Impact of Mental Disorders on Human Body and Behavior
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This essay explores the impact of mental disorders on the human body and behavior, discussing the symptoms and complications associated with mental illness. It examines the biological and cognitive approaches to understanding and treating mental disorders.
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INDIVIDUAL ESSAY
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TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................................2 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3 MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9
INTRODUCTION In this essay, the discussion is based upon the mental disorder and its impact upon the human body and human behaviour, as a mental disorder related to the mental illness of the person, and its symptoms are depression, anxiety, mania, and paranoia. The complication which these diseases may face is related to suicide cases or other social problems (Barlow, Allen, and Choate, 2016). Thereby, the matters which are covered in this report are relating to analysing the difficulties which are surrounding and explaining the mental disorders. It further associated with influencing the concept of the self and social factors, which helps in understanding the concept of individual criminal behaviours. MAIN BODY In respect of mental disorder, the primary point lies in the form of abnormality, which stated that the person carrying the abnormal behaviour or such behaviour which is not typical in comparison to other people. By undertaking the two psychological models, such as biological models and cognitive models, results in showing a significant impact upon the mental disorder among the persons. In the case of examining the biological approaches, it suggested that this arises with an abnormality in physical defects in the brain, or sometimes the issues of genetics are also raised in these aspects (Borsboom, 2017). The biological approach is one of the most challenging methods, as the chances of improvement are less until special care is undertaken.In this case, the difficulty in analysing if the issue is a mental disorder is that the person is not reacting in a usual manner or also not doing the things in the right way. The impact on the body is raised through mental stress or anxiety in not attempting such things. Thus, difficulty in explaining the mental disorder to abnormal behaviour through the abnormal mind is shown (Bringmann and Eronen, 2018). In the context of Cognitive Approaches, the human behaviours of the person are examined through minutely viewing their expression and languages and also understanding the reason behind facing conflict to attempt any task.The person mainly reacts in these aspects by not accepting the taste of particular things or giving judgment after examining another person's reaction to specific situations (Carter and et al., 2017). The psychological theory is mainly adapted in respect of changing the thoughts of the person regarding how they think or interpret the matters to provide better results. In this aspect, the explanation to the mental disorders is indicted in respect of getting aggressive in particular things or going into depression, if a sure
thing is not working as per their set directions. In these aspects, the situation relating to mental disorders is indicated in respect of not behaving normally or not taking the right decision which is undertaken by the person on particular things (Guloksuz, Pries and Van Os, 2017). In this case, the mental disorder is indicated with changes in moods or taking things in wrong directions. Thus, by examining both the approaches, it helps in defining and explaining the mental disorders in a better manner. The situation in which the mental disorder reviewed is relating to the changes in time. As in the case of aged people, it depends due to not having proper food or also taking the stress of not attaining the things in the right manner. In the case of youth and adults, the situation of mental disorders lies in respect of not agreeing with the parent terms and condition in attaining certain things. Another reason for dealing with such problems is relating to the distress or difficulties in attending any social events or workplaces or also any family activities in which they had to participate or deal with other people. In the medical field, every disease can be well treated and be resolved within a particular time period (Healy, 2016). Similarly, in case of mental disorders in which various approaches are determined and explained in respect of undertaking its treatment in the right manner. In the context of biological approaches, the situation of the mental disorder lies in respect of not carrying the right eating habits or also reacting in every situation in an unusual way. Treatment of this approach From the above discussion it is clear that all the symptoms of mental illness and abnormality need to be cured. This is majorly because of the reason that the mental illness need to be solved otherwise the person will suffer a lot from these diseases. Hence for this there are many steps which the person can take in order totreat the personwith the mental illness and abnormality. The major sign of the mental illness or abnormality is depression and for its removal the biological approach is applied. In accordance with the biological approach the disorder occurs because of some changes in genetics or organic or physical failure (Holmes and et.al., 2018). It is very essential for the person to solve this because if this problem will not be solved then the person will not be able to live in proper manner. Hence, for the treatment of mental disorder in accordance with the biological approach following treatments can be done- Drug therapy- this is also known as psycho pharmacotherapy and this system relies upon medication for the treatment of mental disorder and abnormalities. These drugs are divided in three different categories which are as follows-
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Anti- anxiety drugs- these are the drug which is being used in order to relieve the patient from anxiety and this includes mild tranquilizers (Ilioi and et.al., 2017). If the affected person discontinues with the drug then they will regain the mental disorder and will rebound the anxiety. Anti- psychotic drug- this type of drug is used to cure the schizophrenia and this is in order to decrease the psychotic symptoms like hallucinations, mental confusion, delusions and hyperactivity. Anti- depressant drug- these are the drugs which are given to the patient of mental disorder in order to cure and elevate the mood of the patient and try to treat their depressing mood. Under this the three different classes of anti- depressant are used which are tricyclics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. There is a great relation between this type of treatment and the biological disorders. This is majorly pertaining to the fact that when it comes to biological disorder then it means that these are the diseases which is caused due to some malfunctioning within the body and due to some biological diseases. Thus, this can only be treated with help of drugs and biological treatment only. Electroconvulsive therapy- this is yet another type of therapy which is being used in order to treat the person suffering from mental disorder. This is a procedure which was developed in 1930s even before the psycho pharmacological drugs were evolved (Turk and Gatchel eds., 2018). This therapy includes the giving of electric shocks to the light anesthetized patient in order to produce cortical seizure. This shock is either given to one side or even sometime both side of the brain with help of electrodes which are placed over temporal lobes of affected person. These current or shock which is being given to the patient create some convulsive seizure during the process and this leads to patient becoming unconscious. Psychosurgery- this is another type of treatment which is being given to the sufferer or the patient at time of mental illness or abnormalities. This is a surgical process which is being designed in order to change the behavioural or psychological reactions of the person suffering. Under this method the most commonly used to tool is lobotomy also known as prefrontal lobotomy. This treatment requires severing of nerve pathway and then linking it cerebral cortex and with the lower brain centres. But this is not much effective because this has many side effects of this treatment (Jorm and et.al., 2017). The major side effect of this technique is that
this is technically sophisticated and surgical procedures for the controlling of the mental disorders. Cognitive behavioural theory Another treatment of the mental illness and abnormalities is the use of cognitive approach of curing mental illness. The cognitive approach is based on the feelings, sensation, thoughts of the actions which are interconnected and the negative thoughts which trap the feeling of the person who is mentally ill (Kuh and et.al., 2016). The major aim of this approach is to deal with the overwhelming problem and difficulty of the person in a positive manner. This is done because of the fact that this helps the person in breaking the problem into smaller parts so that it can be solved in much more effective manner. The cognitive approach of mental illness deals with many different diseases and problems like personality disorder, panic disorder, different types of phobias, sleep problems, alcohol misuse, eating disorders, post- traumatic stress disorder and many other different types of disorders and mind related diseases. As a treatment the cognitive behavioural theory usually includes a session with a therapist. This session can be either once a week or once every two weeks. This treatment under cognitive behavioural theory generally last for 5- 20 sessions depending on the situation of the deceased person. The per session is generally for 30 – 60 minutes also depending on the situation and status of the illness of the person. If the illness is of high level then the session will take place frequently and for longer time and if the illness is low or at initial level than the session will not last longer. This cognitive behaviour theory does not include the use of nay medicine or any other therapy relating to medical line (Sweeney and et.al., 2016). Rather under the cognitive behaviour theory the therapist meet the patient and discusses the problem of the patient with the patient. This makes the patient feels lighter as the patient get relieved as they share their mental problem with some other person. Hence, here the therapist breaks the problem of the sufferer into smaller parts. This helps the person in first analysing the problem of the patient and then understanding the behaviour of that person in that particular situation. This is basically because of the reason that when the therapist tries to understand the situation of the person then only he can address the problem of the patient. Hence, after listening to the problem of the patient in proper manner the next step of the therapist is to break the problem into smaller parts (Maltby and et.al., 2016). This is necessary
because of the reason that these small problems are easy to get solved. This is basically because of the fact that if the therapist try to solve the problem in fist hand then it is not possible that they will find any solution. Hence, if the therapist breaks the problem into smaller part then it is possible for them to analyse each aspect of the problem in more better and clear manner. Hence this breaking down the problem is the major solution for the handling of the patient suffering from mental illness and abnormalities. The offender population is that part of population which is neglected by the society as they have committed some wrong doing or has taken some of the wrong steps in their life. Thus, this wrong doing leads to offending that person from the society and this leads them to some mental problem as the other people within the society are neglecting the person (Matz and et.al., 2017). Both these approaches are applied for the treatment of the offender population. But the most effective treatment is done with help of cognitive behavioural theory. This is majorly pertaining to the fact that this theory helps the person in understanding the behaviour of the offender. Thus, this help the therapist in analysing the situation of the offender population and this connects the therapist to the patient at personal level which is not in case of the biological treatment or approach. The major reason underlying this fact is that the biological treatment includes the giving of medicines and electric shocks to the person and then treating them which is not a good source of treatment. Also, another major reason for the use of cognitive behavioural theory is that this assist the therapist in properly ascertaining the situation of the offender and keeps themselves at their place and then recreates the issue of the patient (Singla and et.al., 2017). Thus, this helps the patient as well as the therapist in getting much clearer picture of the actual situation of the patient. Hence, the use of cognitive behavioural theory will result in much better solution to the problem of the offender population. At time of comparison of the both approaches or treatment of the mental illness or abnormalities it was concluded that cognitive behavioural theory is much better as compared to the biological treatment. The basic reason underlying this fact is that the cognitive approach is having the feature of personal interaction which is not in the case of biological treatment. The interaction is there in the cognitive approach because the therapist tries to understand the behaviour of the patient with help of talking to the patient and trying to reach to the conclusion that they have entered in the state of mental illness (Ramon, 2018).For instance, a patient of
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mental illness in case of biological treatment will include only taking of medicine or any other shock treatment. But in case of cognitive approach the therapist will try to understand the situation of patient and this will light up the mood of patient. Thus, this interaction may motivate the patient to work hard on their disease and try to recover from it.On the other hand, this is not possible in case of biological theory because here the giving of medicine is the only treatment and there is not any personal interaction among the patient and the therapist. Hence here the patient is not comfortable with the therapist as they do not talk to one another and just the therapist or their assistant give the medicine or any other medical treatment to the patient. Thus this not involves interaction at any point of time of the treatment and hence, the patient is not comfortable with the therapist. Also, another major difference among both the cognitive and biological treatment of mental illness and abnormalities is the threat of side effects of the treatment. In case of cognitive behavioural theory there is no chance of having any side effects (Rose, 2016). This is majorly pertaining to the fact that this involves the use if interaction with the patient and this step makes the patient more comfortable rather having any side effect. But this is not in the case of the use of biological treatment. This is majorly the result of the fact that biological treatment makes use of medicines and other electric shock method and more other advance medically used equipment to treat the patient. Hence, the use of medicines and electric shocks may result in many of the side effects. Thus, the cognitive behavioural theory is a much better option and approach of dealing with the problem of mental illness and abnormalities. CONCLUSION In the end from the above study it is concluded that curing for the mental illness and abnormalities is very essential for better health of the person. This is majorly because of the fact that if the person is not mentally stable then they will not be able to manage their life in successful manner. Hence, the report identified that there are many symptoms of mental illness like depression, excessive fears, bipolar disorder, extreme mood swing and many other. Hence, the report after analysis of symptoms of mental illness focused on curing of this illness. This was done with help of two treatments that is cognitive behavioural theory and the biological theory. In the end on comparison it was highlighted that the cognitive behavioural theory is better and useful as compared to the biological theory.
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