Infection Risk Management: Impact of Climate Change on Waterborne Infections
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Added on 2023/03/23
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This presentation discusses the impact of climate change on waterborne infections and the risk management strategies to mitigate the outbreak. It explores the connection between climate change, infectious diseases, and public health.
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INFECTION RISK MANAGEMNET
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Introduction: •Climate change is one the major issues affecting the health of people. •Increasing changes in climate leads to increasing change in health conditions. •Direct effects- increasing exposure temperature, change in weather and flood (Hoberg, E. P., & Brooks, D. R. (2015). •Indirect environmental effects- exposure to disease, microbes and air pollutants. •World health organization has been observing increasing rate of occurrence of water-borne infectious diseases such as cryptosporidiosis, Salmonellosis and giardiasis (Raiten & Combs, 2019).
Infectious risk due to climate change: •Climate change is one of the major factors contributing to the negative impact on the health of the population. •The change in weather and climate induces a suitable condition for the growth and development of the infectious organisms (Mahon & Doyle, 2017). •Infections that has been majorly effecting the population during climate change areCryptosporidiosis, Giardiasis and Salmonellosis, a water-borne infection which effects the gastro- intestinal region of a person causing severe condition of diarrhoea, abdominal cramp, fever and vomiting (Walker, 2018).
Impact of climate change to the water- borne infections: •Cryptosporidiosis, Giardiasis andSalmonellosis are found to occur more often during the late summers and the early falls. •During the season the people are exposed to the bacteria and the other pathogens in greater manner. •The temperature and moisture in the air provides a better atmosphere for the bacteria and the pathogens to grow (Nasir et al., 2017).
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Regions more susceptible to occurrence of water borne infectious disease due to climate change: •Africa •New Zealand •Canada •California •And other regions of Europe(Maurin & Gyuranecz, 2016).
Risk assessment of water borne infectious disease due to climate change: •The reason behind the increase of water borne infections are the change in climates as well as poor sanitization and water conditions. •The Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) system can be used to assess the infectious disease outbreak risks due to climate change. •The method is divided in to three parts: (1) defining the level of the risk and then selecting the associated risk factors; (2) structure the BBN model; and (3) calculating the associated probability of the mark variable in the model and then assessing the infectious disease outbreak risk (Kim et al., 2019).
Benefits of the outbreak management: •Reduced effects of the infection and its spread •Reduced mortality and morbidity (Charles-Smith et al., 2015). •Better knowledge regarding the infection •Readiness for further similar incidents (Duintjer Tebbens & Thompson, 2016).
Conclusion: •Climate change has major impact on the health of a population and effects a community. •One of the major outbreaks due to climate change is water borne infectious disease outbreak •It is necessary to take proper risk assessment and interventions in order to restore the severity of the outbreak.
References: Charles-Smith, L. E., Reynolds, T. L., Cameron, M. A., Conway, M., Lau, E. H., Olsen, J. M., ... & Corley, C. D. (2015). Using social media foractionable disease surveillance and outbreak management: a systematic literature review.PloS one,10(10),e0139701. Duintjer Tebbens, R. J., & Thompson, K. M. (2016). The potential benefits of a new poliovirus vaccine for long-term poliovirus risk management.Future microbiology,11(12), 1549-1561. Hoberg, E. P., & Brooks, D. R. (2015). Evolution in action: climate change, biodiversity dynamics and emerging infectious disease.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,370(1665), 20130553. Kim, Y., Park, C., Koo, K. A., Lee, M. K., & Lee, D. K. (2019). Evaluating multiple bioclimatic risks using Bayesian Belief Network to support urbantree management under climate change.Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. Mahon, M., & Doyle, S. (2017). Waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in the South East of Ireland: weighing up the evidence.Irish Journal ofMedical Science (1971-),186(4), 989-994. Maurin, M., & Gyuranecz, M. (2016). Tularaemia: clinical aspects in Europe.The Lancet Infectious Diseases,16(1), 113-124. Nasir, S., Jabeen, F., Abbas, S., Nasir, I., & Debboun, M. (2017). Effect of climatic conditions and water bodies on population dynamics of theDengue vector, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).Journal of arthropod-borne diseases,11(1), 50. Raiten, D. J., & Combs, G. F. (2019). Nutritional ecology: Understanding the intersection of climate/environmental change, food systems andhealth.Agriculture for Improved Nutrition: Seizing the Momentum, 68. Ramesh, A., Blanchet, K., Ensink, J. H., & Roberts, B. (2015). Evidence on the effectiveness of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions onhealth outcomes in humanitarian crises: a systematic review.PLoS One,10(9), e0124688. Walker, J. T. (2018). The influence of climate change on waterborne disease and Legionella: a review.Perspectives in public health,138(5), 282-286.\
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