Hospital Information Systems Report

This report examines the challenges faced by NHS Accident and Emergency departments in meeting the four-hour waiting time target. It analyzes social, political, and cultural factors that undermine equitable healthcare delivery and examines the impact of overcrowding and staffing shortages. The report also discusses the application of information systems and leadership theories to improve healthcare outcomes and efficiency. Desklib provides past papers and solved assignments for students.

INDIVIDUAL REPORT

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Hospital Information Systems (HIS) can improve healthcare outcome quality, increase
efficiency, and reduce error Failure of fulfilling the national waiting time indicates the high
demand for the services provided by health and social care constitutions. Maximum four-hour
waiting time for patients to be get care services or avail following attendance at emergencies is
a contractual requirement for all NHS Hospital. It is considered to be as major problem due to be
the Nhs has gained the attraction of media or press. The increasing in waiting time foe availing
the services in Nhs has negative impact on the growth of an organisation. This issue or problem
has lead to the decline in revenue as well as profitability of firm. An organisation is failing to
provide medical services to patients which has direct influence on the brand impact and
reputation of healthcare organisation. There are several techniques as well as strategies can be
adopted by the management team in an organisation for dealing with such type of complex or
difficult situation.
The present will include the detail description about the several problems faced by the
Nhs. Assignment will also have focus on identifying the root of the issue.

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
ANALYSIS......................................................................................................................................4
1) Assessment of social, political and cultural factors that have the capacity to potentially
undermine the delivery of equitable healthcare. ........................................................................4
3) Reflective Account of learning...............................................................................................9
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
In present scenario, customer want to avail quick services and they also concerned about
the quality as well. The major problem faced by health and social care institution is related to the
overcrowding in the emergency department. It considered to be as major problem , as due to the
overcrowding the emergency department medical professional or staff face difficulty in proving
the quick as well as proper treatment to the patient. This factors that is overcrowding in
emergency department increases the chances of medical error. Overcrowding in the hospital
especially in emergency department often results in the increase waiting time , high level of
dissatisfaction in patients. This factors have deleterious domino impact on the entire health care
organisation.
The present report is concerned with the development of understanding about the key
challenges as well as problems faced by health and social care institution. It has focus on
identifying the reason for NHS Accidents and Emergency departments are failing to meet the
recommended four-hour waiting times. The study will highlight the strategies which can be used
by manager in NHS in dealing with several business issues.
ANALYSIS
1) Assessment of social, political and cultural factors that have the capacity to potentially
undermine the delivery of equitable healthcare.
The main characteristics of primary care are accessibility, longitudinal, patient
orientates, comprehensivenesses and coordination. In addition to providing suitable care to
patient and fulfilling their need health care organisation is consternating on addressing social
determinants of health (Darragh and et. al., 2016)
During the last few decades , there has be great pressure on the NHS company due to
continue rise in accidents with in health and social care institution. There are various factors
which have direct influence on the medical services provided by health care institution. Some
elements which affects services provided by health care organisation at macro level include
public policies, like national social health insurance. Micro level impact has great influence on
the interaction between people in the society and health care system. Accidents and emergencies
situation within health care institution has reached to the critical level due which an organisation
has to face many legal issues which has direct as well as significant impact on the reputation of
firm. Continues growth in accidents and incidents within NHS has major influence on customer

behaviour as well as perception of services users about the services provided by health and social
care institution. The statistical report of has interpreted that emergency departments across
England treated approximately 78.7 percent of patients within the four-hour target. An
organisation low capability to serve customers have great as well as negative impact on the
performance of firm. Low potential of delivering quick services to customer has lead to the high
level of dissatisfaction among service user. Many patients who visit Nhs for availing treatment or
care service has to wait long time in Queue.
It has been analysed after the depth investigation that the significant reason for increase
in waiting time is due to the staffing problems. There are only few attendants in emergency
department of NHS which has lead to increase in pressure on organisations and has restricted the
potential of emergency department to manage the flow of patients. . Lack of sufficient human
resource is the main reason which has created the big barriers for an organisation in delivering
quick services to all the patient. In addition to this, ineffective management is another reason due
to with the business entity in facing the difficulty in attending to the patients and providing them
with suitable services or facilities. There is increase in , bed occupancy rates and public
uncertainty regarding other out of hours services are some other reasons for increasing in waiting
time by patients. The patient in Nhs has to wait for long time due to delay in services which
occur because of overcrowding in emergency department (Grasso,2016)
It has also been analysed that In addition to above issues there are numerous other
factors such as social, economic , cultural and political factor which has direct as well as
significant influence on services provided by health and social care institutions. These
constituents have the capacity to potentially undermine the delivery of equitable healthcare
organisation. As per the several reports NHS has failed to meet the expectation of policy makers
and administrator. As the Nhs has failed to comply with the national standards which defines the
minimum as well as maximum time span according to which the medical facilities or services to
be provided to patients. Due to delay in delivering the services to patient, an organisation has to
face legal issues. It has been found from analysis that NHS has failed to comply with the
provisions related to the health care services due to lack of proper planning and absence of
effective managements skills , the Top level management in NHS e spending as per the ministry
guidelines. Responsibility and transparency in the utilization of locally generated funds has lead
to the controversies related to misuse of funds (Wiley, and Smith, 2014)

In addition to the above problem, the delay in services , increasing in the waiting time
and failure to attend some patients has given rise to other issues. Many patients have complained
that they are being discriminated by NHS , due to which an organisation has to face legal
obligation which has further impact on business Performance as well as influence on growth of
an enterprise.
The company also have to face increasing number of complaints by patients related to
the fraud from the health facilities. There are some peoples in the society accusing NHS
employees for serving their own interest rather than communities. Deteriorating condition
of ,medical facilities, poorly maintenance of surgical equipment and lack of medical input has
given rise to the high risk of accidents within a heath and social care institutions. These factors
have direct as well as significant influence on the custom,er perception about the services
provided by an enterprise.
In addition to the above problems, NHS has to face legal obligation as well as has to face
customer or service user complained related Health care disparities. Health care disparities
affiliated to race, ethnicity, socio-economic status and markers of social disadvantage
consequence of a complex meeting of patient, clinician, and system levels factors. All the
constituents has lead to the social disadvantage for firm. It has been analysed that such
complaints related to the inequality or discrimination are mainly made by the Minority and
people belonging to the low status people living in the society. Lack of health insurance is a
major contributor to health care disparities. The increase in overcrowding has become the major
issues of concern by management in health and social care institutions. There are several
internals as well as external variables affecting crowding. Some of internal factors are Increased
hospital occupancy, Inappropriate patient referral,Staff shortages , untrained medical staff etc.
Some external factors medical practices in health and social care institution includes adequate
access of the general population to primary care and specialists as an outpatient, Demographics
with an ageing population, Influence of media and internet on patients etc. (Lennon and et.al,.
2017)
Among the various issues increased Hospital Occupancy and shortage of bed is the main
reason due to which NHS has failed to provide suitable facilities to patients. The potential to
move admitted patients from the emergency department to hospital beds depends on the
availableness of hospital beds, nursing staff, nursing ratios, ancillary service availability, local

structure etc. Constituent or element which effects bed occupancy also include those patient lie
who lie outside the hospital. Incompetent community services for proper transfer of care to
service users back to the people leads to extended stays in the hospital and blocks acute hospital
bed admittance.
Strategies
Health information technology, including availability of electronic health records is one
of the appropriate solutions which can be implemented by NHS. As this strategy or tactics will
assist business entity in bringing improvement in medical practices and reducing the waiting
time.
There are the several techniques has suggested by the government in a nation to health
which has helped companies in dealing with overcrowding in emergency department or similar
other issues . One of the recommendation provided to NHS is Primary Care Streaming’ where
patients are diagnosed by a suitably experienced Emergency Department medical professional or
Nurse and then referred to either the on-site GP or the emergency department, . This strategy has
been proved to be very beneficial and useful health carte organisation .As it has helped firm top
provide appropriate response to the overcrowding as well as delay in services problem. This is
one of the long-term solutions proposed which has positive effect on the services by health and
social care institutions. It is required by manager in NHS organisation to design as well as
implement the advance technology or special system in an organisation (Paustenbach,2015)
Contemporary Leadership theories applicable to health care
In health care institution there are many medical professionals , departments etc. There
are many leadership theories or models which can be applied in context of health care setting.
Some of the leadership theories are:
Transformational leadership:This leadership theory is based on the assumption that t people
work more effectively if they have a sense of mission. As per this leadership concept leaders
should communicate their vision in a manner that is meaningful, exciting, and creates unity and
collective goals.
Collaborative leadership-leaders with this type of leadership approach work min collaboration
with employees .This strategy help manager in avoiding the risk of conflicts and ensuring the
flow of information which is very much essential in health care setting for avoiding medical
errors.

Shared leadership-According to this leadership approach , manager or leaders should includes
subordinates or followers in decision making process. As this strategy will assist management in
identifying the appropriate solution to several business problems.
Distributed leadership-As per this leadership approach , it is required by leader to posses
following characteristics such as ability to understand the constantly changing business
environment, potential to build trusting relationships. In addition to this leaders or manager
should innovative method or technique of approaching tasks
Ethical leadership- Leaders with this type of leadership approach have significant effect or
influence on the behaviour as well as performance of employees and also on patients' outcome.
It is required by management in NHS to adopt suitable measures, make plans and
formulate strategies for , bring change at workplace. As this strategy will help will help
management in influencing people to improve their performance at workplace.
It has also been analysed that the level of primary health there are several variables or
elements features of an enterprise. , psychological openness of facilities provided by health and
social care organisation is very crucial. As these are some variables which limit the access by
patients to the services provided by health care institutions (Colosio and et. al., 2017)
As NHS accidents and emergency departments is facing the problems where management
is unable to handle such large cases. These leaderships theories and managerial practices are
effective in order to handle such critical situations properly. NHS has to lead its staff members in
effective manner (Stoddart and Evans, 2017). Leaders have to make them aware with their duties
and responsibilities so that all the nurses and doctors can fulfil their duties well. NHS has to take
support of democratic leadership theory. It has to involve employees in the decision making
process so that they can put their point of view in front of higher authorities. This supports higher
authorities in finding innovative ideas that helps the NHS in handling many cases of accidents
and emergencies in proper manner (Manners, 2017).
There are many management practices that need to be implemented in the NHS
emergency department. It has to NHS has to monitor performance of all medical professionals.
This monitoring can help in identifying requirements of changes. By this way issues can be
resolved and NHS emergency department will be able to resolve issues in effective manner.
Entity is required to select skilled people in the organization (Ginter, 2018). If NHS hires skilled
medical professionals and train them well then it would be beneficial for the health and social

care organization in providing quality care services to the patients in emergency departments.
This will help in minimizing complexity and improving services of the health and social care
organization. Effective communication is the essential and effective management practices. Each
manager is responsibility to coordinate well with the other staff members and patients as well. If
there are effective communication between all people then Confusions will be minimized
(Stoddart and Evans, 2017). If managers listen point of view of all staff members and create
healthy workplace environment then it would be better for the future of NHS because
practitioner will be able to provide quality care services to the patients.
NHS higher authorities has to delegate responsibility to each person in the workplace by
considering their role and responsibilities sin the firm. If the person is new to the entity then
higher authorities and senior doctors have to provide adequate training to staff members. If
management provides reward to the staff members then they will fell happy and motivated
(Manners, 2017). This will help the NHS in retaining skilled medical professionals in the
hospitals for longer duration. By this way these skilled and experienced people will contribute
well in the entity and they will treat emergency patients properly. This will help in improving
care services and brand image of the firm to great extent (Ginter, 2018).
2.Recommendations for the application of IS methodologies and techniques in hospital and
healthcare contexts.
To solve the problems of the patients as they are waiting in out doors for many hours and
even then doctors do not pay proper attention to them, so information system is applied to solve
the waiting problem of the patients but even by applying this system the hospital face many
problems like training given to the staff is quite time consuming and it is not sure that they
understand the term properly and next problem faced by hospital staff is to lack of
communication power between the staff as when the staff is changes proper communication
process is not done with their team and hence they face the problem of not using the system
properly. s
As the information system is changes according to the development of the new
techniques and idea it is quite time consuming but it takes more time to train the staff and learn
the proper usage of system. There may be a risk of leakage of patient's private information and
due to leakage of information, person may used it in wrong way also. Even installation of proper
information system the patients may suffer problem like they waiting long and long time even

then they are not attendant by the doctors as there is error in information which precedes
towards the doctors and due to this patients may not go for the check up according to their
numbers. The biggest drawback of using information system is security as the data is completely
based in the computer and if the records is delete by mistaken then the user should entered the
data from starting which is quite wastage of time.
As there are lot of problem faced by the hospital even installing the information system
as every thing has both positive and negative point of view but to overcome this problem one
must follow different method by which the problem may be decreased at some sort of time.
Health care organization should have more approach regarding the security of the information
system in order to prevent in leakage of the system. The system which are used in the hospital
should be in latest form and in updatable form as once the person understand it can easily feed
the entry according to the system. Hospitals authority should hire proper trainers to the staff who
operates the system. As proper training should be given before the installation of the software
and once the system is installed then it is the duty of authority to take care and keep eyes on the
system that no one can harm it or no leakage should be done. As more technical team is needed
to operate the system as newly it is quite hard to understand the system but after some time its
take easy to feed the entry and low communication and feedback can also decreased the chance
of successful the information system in the field of hospitality, so more communication and
proper support from the vendor can gain up the level of performance.
3) Reflective Account of learning
The report has been able to provide adequate amount of knowledge regarding adoption of
modern health care aspects of the business. It has been analysed that there are various issues due
to which NHS Accidents and Emergency departments are failing to meet the recommended four-
hour waiting times. In order to pursue with this report, I tried to divide all the activates between
group members, where, we tried to initiate duties regarding based on observational point of view.
I also tried to ensure that all the aspects related waiting time has been able to be assessed by the
organization. I also try to explore that whether implementation of leadership and management
theories will be able to provide positive results to the waiting time aspects or not. It has been

quite a developed learning regarding application of management and leadership theories that can
actually be implemented in a health care set up.
I also tried to apply information system so as to reduce the waiting time in accidental and
emergency department of NHS. However, I also try to assess various advantages and
disadvantages that are related to implementation of information system in the health care
department. It helps in me in gaining idea regarding adoption of information system with respect
to health care system as well.
Overall the project has been able to give fruitful knowledge to me with respect to health care
systems and attached waiting time to it. Application of various theories and information system
have been able to make my learning aspect quite strong which was not happened to be present
earlier. Further, concreting the knowledge aspects, I am not been able to develop adequate
analytical and research skills in me that can help me to grow in this health care department.
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the report that leaders in health and social care institution has
significant role to play in resolving the different problems faced by firm. Project has also
concluded that Technology supports hospitals in improving the quality of services and helps in
delivering effective facilities to customers. There are several leadership theories has been
described in the study which can be used by leaders or manager in NHS. Assignment has
highlighted the different issues. It has also been concluded from the report that Developing
leadership ability is essential to enhance personal character; it provides leaders with the essential
tools to achieve success within their career as health care provider.
It has been suggested to leaders in NHS who encounter complicated issues should not
rush to resolve them. Medical staff is required to consider different leadership approaches and
should take high initiatives in applying such theories for resolving complicated situation.

REFERENCES
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Risk. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 70(4_Supplement_1),
pp.7011515236p1-7011515236p1.
Ginter, P. M., 2018. The strategic management of health care organizations. John Wiley & Sons.
Grasso, M., 2016. Work health and safety resources and advice.
Lennon, P. and et.al,. 2017. Root cause analysis underscores the importance of understanding,
addressing, and communicating cold chain equipment failures to improve equipment
performance. Vaccine. 35(17). pp.2198-2202.
Manners, R. A., 2017. Professional dominance: The social structure of medical care. Routledge.
Paustenbach, D. J., 2015. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: Theory and Pactice. John
Stoddart, G .L. and Evans, R. G., 2017. Producing health, consuming health care. In Why are
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Wiley & Sons.Xi, M. and Smith, S. P., 2014, March. Simulating cooperative fire evacuation
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iEEE (pp. 139-140). IEEE.