Conflict Resolution: India-Pakistan Kashmir Conflict

This article provides an overview of the India-Pakistan Kashmir conflict, including its impact on both countries, key actors involved, and potential solutions for conflict resolution. The conflict has led to increased terrorism and economic challenges for both countries, and effective plans and strategies must be developed to resolve the issue.

Running head: Conflict resolution
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Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................3
Conflict between India and Pakistan............................................................................................................3
Conflict situations and key actors in conflict...............................................................................................4
Trends, development and sources in conflict resolution..............................................................................5
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................5
References...................................................................................................................................................7
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Introduction
The main aim of this task is to provide a brief overview about the conflict which is raised
between India and Pakistan. Kashmir conflict has been selected in the task that is a major
concern in front of both the countries. Due to Kashmir issues, terrorism has increased day by day
which is affecting the life of people adversely. Along with this, the paper explains that how
Kashmir conflict may affect the success and growth of India and Pakistan. The key actors which
are involved in Kashmir conflict has been discussed in the task. Further detail of the task has
been stated below.
Conflict between India and Pakistan
India is a well know country in South Asia and it is a seventh biggest country in the
world measured by area. It is a democratic country having second highest population. The
current population of India is approx 132.42 crores (Indiapopulation, 2018). Furthermore, it
maintains good and dynamic culture in the world. On the other hand, Pakistan is an Islamic
country in South Asia and it is a fifth most populous country in the world. It is 33rd biggest
country measured by area (Labourwatchpakistan, 2018). Due to various conflicts between India
and Pakistan, various Muslims continued to live in India. The various issues between India and
Pakistan include nuclear threat, nuclear rivalry, war of Kargil, Kashmir revolution (Merrills,
2017).
One of the biggest issues between two countries is Kashmir revolution that influences the
operations of both the countries. The armed resistance broke out in the state of Jammu and
Kashmir in 1989. As a result separate group were founded. Kashmir issue is a territorial issue
between Pakistan and India that was started in 1947 after the partition of both the countries. Due
to this conflict, people are fighting for freedom in today’s era. Along with this, this conflict also
has become a major challenge for Indian government (Merrills, 2017). Various issues are being
faced by India due to conflict issue. Trade and tourism is affecting and economy of the country is
also facing several challenges. India is unable to afford more infrastructure projects due to
Kashmir conflict (Mushtaq, 2015). In addition, Kashmir is a core part of the Indian culture
therefore; any separation might be affected the Indian union. India is continuously trying to
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occupy most parts of Kashmir while the Pakistan is refuting such a territorial occupation.
Pakistan manages and controls a part of the territory and at the same time Pakistan refutes India’s
claim. Due to conflict issue, various issues and challenges are being faced by both the countries
(Zia & Syedah, 2015).
Conflict situations and key actors in conflict
The Kashmir conflict presents a very complex situation in India and Pakistan which may
influence the relations of both the countries. The government of both the countries looks into this
conflict so that people understand this problem and resolve it. Along with this, India always
claims to be a rightful ruler of Kashmir (Gadda, 2014). Currently, India is unable to know and
understand that how to maintain silence and peace in the region. Due to Kashmir conflict,
Pakistan has been able to gain more opportunities to hit the India. Kashmir conflict also
influences the sovereignty of India. Along with this, Kashmir is very beautiful and attractive
place for various tourists both from India and outside India. If Kashmir conflict is not resolved
then India will lose the Kashmir tourism industry. Moreover, it creates tensions between both the
countries. Additionally, India had spent huge amount on Kashmir’s infrastructure, tunnels,
bridges and building a lot of roads. If the country loses Kashmir, it can become a great loss for
India. Annexation and occupation of Kashmir by Pakistan will not be a welcome move for
Kashmiri youths. As a result, it would create violence in Kashmir (Kohli and Mittal, 2016).
Kashmir conflict is one most dangerous flashpoint for India because it is increasing terrorism in
India. Currently, terrorist attacks are going on due to Kashmir issue. Terrorism is the biggest
headache for both the countries. Mahatma Gandhi played enormous role in partition of India and
Pakistan. Therefore, he was the main player in India and Pakistan partition. J.L. Nehru and
M.A.Jinnah also played major role in Kashmir conflict. Currently five groups are fighting in
Kashmir such as Hizb-ul-Mujanhideen, Jaish-e-Mohammad, Lakshar-e-Tayyiba, Harakat-ul-
Mujahideen and Al Badr. They are supporting Pakistan to handle the Kashmir issue. Along with
this, the political parties include The Jammu and Kashmir democratic freedom party and The
Jammu and Kashmir People’s Democratic Party. These parties’ promoter and advocates self rule
for Jammu and Kashmir. The Indian political parties include The Indian National Congress and
The Jammu and Kashmir National conference party (Hussain, 2015).
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Trends, development and sources in conflict resolution
India and Pakistan should make effective and unique plans, policies and strategies to resolve
Kashmir conflict. Various recommendations have been given to handle these issues that are
discussed below.
 India and Pakistan should engage freely elected representatives of the Kashmiri people
and all partners in Kashmir negotiations.
 The government should make strict rules and laws to eliminate this conflict.
 The government should provide compensation for loss of life and private property. It will
help to reduce conflict in Kashmir.
 Apart from this, the international agencies must promote and encourage sustainable
economic development. The hills are significant for both the countries therefore; the
countries should control the hills because these hills are important for armies.
 Prime Minister Modi’s government is getting alternatives to reach out to Muslim leaders
in other parts of the country.
 Each action of Pakistan must be well documented before any disciplinary counter action
is taken. Modi’s government invest approx 320 crore for rehabilitation of the Kashmir
migrants. In addition, both the countries should understand the culture of each other to
maintain reciprocal relationship.
 In addition, the government should create favorable conditions to allow the peaceful
return of all refugees to Kashmir. All government records and proceedings shall be
accessible to the public and the press to settle Kashmir conflict.
 India and Pakistan should establish an independent mechanism for a neutral third party
investigation of human rights violations. Along with this, both the counties should seek
creative and innovative solutions in honoring Kashmiri aspirations.
 In addition, unique and effective agreement must be made to handle Kashmir conflict.
Conclusion
On the above mentioned study, it can be concluded that Kashmir conflict is one of the
dangerous issue in India and Pakistan which may influence the harmony and peace of both the
countries. Although, various rules and regulations have been made by both the countries but
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unfortunately the countries are failed to resolve this issue. Effective plans, rules and strategies
must be made by countries to handle and resolve this issue.
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References
Gadda, D.N., 2014. 'Partial Journalism'--A study of national media of India and Kashmir
conflict. Trends in Information Management, 10(1).
Hussain, T., 2015. Kashmir dispute. Regional and Ethnic Conflicts: Perspectives from the Front
Lines, 41.
Indiapopulation, 2018. Population of India 2018 [Online]. Available at
http://indiapopulation2018.in/. [Retrieved on 8th April 2018).
Indiatvnews, 2018. 11steps taken by Modi govt to make safe, secure [Online]. Available at
https://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/11-steps-taken-by-modi-govt-to-make-india-safe-
secure-31753.html. [Retrieved from 8th April 2018]
Kohli, R. and Mittal, K.L., 2016. Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning:
Methods for Surface Cleaning(Vol. 9). William Andrew.
Labourwatchpakistan, 2018. About Pakistan 2018 [Online]. Available at
http://labourwatchpakistan.com/about-pakistan/. [Retrieved on 8th April 2018]
Merrills, J.G., 2017. International dispute settlement (6th edition). Cambridge university press.
Merrills, J.G., 2017. International dispute settlement. Cambridge university press. (pp.66-67)
Mushtaq, U., 2015. The political economy of Intra-Kashmir Trade. Progress in Development
Studies, 15(2), (pp.139-153).
Zia, A., & Syedah, H., 2015. Use of print media for conflict resolution and peace building: A
case study of Kashmir dispute. NDU Journal, 161-180.
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