.
Involvement of the whole company: this method of improvement of lean procedures
would be leading to involve the whole company on each and every level. As the efficiency of
entire firm would be leading to increase of fields in construction of chemical blending plant.
Lean approach would be helping to promote concept of team working and every individual who
is working in company is the part of team as well so their working would generally be affecting
way in which company is performing.
Eliminating problems: all the task and working of company should be depending upon
identification and evaluation of problems so this would be becoming more easy and simple.
Production managers can now identify what is actual problem and how it could b solved out with
the use of methods and techniques that are easy. Thus, helping in raising the effectiveness of
working and functioning of organisation with eliminating all issues that is been faced by
construction of Chemical Blending Plant like that of Biyaq Oilfield Service Keyte and Locher,
(2016) included. If the problems of company would be solved out then they could easily
concentrate on other things which are productive and more important for the company.
Easier management: this could be regarded to as the way or in proper manner which
company is adopting to do their work in order to manage all work. If company is utilizing or
putting lean method into their working then it will become easy for them to manage their work in
proper and orderly manner. This would be helping in enhancing the working environment and
then accelerating the rate working of company. If the management procedures of company is
easy then it would also be increasing production level of firm by managing the people in
effective manner.
Improved in Visual management: Olesen and et.al., (2015) also involved this point as
they said that if the cost or amount of production is been saved then this amount could be
invested into other implementation of technology like that of visual scanning of products which
are processed into company. All the abnormalities if any are there then this would be identified

with the help of this technology reduction into the errors of production would be witnessed in
this following part.
Safer work environment: working efficiency would be improved and this would be
leading to employee having time for other works like that of learning and getting training about
safety and security procedures of company. Thus, this would be leading to safe working
environment if employee is having knowledge about how to handle the situations or eliminating
them all. According to Piercy and Rich, 2015 if all the threats and issues are brought down then
this is building better and safer environment to work into. This will ultimately directing to
promote cost efficiency, raising rate of production, giving good storage facility to help the plant
to operate into their production procedures in easy to do manner.
2.5 Provision of more Storage Space and better Customer Services due to the application of Lean
Approach:
Storage could be defined to that part of firm which is engaging them into commencement
of the activity that is related to marketing one. The steps like stock maintenance, storing of the
raw material or that of finished products would be included within the part of storage function.
This will be requiring more spaces to put or store the goods which are both raw material or
finished one safeguarding them from been destroyed or harmed by any forces. As per the view of
Prajogo Oke and Olhager, (2016) Chemical Blending Plant would be having very huge sites so
they would be requiring space to store their products before selling into market. This would be
playing very important role in this type of chemical industry in order to ensuring that there is
proper functioning of this blending plant. On the other hand it is also important to provide the
better quality of service and products to customers so that they are main source of revenue
generation for the firms. So this lean approach would be helping in both these activities of firm
which is storage space and that of giving better service to its customers. The storage would be
playing significant role in order to ensure the proper functioning of the chemical blending plant.
It was included by the Thanki, Govindan and Thakkar, 2016 that this storage facility
would be having various test and analysis which are been performed to consider a room for the
storage of all materials and resources. As they all are very much valuable and important to that
company which is only dealing with output and producing it with the inputs given to them. So
proper maintenance of the stock, inventories management and their timely monitoring would be

helping in promoting better storage facility within the company. This would also be preventing
the wastage and misuse of the input that could be arising due to wrong activities need to be
avoided by firm. The chemical plant would be having huge and big machines which would be
occupying most of the space so there must be some provision regarding this.
Villarreal, Garza-Reyes and Kumar, 2016 said that strategies and plans which would be
implementing on the customers so that company could be giving them the best quality of goods
and services by brining out effective changes in operation of a company. So if the company is
considering the lean approach then this could be impacting much of the quality of work which
employee is doing so that company is able to achieve its mission and goals. Due to application of
lean approach they could be leading to have good and strong customer base after they are been
able to do their production work in more efficient manner.
2.6 Summary:
Inlue of all these points which are stated above it could be said that lean approach or
technique if are applied into the construction of Chemical Blending Plant in Oman by the Biyaq
Oilfield Service then this would be beneficial for them. This would be impacting the growth or
firm, better quality of products would be available to customers and cost or time both would be
saved for the company. It was summarised that with the implementation of the lean approach it
would be possible that for the company in developing and building a chemical blending plant in
Oman without having any kind of issue or delay in the customer service.

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
Research methodology (RM) chapter is the essential part in dissertation, it helps
researcher in involving correct instruments in the research that can support in gaining accurate
answers of the research problems. RM is the theoretical analysis method of conducting an
investigation in effective manner (Quinlan, 2018). It encompasses of various tools and
techniques such as paradigm, philosophies, approaches that assist scholar in developing in-depth
understanding about the topic and finding accurate results. Research methodologies support the
researcher in searching about the problem in systematic manner and finding accurate answers
about the issues (Meredith and et.al, 2017). These key facts help in resolving concern problems
easily.
The present investigation has been carrying out in order to undermine the fact related to
the implementation of the Lean approach and its impact in the construction of a Chemical
Blending Plant in Oman. Research methods have supported researcher in dealing well with the
research variables and gaining expected outcome (van Hees and et.al, 2016). This chapter will
involve techniques that aid in identifying cause and relationship between lean approach and
operational efficiency.
3.2 Research philosophy
Research philosophy is the tool that describes belief of scholar about the way in which
data can be gathered. This tool assist investigator in finding various sources that can give in-
depth detail about nature of study. It completely looks upon the nature and development of
knowledge of the researcher so that individual can become able to address research problems.
Selection of this method impact on practical application of the dissertation. If individual fails to
chose correct tool that it may fail to get expected results (Kovach, 2015). There are various kinds
of research philosophies that are applied in different studies. Positivism is the type of tool that
conducts entire investigation from objective view point. In this approach researcher does not take
support of human being, individual observe the facts in order to get answers. It conducts entire
investigation in logical manner by performing experimental observations. This is the tool that
helps researcher in finding the best solution for the research problem and finding accurate
answers (Khan, 2014). On other hand interpretivism is another type of research philosophy

which carry out entire investigation from subjective point of view. This philosophy believes that
natural environment can give more in-depth detail about the topic and can assist in finding the
solution of research problems. Furthermore, realism is another kind of method, it is related with
scientific enquiry (Chauhan and et.al, 2015). This approach pays more attention on disclosing
truth regarding the objects.
In the present dissertation researcher has used interpretivism research philosophy in order
to undermine the fact related to the implementation of the Lean approach and its impact in the
construction of a Chemical Blending Plant in Oman. The main reason of applying this approach
is that in the present study researcher is required to get real facts about the working of lean
approach and its benefit in order to improve operations of the company. Thus, this method has
supported in emphasis on nature of the problem which is associated with the study and analysing
quantifiable information in significant manner (Eggert and et.al, 2014). By this way individual
has become able to address research problems and finding results.
3.3 Research approach
Research approach is considered as essential tool, it supports in undermining different
aspects of the research issue and carry out investigation in effective manner. It follows broad
assumptions in order to gather detail information about the topic. There are two major types of
approaches: inductive and deductive. Both these methods are applied in different type of
dissertation and research project. It is very important for the scholar that to select appropriate
tool that can help the scholar in finding key facts about the topic. Inductive approach is the type
of method in which researcher involves theories and models by using data related to subject
matter (Fox and Alldred, 2015). There is no need to develop hypotheses. The main agenda of
applying this methodology in the dissertation is to use primary information in order to get
meaningful results. Inductive method is concerned with developing new theory so that research
problems can be addressed significantly. This can be used in qualitative and quantitative both
types of dissertation. On other hand deductive approach is another type of method that is
generally applies in only quantitative type of researches. In this method individual has to
formulate hypotheses and test these hypotheses in order to get accurate results. It is very essential
for scholar that to apply correct approach that can be the best suitable for the study so that valid
results can come out (Pearson, Albon and Hubball, 2015).

In order to undermine the fact related to the implementation of the Lean approach and its
impact in the construction of a Chemical Blending Plant in Oman researcher has used inductive
research approach. This has supported scholar in generating new theory and developing
understanding factors related with lean approach (Quinlan, 2018). It is the approach that is being
used by investigator in order to develop link between lean approach and improvement in the
business. It is suitable for the current research paper, by this way individual has become able to
collect information related with subject matter in effective manner and addressing research
problems.
3.4 Research paradigm
Research paradigm is the model or set of common belief that develops understanding of
researcher in understanding problems in the study and addressing these issues in appropriate
manner. There are various types of paradigm: Ontology, epistemology and methodology.
Ontology explains the reality about the subject matter, Epistemology deals with developing
better understanding about the reality and research problems (Meredith and et.al, 2017). These
beliefs that reality can be measured easily by paying more attention on reliable sources.
Researcher has to interpret reality in order to discover the facts about the topic. Researcher has
used epistemology paradigm in order to undermine the fact related to the implementation of the
Lean approach and its impact in the construction of a Chemical Blending Plant in Oman. This
has supported researcher in gathering data in logical manner and getting extensive finding (van
Hees and et.al, 2016). That has developed understanding of scholar and supported in completing
entire dissertation in effective manner.
3.6 Research design
It is set method that describe outline of entire dissertation. This assists in measuring
variables and addressing research problem in appropriate manner. Research design works as
blueprint that helps investigator in controlling over various factors so that valid findings can
come out at the end of the study. This describes planning regarding gathering of data and
analysing these details (Chauhan and et.al, 2015). There are several kinds of design: descriptive,
experimental, exploratory designs. Exploratory research design is the type of tool that explore
the research problem and find new area to investigate about the topic broadly. It is applies in the
condition when there are fewer researches have been conducted on the same subject. The focus

of researcher is to gain insight understanding about research problem so that it can be addressed
effectively. It allows scholar in presenting well grounded picture of the situation so that valid
results can come out. Exploratory research design is applies in the situation when scholar
involve less sample size in the study (Pearson, Albon and Hubball, 2015). On other hand
descriptive research design is another type of method that helps in describing facts related to the
topic so that researcher can get accurate results. It provides clear picture of situation and describe
this picture in effective manner. This is the best tool that supports the scholar in justifying
current practices and developing theories related to the subject mater. This approach does not
give conclusive answers about the topic but it describes each element and give in-depth detail
about all involved factors (Quinlan, 2018). Researcher take support of large sample size in order
to analyses details deeply. Furthermore, experimental research design is another type of tool in
which researcher do exterminates in order to identify situation, if results do not as per the
expectation then individual change variable. By experimenting the facts' researcher become able
to get valid results about the topic.
In order to undermine the fact related to the implementation of the Lean approach and its
impact in the construction of a Chemical Blending Plant in Oman, scholar has applied
exploratory research design (Meredith and et.al, 2017). This has helped the scholar in conducing
the research in systematic manner. This has supported the scholar in presenting well grounded
picture regarding lean approach and its impact on chemical blending plant in Oman.
3.7 Research strategy
Research strategy is the way through which scholar decides the way in which investigator
wants to conduct the research. Strategy of scholar impacts on entire study and affect overall
results to great extent. It is the technique that pertain to give accurate structure to the study so
that valid research can come out (Fox and Alldred, 2015). Two main types of strategies are:
qualitative and quantitative. Both these have unique characteristics and are applied in different
types of dissertation.
Qualitative research strategy is the type of method in which researcher takes support of
theories and models. Individual gathers qualitative details that can develop understanding about
the research area (Quinlan, 2018). These theories and model support scholar in getting deep
information about the subject matter and giving correct direction to the research. On other hand

quantitative research strategy is another type of method in which scholar involve statistical facts,
number in the study in order to find out authentic answers related to research problems. Both
these strategies are helpful in carrying out the research in effective manner and finding accurate
answer to the researcher. In this strategy, investigator search data from official sites of company
or the same industry in order to extend their knowledge and finding deep information about the
issue (Meredith and et.al, 2017).
In the present dissertation on undermine the fact related to the implementation of the
Lean approach and its impact in the construction of a Chemical Blending Plant in Oman, scholar
has applied both qualitative and quantitative research strategies. Both these techniques have
supported investigator in involving correct detail about the topic and gaining in-sight detail
related to lean approach. The current research paper discusses the effectiveness of lean approach
in order to make improvement in the plan (Pearson, Albon and Hubball, 2015). For that it is
essential for the researcher that to use both qualitative and quantitative information so that
individual can get to know real facts regarding lean approach. This has supported researcher in
developing understanding and completing the dissertation in accurate manner.
3.8 Data Collection
Data collection is the process of gathering details regarding the topic. This supports the
researcher in finding answers of the research questions. It is considered as standardized manner
through which individual can develop their understanding and can address research problems in
effective manner (Eggert and et.al, 2014). Mainly two types of methods use by scholar in order
to gather details about the topic. Primary and secondary are two main methods of data collection.
Primary data collection is the tool that assist researcher in gathering current information about
the topic. This is the method in which scholar collects information by own. Individual does not
use any earlier detail related to the topic. Thus, it assists the researcher in analysing real picture
of the situation. By this way individual and develop understanding and can address research
question in effective manner. On other hand secondary data collection is another method in
which scholar take support of already available details (van Hees and et.al, 2016). There are
many researchers those who have conducted their study on the same topic. By this way
investigator get detail idea related to subject matter that assist the researcher in answering

research question easily. Both these data collection methods are effective in order to address
research problems and finding correct detail regarding the subject matter.
If individual fails to involve correct details and involve rigorous data then it may impact
on overall results of the study (Pearson, Albon and Hubball, 2015). In order to select the correct
method of gathering details it is very important for the researcher that to chose correct method so
that right data can be involved in the study and accurate results can come out. As in the present
study researcher has applied qualitative and quantitative studies both thus, researcher has
selected both primary and secondary data collection methods. In order to involve primary
information in the study researcher has used interview and questionnaire techniques (Quinlan,
2018). There will be some open ended and close ended questions that has been asked with
interviewees. Researcher has recorded their responses and on the bases of their responses
individual has developed understanding regarding lean approach and its benefit in order to
improve operations of the industry. Scholar has also applied secondary data collection sources
and has gathered information about lean approach in the industry from books, official websites,
journals. All these materials have helped the investigator in finding real answerers about the lean
approach and its effectiveness in the industry. By accessing official websites researcher has got
to know issues in the operations and how lean approach can support them in improving their
operational efficiency by applying this method (Meredith and et.al, 2017).
3.9 Sampling
Sampling is the method that assist in determining the part of population those who can
give correct answerers about the research questions. It is very important to involve correct people
those who have knowledge about the topic so that they can give good detail about units and can
support in developing understanding about the subject matter. Sampling works as source of
gathering information (van Hees and et.al, 2016). There are various types of sampling technique
that assist researcher in knowing better about the research area. Probability and non probability
are two main types of methods. Probability is the method in which each sample has high chances
of getting selected in the investigation. This supports researcher in getting reliable results.
Random, stratified etc. are the main sampling techniques. In the random sampling process
individual select applicant randomly in the dissertation. This assists in getting answers on lean
approach and its impact in improving operational efficiency (Fox and Alldred, 2015). On other

hand stratified sampling is another method in which scholar divide people in strata and on the
bases of particular strata they involve people in the investigation. On other hand non probability
is another type of sampling technique in which respondents do not get equal chance to be part of
study. Quto and purposive sampling are the great examples of this type of sampling method. In
the Quto sampling method individual sets a quota and gathers information from them. Purposive
sampling is technique in which researcher selects samples for specific purpose only (Kovach,
2015).
In the present dissertation on undermine the fact related to the implementation of the
Lean approach and its impact in the construction of a Chemical Blending Plant in Oman, scholar
has chosen purposive sampling technique. This is the best suitable method and has helped
researcher in involving such people those who can give in-depth details about the topic. In this
study researcher has involved higher officials of the same industry (Pearson, Albon and Hubball,
2015). They are the most suitable people because they have good knowledgable about operations
of the industry thus, they are able to give deep details about the subject matter.
It is essential to involve correct number of respondents in the study so that valid and
reliable information can be gathered. For this, researcher has considered 5 high officials from the
same industry (Quinlan, 2018). These 5 high officials have good knowledge and are the experts.
They have good experience in the plant industry. Thus, they have given deep detail about lean
approach that has supported researcher in developing understanding about lean approach and its
benefits for improving operational efficiency.
3.10 Data Analysis
Data analyses is the technique of analysing data and evaluate details so that researcher
can get valid output. It is most important aspect because overall results are depended upon the
analyses' technique of scholar. There are two main types of studies : qualitative and quantitative.
In both these techniques' researcher applies different analyses tools. In the quantitative studies'
researcher take support of SPSS tool that supports in analysing data by applying statistical tools.
On other hand in the qualitative study researcher uses thematic analyses tool (Chauhan and et.al,
2015). Both these tools support the scholar in finding accurate answers and drawing a valid
conclusion on the topic.

As present study is all about undermine the fact related to the implementation of the Lean
approach and its impact in the construction of a Chemical Blending Plant in Oman, for that
scholar has conducted investigation by applying both methods: qualitative and quantitative
(Meredith and et.al, 2017). Thus, researcher has used software Microsoft excel in order to
analyses the data and finding results. Investigator has recorded responses of participants in excel
sheet ad applied statistical tools such as mean, mode, standard deviation. Scholar has asked
questions and has also used descriptive analyses method. As this research is conceptualized thus,
in order to identify relationship between depended and independent variables' scholar has applied
statistical analyses tool (Quinlan, 2018). Scholar has gone through from authentic process that
has supported researcher in using secondary sources well and finding accurate answers about
benefits of lean approach in order to raise operations of the industry. Both these methods were
accurate for the current study because by this way individual has become able to get culmination
of research results (Pearson, Albon and Hubball, 2015).
3.11 Ethical consideration
Ethical consideration is most important part of dissertation, it helps the scholar in
completing the entire study in effective manner without applying any unethical practices. There
are certain standards that are essential for the scholar to follow, if individual fails to follow these
ethical aspects then it may create complication for the person. Ignorance of research ethical may
create complication for the scholar to great extent (Eggert and et.al, 2014). In order to avoid
complications, scholar has collected all data regarding the industry and its operations from
government approved sources and official sites. This has supported researcher in minimizing
false data and all the details that are being used in the current study are authentic. Researcher has
taken prior permission from the respondents before involving them in the investigation. Taken
permission or concern plays significant role in the study. If individual do not take concern of
them then it may create huge trouble for the research (Khan, 2014). In order to avoid this
problem scholar has sent these people consent form on their email id. All the details have been
written in this consent form. On the bases of this, participants have signed these details and have
given their consent to share their views with investigator.
Researcher has maintained privacy in the entire study, individual has not shared details
with third party. This has helped the scholar in avoiding complications. Investigator has kept

secure all the collected data and responses of clients in password protect computer. Individual
has not shared password of computer with anyone (Pearson, Albon and Hubball, 2015). Scholar
has clarified objective of conducting the research on lean approach in this industry by this way
all the respondents have taken interest in this investigation and have given their positive concern
for this study. This has helped the researcher in getting approval for the study.
3.12 Research limitations
While carrying out the research, scholar has faced many issues. One of the major issue
that is faced by individual is lack of financial resources. Researcher was not having adequate
monitory resources to complete this dissertation. But scholar has make proper schedule and has
utilized resources well (Quinlan, 2018). That has helped the scholar in completing this
investigation within available resources. Furthermore, another research limitation of the study
was that initially respondents were not ready to share their responses. But scholar had good
communication skill that has helped the researcher in making them aware with the real objective
of conducting this investigation. By this way scholar has become able to make them ready to
share their views. This is the great support for the researcher and helped in gathering in-depth
detail about lean approach and its impact on operations in the industry (Pearson, Albon and
Hubball, 2015).
Individual was having limited period of time for completing the dissertation. In such
short duration it was difficult to carry out investigation on such technical topic. Lean approach is
the vast topic thus, researcher was required more time. Taking permission from higher officials
was time taking procedure thus, it was difficulty to complete this study on time (Chauhan and
et.al, 2015). But proper scheduling and good communication skill has helped the investigator in
utilizing times resources well ad completing the entire study within stipulated time.

CHAPTER 4: DATA COLLECTION and ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction
Data Analysis is most important chapter that helps the researcher in evaluating data and
finding accurate results on the topic. If scholar fails to measure details well then it may create
complication for the researcher and individual may get failed to address research problems
significantly (Quinlan, 2018). In the present study on undermine the fact related to the
implementation of the Lean approach and its impact in the construction of a Chemical Blending
Plant in Oman, researcher has applied qualitative and quantitative both analysis technique.
Scholar has used Microsoft excel software in order to analysis information about lean approach.
Five higher officials of the same industry have been selected for getting answers.
4.2 Thematic analysis for primary data collected through questionnaire.
Theme 1: Managers understand the concept of lean approach that is adopted in production
department
Question 1: Do you
understand the concept of
lean approach that is
adopted in production
department?
Responses Respondents
Yes 4
No 1
Somewhat 0
Mean 1.666666667
Mode #N/A
Median 1
Standard deviation 2.081665999
Findings and interpretation: from the above graphical representation and table of responses, it
can be interpreted that higher officials think that they are aware of the concept of lean
production. However, out of 5 higher officials, there is only 1 individual who is not aware of the

concept of lean production. Hence, it can be stated that majority group of people are aware of
how lean approach is actually adopted in the production department.
The descriptive values are calculated based on the results received from the respondents.
The calculated mean value is 1.67 which shows that the average mean of all the respondents is
1.67. Further, the calculated value of median is 1. Hence, 1 id the median answer of the question.
In the end, standard deviation has been calculated stating that it is 2.08. It represents that the
values calculated are deviated by 2.08 from the calculated mean value.
In the end, it can be interpreted from the results that majority of the respondents are
aware of lean approach. Hence, it adoption will not be difficult for the company in its production
department.
Theme 2: Adoption of lean approach can be effective for chemical blending plant in Oman
Question 2: Do you think
adoption of lean approach
can be effective approach
for chemical blending
plant in Oman?
Responses Respondents
Yes 3
No 1
Sometimes 1
Mean 2
Mode #N/A
Median 2
Standard deviation 1
Findings and interpretation: From the above graphical representation and table of responses, it
can be analysed that higher officials think that adoption of lean approach can be effective for
chemical blending plant in Oman due to its various benefits that can be achieved by the
company. Out of 5 industrial officials, there are 3 respondents who are in favour of it. It will help
in developing better outputs for the company. However, there is other one respondents who
thinks that it is not an effective approach to be adopted by chemical blending plant of Oman. In

the end, there is one more respondent who thinks that sometimes it may be an effective approach
and sometimes it may not. hence, it can be stated that majority of people are in favour of
adoption of lean approach in production department of chemical blending plant of Oman.
The statistical data found out with then help of excel states that the mean value is 2 and
median value is also 2. However, the standard deviation value of the data in the form of
responses is 1.
It can be interpreted from the above findings at chemical blending plant of Oman can opt
for lean approach of production as it is effective approach to be implemented by the company for
effective amount of production.
Theme 3: Lean approach helps in reducing the overall waste generation of the company
Question 3: Do you think
lean approach helps in
reducing the overall waste
generation of the
company?
Responses Respondents
Yes 5
No 0
To some extent 0
Mean 1.666666667
Mode 0
Median 0
Standard deviation 2.886751346
Findings and interpretation: All of the industrialists, from whom primary data was collected
stated that lean approach helps in reducing the overall waste generation of the company. It also
helps in assessing that there is no respondent who stated that it is an ineffective technique and
hence it does not have any impact on waste management. It shows unison reply from all the
respondents which can help in better decision making.

Calculation of mean stated that the value received from the average of respondent is 1.67.
The calculated mean value based on the output sheet of data is 0 and value of mode is also 0. The
calculated value of standard deviation is 2.89.
From the above findings it can be interpreted that adoption of lean approach in
production can help in reducing the overall generation of waste from the production department
of the company.
Theme 4: Lean approach is an effective activity to be promoted and adopted by chemical
company for optimum utilization of resources
Question 4: Is it an
important activity to be
promoted and adopted by
chemical company for
optimum utilization of
resources?
Responses Respondents
Yes 3
No 2
Sometimes 0
Mean 1.666666667
Mode #N/A
Median 2
Standard deviation 1.527525232
Findings and interpretation: Out of all the industrial respondents, majority of them stated that
lean production is an important activity to be promoted and adopted by chemical company for
optimum utilization of resources. There are 3 people who are favour of it and there are other 2
respondents who do not really support the argument. It such cases, the researcher can go with the
majority and state that lean production helps in optimum utilization of available resources with
the company.
The statistical data in the form of mean, mode, median and standard deviation format
states the results calculated through excel. Mean value through the output is 1.67 and median
value is 2. It also helps in stating the standard deviation value of data as well, which is 1.53.

It can be interpreted from the above finding that adoption of lean production method in
chemical blending plant of Oman can help in optimum utilization of resources by prudently
diving them to each activity.
Theme 5: Reduction in cycle time is the main benefit of adoption of lean production
Question 5: What is the
main benefit of adoption of
lean production? (mark all
that apply)
Responses Respondents
Zero waste 4
Scrap reduction 3
Preventive maintenance 2
Reduction in cycle time 5
Mean 3.5
Mode #N/A
Median 3.5
Standard deviation 1.290994449
Findings and interpretation: Out of 5 respondents, all of them stated that adoption of lean
product ion technique helps in reducing cycle team and each activity is then performed at
comparatively faster pace. 4 of them stated that, it helps in zero waste management activity
where resources can be optimally used in each activity. The other 3 respondents stated that it
helps in waste reduction and majority of the resources are effectively used. In the end, there are 2
respondents who stated that it helps in initiating preventive maintenance for machinery and
equipment used in the overall production department.
The calculated mean value is 3.5 and median value is 3.5 as well. The calculated standard
deviation based on the received responses is 1.29.
Ultimately, it can be interpreted from the results that Reduction in cycle time is the main
benefit of adoption of lean production.
Theme 6: Lean approach will be helpful in scrap reduction
Question 6: Will lean
approach will help the

company in scrap
reduction?
Responses Respondents
Yes 3
No 1
May be 1
Mean 1.666666667
Mode 1
Median 1
Standard deviation 1.154700538
Findings and interpretation: Out of the respondents, 3 of them stated that lean production is an
effective approach to be adopted so as to bring adequate reduction in the scrap value. However,
there is other one industrialists who stated that it does not bring any change in the scrap output of
the factory. There is one more respondent who stated that it may help the company in bringing
the scrap value down. It helps in maintaining and reducing the total scrap value of the
organization.
The calculated mean value of the overall responses is 1.67. However, the value of mode
and median is 1. In the end, the value if standard deviation is 1.15. It can be stated that the values
are close to the specific response of the question and can help in identifying the average of
responses and stated deviation in it.
In the end, it can be stated that, lean production can prove to be useful for blending
chemical company of Oman as it will be helpful in managing resources in such a manner that
minimum possible scrap is produced at the time of production.
Theme 7: It is important to focus on total quality management approach while producing
various chemicals
Question 7: Do you think
it is important to focus on
total quality management
approach while producing
various chemicals?
Responses Respondents

Yes 4
No 0
Sometimes 1
Mean 1.666666667
Mode #N/A
Median 1
Standard deviation 2.081665999
Findings and interpretation: Out of 5 respondents, belonging to chemical industry, it has been
found that majority of the respondents think it is important to focus on total quality management
approach while producing various chemicals. Hence, there are 4 respondents who are favour of
this statement. However, there is only 1 respondent who stated that the method can contribute in
total quality management only a few times and hence it is not possible for all the scenarios.
The mean value of the result indicated to be 1.67. However, the median value if 1 and
value of standard deviation is 2.08. It helps in ascertaining that the values requite close to the
overall response received from all the respondents.
In the end, it can be interpreted that, it is important to focus on total quality management
approach while producing various chemicals. Hence, adoption of lean approach helps in serving
this purpose as well.
Theme 8: Total quality management is an important approach to be adopted by chemical
producing company
Questions 8: Do you think
total quality management
is an important approach to
be adopted by a chemical
producing company?
Responses Respondents
Strongly Agree 0
Agree 3
Neutral 0
Disagree 1
Strongly disagree 1

Mean 1
Mode 0
Median 1
Standard deviation 1.224744871
Findings and interpretation: Out of 5 respondents, 3 of them stated that total quality
management is an important approach to be adopted by chemical producing companies.
However, there is only who disagrees with the statement. There is another 1 respondent who
strongly disagrees with it. It helps in ascertaining that total quality management function is an
important aspect whose adoption in chemical industry can prove to be quite helpful and
beneficial for the company.
The mean and median value of responses is 1. However, the standard deviation value of it
is 1.22. It can be stated tat there is less amount of deviation in the data which is represented with
lesser value of standard deviation.
In the end, it can be interpreted that, Total quality management is an important approach
to be adopted by chemical producing company as it helps in providing better services to the
ultimate consumers of chemical. Moreover, it also helps in initiating better services methods of
production to the department responsible for it.
Theme 9: Just is time is an effective approach to be adopted in lean production
Question 9: What do you
think regarding
effectiveness of just in
time approach in adoption
of lean management
approach?
Responses Respondents
Very effective 2
Effective 1
Ineffective 1
Very ineffective 1

Mean 1.25
Mode 1
Median 1
Standard deviation 0.5
Findings and interpretation: Out of 5 respondents, 2 of them stated that just in time is an
effective approach to be adopted by the organization for better output. However, there are other
in individual each who thinks, it is effective, ineffective and very ineffective aspect. In such case
it can be stated that the reactions of the respondents are quite volatile and its adoption can prove
to be less effective for the company.
The mean value of data collected in 1.25. However, the median and mode value is 1. The
output of standard deviation is 0.5. hence, the data is least deviated.
In the end, it can be interpreted that just in time approach may not be quite effective if not
implemented effectively. In such cases, it becomes important to opt for just in time approach
only if the overall output matches with the requirements and just in time approach can be
effectively adopted.
Theme 10: Adoption of lean approach helps in overall increase in productivity
Question 10: Do you think
adoption of lean approach
helps in overall increase in
productivity?
Responses Respondents
Strongly Agree 0
Agree 2
Neutral 1
Disagree 1
Strongly disagree 1
Mean 1
Mode 1
Median 1
Standard deviation 0.707106781

Findings and interpretation:
From the above analysis it is found that 2 out of 5 respondents have viewed that they are
agreed that adoption of lean approach is beneficial for the firm in increasing their productivity to
great extent. On other hand 1 out of 5 participants have replied that they are neutral in this
respect. 1 out of 5 answerers have said that they are disagreed and 1 has replied that individual is
strongly disagreed with the point that lean approach can improve productivity of the firm. Mean,
median, mode values of responses is 1. Whereas standard deviation is 0.7071. By looking at
statistical data it can be said that there is less amount of deviation in the data. From the above
discussion it can be interpreted that lean approach is quit effective method, that assist in
minimizing errors and resolving issues related with operations.
By this way employees become able to perform well thus, productivity of the business
can get increased. This is the effective method that always support the organization in improving
productivity level. Lean approach is the beneficial method that gives positive results to the entity
and support them in minimizing cost. By this way entity can become able to utilize its resources
well and producing more products. This is the way that helps the firms those which are operating
in the industry can raise their productivity and can improve operational efficiency. That makes
them able to sustain in the market for longer duration and earning more revenues.
4.3 Thematic analysis for primary data collected through interview method.
Theme 1: Adoption of lean approach can help in providing better services to the ultimate
customers
Based on the responses of 5 respondents, it can be interpreted that adoption of lean
approach in the production department can help in providing better services to the ultimate
customers. One of the industrial expert stated that, “It is an impactful aspect if lean management
approach is effectively adopted by the company. Its adoption can help in reducing the waste to
the minimum” However, as per the views of other respondent, he stated that “lean approach is an
effective approach to be adopted by production department of chemical industry. However, it can
come up with effective results only if it has been implemented effectively in the department.”
Analysing the statements given by all the respondents. It can be stated that, effective
implementation of lean approach can only help in delivering better outcomes. It is due to the fact

that lean management approach is able to effectively fulfil the requirements of the customers
within minimum possible time frame.
Another aspect that has been discussed quite often by the five respondent is related to the
fact that lean management is an inevitable function that can be adopted by the organization to
improve its service productivity. It also helps in ensuring that invaluable increase in the
efficiency ultimately results in customer satisfaction. Hence, primary concept of operation and
production is directly related to improving overall efficiency. As a concluding statement, it can
be stated that Adoption of lean approach can help in providing better services to the ultimate
customers
Theme 2: Construction of a Chemical Blending Plant in Oman will lead to the reduction of
storage space due to adoption of lean approach
All the selected five respondents, who are the industrial experts were asked about their
views regarding impact of lean approach on reduction of storage space. One of the respondent
stated that “Adoption of lean management is an important aspect as it helps in managing amount
of raw material, that is required to produce the ultimate goods, required to reach tot eh finished
goods. In such cases, managing accurate amount of raw material as per the cycle time can reduce
the storage space as raw material taken from the suppliers matches with the overall requirements
of the company.” Other respondents who was also in the favour of the statement stated that,
“lean production is an effective approach that can be implemented by the chemical industry.
Since, it is a type of industry that require efforts to be put to ascertain the demand. Based upon
the demand in market, the raw material can be assessed. Lean approach plays an important role
in ascertaining this type of demand. It helps in ensuring that the company is not over stock that it
is not able to use the lying down material and also not understock in situation of which it is not
able to fulfil the requirements and demand of the market. Hence, in such cases, effective role is
played by the management to ensure that successfully implement lean production approach in
production department of blending chemical related company in Oman”
Interpreting the efforts and information given by the industrial experts so as to ascertain
the importance of lean management approach in reducing store space. In such cases, it becomes
important to analyse the prevailing demand in the market and opt for the decision that how much
raw material will be required by the company to produce the expected output. Hence, in such

case, raw material kept in the warehouses are reduced to minimum. Hence, in such cases, it can
be concluded that Construction of a Chemical Blending Plant in Oman will lead to the reduction
of storage space due to adoption of lean approaches.
Theme 3: Adoption of lean approach in Chemical Blending Plant in Oman will help in
generating increased annual sales
It is important to ascertain that whether adoption of lean approach can help the
organization in generating increased annual sales or not. For this aspect, views of the
respondents were collected so as to concrete the understanding regarding subject matter. One of
the industrial expert stated that, “adopting lean production approach can be an effective measure
so as to generate higher sales for the company. It helps in ascertaining that how much material
will be required to cope up with the emerging demand of chemicals in the market. Hence in such
cases, raw material is gathered in a manner that demand in the market can be fulfilled. Moreover,
it also helps in understanding the core aspect of balancing the output and generate higher results
in the form of profitability and higher revenue.” Collecting the views of some other respondent,
it was stated by him that, “lean approach is an effective methodology for the company is
implemented effectively. It also helps in ensuring that all the requirements of the customers are
fulfilled by optimally utilizing the cost of it effective way. It also help in reducing the cost to the
minimum where the company provide the chemicals to the customers at the minimum possible
prices. It such cases, it is able to generate increased annualised sales due to high profit
percentage attached to each product.”
Interpreting the responses given by the respondents, it can be stated that a substantial role
is played by lean approach in enhancing the overall revenue of the organization. It helps in
ensuring that all the resources available with the organization are effectively utilised in such a
manner that the overall cost attached to its production can be reduced to the minimum. It also
helps in ensuring that the chemicals are produced at minimum possible costs so that margin of
profit generated is high. In this manner, Adoption of lean approach in Chemical Blending Plant
in Oman will help in generating increased annual sales.
Theme 4: Adoption of lean approach in supply chain management can help in increasing the
overall capacity of the plant

It is important to analyse the impact of adoption of lean production approach on overall
capacity of the business. It also helps in assessing that whether the supply chain management that
can be adopted by the organization can be enhanced with the help of lean production approach or
not. In this regard, interview was conducted by the researcher where question regarding the same
was asked from industry specialist. One of the respondent stated that, “adopting lean approach in
the production function of a chemical producing organization can be an effective method to
enhance the overall capacity of the business. Each and every step is derived through planning
which helps in ensuring that adequate amount of efforts is put to minimise the number of steps
required to reach to the end results. In my views, lean approach has been the best available
approach to ensure that overall capacity of the organization is enhanced.” Other respondent, with
respect to the same question, stated that, “lean Approach is the operative approach that can be
used by the organization to enhance the overall capacity of the production function. It helps inn
ensuring that end results are received within minimal possible steps ultimately increasing the
amount of chemical produced by the organization per day or in a week.”
It can be interpreted from the results received regarding enhancement in capacity of the
plant that if lean function approach is adopted effectively on production function, then in that
case the quantity of chemical produced by organization enhances due to better management of
steps and available resources required for production.
Theme 5: Chemical Blending Plant in Oman must adopt lean approach for better and
increased output
It is important for the organization to opt for lean production function only if it is able to
produce adequate amount of output out of it. In such scenario, one of the respondent stated that,
“Chemical Blending Plant in Oman must adopt lean approach for better and increased output as
it helped in conducting the activities in a planned manner. Moreover, it also helps in managing
the demand and supply ratio of the company as well. Another respondent stated that “Lean
production is directly linked to better planning aspect. It shows that the company is able to
produce in its maximum capacity in the minimum possible prices.”
From the information provided by respondents, it can be interpreted that, lean production
function is an effective approach to be adopted by the organization for its growth and

profitability. Hence, it can be started that Chemical Blending Plant in Oman must adopt lean
approach for better and increased output.
4.4 Summary
Above analysis can be summarized as that higher officials have good understanding
about lean approach. They understand effectiveness of this method in order to improve
operational efficiency of the business. If chemical blending plant adopts lean approach that it can
help the plant in increasing its productivity and profitability as well. Maximum people are agreed
that if entity adopts lean approach then it gives benefit to the business in reducing wastage. By
this way entity can become able to generate more revenues and raising its productivity. If
Chemical blending plant utilize its resources well then it will help the organization in gaining
more profit and improving efficiency level. By this way cited firm can become able to compete
in the market.

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION and RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Introduction:
In this research report is focus on lean approach to be used in organisation to improve the
production system. This report is based on eliminating the cost of storage space, estimated arrival
time and then to cut down the delivery time together all these would then be providing better
amount of profits after they have provided customer service (Zokaei, K. and et.al., 2016). As per
the above research project there are lot many chapters will be to solve problems. Form the above
research work we have found that mission of company is to become the leading chemical
solution providing firm in terms of oil and gas industries working with great team, reliability,
integrity and maximum customer satisfaction. In this report to be provided the complete solution
for the overall development of organisation in future time period.
5.2 Conclusion:
We have found that industry and having majority of income for this industry only. So it
would be important and easy to deal with the present topic which is inspired by improving
operations by the use of lean approach of technique. In this research report to be focus on
increase the level of customer stratification will be improve is give positive impact on profit of
the organisation. In this report many threats which company need to overcome like that of
increasing demand of customers on worldwide level, entry of rival firm in market or growth of
other current competitors with the use of innovation or technology as well.
This research report is based on the overall improvement in organisation and demand of
the customer will be increase if the production is good and on time will be completed (Villarreal,
Garza-Reyes and Kumar, 2016). The lean production system is to be manage the work or
improve profit is to be increase in market share. We have found in this report is order to remove
this waste in company it is important to look after various techniques that should be employed
for minimising waste, cost, labour utilization in order to maximise the profits by giving value to
all customers. Form the above report is to be some new techniques is to be managed and
production level in work place.
As per the above report is to be manage the work and secondary data will be used to
improve as per the need of client value and profit will be changes over the period. In this report
is to be focus on higher level of quality of work would be essential as per the part of all

companies so they could be achieving this through efficient use of lean approach. Mainly all the
manufacturing organisation of world in current market would be employing this technique in
order to gain the competitive advantage over the other firms in same market. This research
report is based on the company is to be improve level of capacity in organisation and manage the
work or improve the productivity is to be arrange the growth rate in market share. As per the
above reports will be focus on traditional way to handle and produce the product with the use of
lean approach (Zhou, B., 2016). In the current or contemporary world this method is been used in
almost all process parts of manufacturing companies especially in that which are producing
chemical products. In this report to be provided the complete solution for the overall
development of organisation in future time period.

We have found that new way of production will be change the market conditions. These
techniques will be suffer to solve any problem is solved and improve the profit margin. As per
the above report is based on approaches that assist scholar in developing in-depth understanding
about the topic and finding accurate results. Research methodologies support the researcher in
searching about the problem in systematic manner and finding accurate answers about the issues.
These key facts help in resolving concern problems easily. There are new approaches is help to
manage the work or improve market share. We found that some new techniques is measure profit
and production will be change to improve overall future improvement. Form the above report is
data collection is the tool that assist researcher in gathering current information about the topic.
This is the method in which scholar collects information by own. Individual does not use any
earlier detail related to the topic (Thanki, Govindan and Thakkar, 2016). Thus, it assists the
researcher in analysing real picture of the situation. We found that collection of data will be
based on the new method and collect proper information are use in research work.
As per the above report will be focus on research strategy is the type of method in which
researcher takes support of theories and models. Individual gathers qualitative details that can
develop understanding about the research area. This possibility and model aid scholar in getting
deep message about the subject matter and giving correct direction to the research. Some new
strategies is to be used to better the securities' industry investigation and improve the profit and
productivity will be change. In this research report is to be based on sampling technique that
assist researcher in knowing better about the research area. Probability and non probability are
two main types of method acting. Probability is the method in which each sample has high
chances of getting selected the investigation.
Some new techniques is to be based on the overall development and improvement in
market share. To be manage work or improve the production is improved securities industry
research is help to managed that lean production will be changers in market conditions. We have
found that in this research project will be manage work or improve the level of production will
be modification or improve working quality (Prajogo Oke and Olhager, 2016). Lean production
is assistance to improve productivity and profit will be arrange work as per the need of market
value. Thus, it assists the researcher in analysing real picture of the situation. We found that
collection of data will be based on the new method and collect proper information are use in
research work.

5.3 Recommendation
After the whole dissertation which was undertaken it was concluded that firm must be
paying attention on various techniques like that of Just in time or Kaizen so that they are getting
benefits from this. While there was also some recommendations which were made:
 Company should be keeping the track of what are the wastage that are affecting them the
most and in which manner this is affecting them. This would be helping them to analyse
that which type of lean approach they need to implement.
 They should be knowing about all positive and negative affect in order to implement this
approach starting with the amount of change in quality they would be witnessing after
this approach.
 Most be employees of firm was included that they are not having the clear knowledge
about this approach so they must be having enough knowledge in order to implement this
particular practice.
 It was also recommended that chemical blending plant in Oman should be adopting this
lean approach within their operations so that they could gain its various advantage within
their working.
 If the company is using and implementing this approach then surely they would be
gaining increased in cost, revenue, sales and better quality of product which will be
leading to increased in customer base.

REFERENCES
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APPENDICES
Questionnaire
Name: _________________
Department: _____________
Experience in years: _______
Question 1: Do you understand the concept of lean approach that is adopted in production
department?
Yes
No
Somewhat
Question 2: Do you think adoption of lean approach can be effective approach for chemical
blending plant in Oman?
Yes
No
Sometimes
Question 3: Do you think lean approach helps in reducing the overall waste generation of the
company?
Yes
No
To some extent
Question 4: Is it an important activity to be promoted and adopted by chemical company for
optimum utilization of resources?
Yes
No
Sometimes

Question 5: What is the main benefit of adoption of lean production? (mark all that apply)
Zero waste
Scrap reduction
Preventive maintenance
Reduction in cycle time
Question 6: Will lean approach will help the company in scrap reduction?
Yes
No
May be
Question 7: Do you think it is important to focus on total quality management approach while
producing various chemicals?
Yes
No
Sometimes
Questions 8: Do you think total quality management is an important approach to be adopted by
a chemical producing company?
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Question 9: What do you think regarding effectiveness of just in time approach in adoption of
lean management approach?
Very effective

Effective
Ineffective
Very ineffective
Question 10: Do you think adoption of lean approach helps in overall increase in productivity?
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Interview questions
Question 1: Do think that adoption of lean approach can help in providing better services to the
ultimate customers?
Ans
__________________________________________________________________________
Question 2: Whether the construction of a Chemical Blending Plant in Oman will lead to the
reduction of storage space due to adoption of lean approach?
Ans
__________________________________________________________________________
Question 3: Do you think adoption of lean approach in Chemical Blending Plant in Oman will
help in generating increased annual sales?
Ans
__________________________________________________________________________
Question 4: Do you think adoption of lean approach in supply chain management can help in
increasing the overall capacity of the plant?
Ans

__________________________________________________________________________
Question 5: In the end, can it be stated that Chemical Blending Plant in Oman must adopt lean
approach for better and increased output?
Ans_________________________________________________________________________
_