Information System and Big Data Analysis - Theories, Techniques, and Systems

This article explores the theories, techniques, and systems related to the design and development of IT solutions, including MS Office, Moodle, decision support systems, executive support systems, transaction processing systems, and management information systems. It also discusses the risks associated with information system outsourcing and the critical role of IT infrastructure in digital transformation. Additionally, it examines the impact of IT on globalization and the barriers to digital service delivery.

Information system and
big data analysis

Contents
Contents...........................................................................................................................................2
Section 1..........................................................................................................................................1
1.0 Description of theories, techniques and methods related design and development of IT
solutions.......................................................................................................................................1
2.0 Definition and examples of different systems.......................................................................2
3.0 Globalisation and effects of IT on globalisation....................................................................4
Section 2..........................................................................................................................................4
1.0 Risk associated with the information system outsourcing.....................................................4
2.0 The reason due to why IT infrastructure is critical to digital transformation........................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

Section 1
1.0 Description of theories, techniques and methods related design and development of IT
solutions
MS Office
It is a computer application that is used for purpose of premises of the office as well as
perspectives of business. It is software that was introduced by Microsoft in the year 1990. This
contributes to completing office premises and work of the organisation in an effective manner in
less time. It includes different versions like Microsoft word, Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft
Excel and others (Syafwan, Yusda and Putri, 2021). On these tools, Microsoft has its copyright
and other intellectual rights. It is offering specialised document management software to its
customers. It is software that is available to people in around 35 different languages and all of
these are verified through MAC security. It is an office that consists of different elements in
recent times like Microsoft PowerPoint, Outlook, Excel, Assess and many more. But among
these tools, the most widely used MS office tool is MS word which is suitable for purpose of
documents. MS Excel is another tool of MS office that is used for purpose of development of
spreadsheets for purpose of different calculations and other things. MS PowerPoint is another
tool that is used by companies for purpose of giving a presentation to their clients. Other than
this, it is a software that has introduced different types of tools like spelling checkers,
grammatical errors as well as the scripting language and others. This software is also compatible
enough to run in iOS and Android processes.
Moodle
Moodle is one of the applications which allow a person for continue learning and also does not
stop them from learning. Internet connection is required by a person for purpose of distance
learning but it is an application that allows a person to learn from anywhere from both online as
well as offline mode (Athaya and et. al., 2021). It is one of the important applications which
makes a person capable for different things as it allows them by learning things from the offline
platform. It also contributes for purpose of engaging users by sending them different
notifications. It is also an application which is focusing on creating a seamless learning
experience for a person without interrupting them. It provides easy access to learning for their
course in both online and offline models as a learner only needs to browse their content to
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different sources. It is an application that allows the learner to connect with other participants of
source in less time with their course. In this, the student can also submit their assignment by
uploading rules, images, audio and videos. It enables students to track their progress by
reviewing their grades.
2.0 Definition and examples of different systems
Decision support system
It is an interactive information system that is based on analysation of large data and also it
provides assistance to businesses in order to make an informed business decision system. It
provides support to the management of the company, planning level of organisation and
operation of the company. It helps them to make a decision on basis of assessment of
uncertainties as well as trade-offs involved in a decision.
 Decision support system is also used for ERP dashboard which assists managers for the
company for purpose of monitoring the performance indicators. It is a system that
provides assistance to managers of the company (Hwang, Shan and Looi, 2018).
 It is a system which is used for purpose of clinical purpose as it provides assistance to
clinicians to diagnose their patients. It is a system developed for purpose of providing
assistance to get off ICU patients from ventilators faster.
Executive support system
An executive support system is a system that is intended to be made for senior managers in direct
content as it offers support to different decisions which are nonprogrammed in strategic
management. It consists different information which are uncertain, external and unstructured. In
this, context and scope of information is not known by a person. Information included in this are
based on technology intelligence, market and investment intelligence.
Examples for ESS
 It is a system which is used by the government of the country as they collect different
information related to their country, economic condition and others and made best
government policies for the people living in that country (Heathfield, 2019).
 This system is also used by companies in order to make financial decisions for their
organisation based on different financial reports as well as information.
Transaction Processing System
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It is a system that ensures the completion of different business transactions and also it ensures
tracking of these transactions. This system ensures that all the transaction of business is stored,
send and received in a successful manner. It is a system that is reliable, efficient and consistent.
It is a system that is based on a real-time processing system that takes in an organisation without
any delay.
Examples of TPS
 A transaction processing system is used for purpose of electronic transfer of funds. It
allows individuals or companies to transfer funds of companies to accounts of different
people through electronic transfer (Mahato, 2020).
 The process of payroll of a company is also an example of a transaction processing
system that can be proceeded by the company through online platforms.
Management Information System
It is a set of systems as well as procedures that collect different types of data from different
sources, compile it and also present it in a readable format. It is a system that is used by
managers of the company in order to develop different reports that provide a comprehensive
overview related to different information required to make decisions. It is heavily based on
technology to compile it and also to present data in it (de Azevedo and et. al., 2020).
Examples of MIS
 Management information system is also used in the transaction of process system of the
company that enables them to process large data for a different transaction. It is mainly
used by companies for purpose of inventory management as well as payroll management.
 MIS is used in companies for purpose of ensuring communication among different
departments with the integration of computer servers for users of different companies.
Knowledge Management System
Knowledge management system can be described as any IT system that retrieves and stores
knowledge for purpose of ensuring collaboration, process alignment, understanding and
improvement. It is a system used by companies for purpose of centralising knowledge-based for
the customers (Yee, Tan and Thurasamy, 2019).
Examples of KMS
 Knowledge management system is also used for customer service knowledge based
which assists for consolidating customer-facing information and also allow each access to
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this information. It assists the business to increase the satisfaction of the customer as well
as their loyalty, enable customer-facing associates to work and also for resolving
different issues related to customers.
 KMS is a system that is also used for purpose of research as well as insights libraries
which are existed in cloud-based platforms for purpose of house market research as well
as consumer insights material.
3.0 Globalisation and effects of IT on globalisation
Globalisation can be described as a process that ensures the flow of goods, information, jobs, and
technology across national borders. It is based on the interdependence of nations across the
globe. It is used in business in an economic context for purposes of describing the integration of
economies with free trade, easy access to foreign resources, free capital flow in countries and
others. Development of technology create different impact on globalisation are as follows:
 Communication: IT also made the communication process easier for people as on basis
of it, a person can communicate with another person in a different country. This
communication can be in form of messages, audio calls and video calls (Hall and
Werbner, 2020). On basis of it, it is easier for business to manage their organisation
existed in another country.
 Integration of supply chain: There are different suppliers in different countries and that
causes differences in the cost of materials offered by them. It is important for business to
increase profit to access to raw material from suppliers that provide them cost advantage.
Advancement of IT allow businesses for purpose of accessing suppliers from suppliers of
other countries.
Section 2
1.0 Risk associated with the information system outsourcing
There are different types of risk associated with the outsourcing of the products and services to
other country. It provides different benefits but along with this, it creates risk for the business.
Explanation of different risk associated with outsourcing are mentioned below:
 Outsourcing results in loss of control of business as other business is producing products
and service of the business (Suresh and Ravichandran, 2022).
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 Outsourcing also results in communication barriers as it is difficult to manage from other
countries.
 There is always a hidden cost associated with the outsourcing of business which will also
result in the cost of the company.
 In outsourcing of business, it is difficult for the business to find out right vendor for
business which helps the business to produce products according to the requirement of
company.
 Outsourcing also create risk related to privacy and security as other business can take
advantage of the personal information of the company.
 Quality of outsourced products is also a risk for purpose of business as it creates a
negative impact on the cost of the company.
 There is a lack of experience for the remote team which creates a negative impact on the
quality of products as outsourced vendors sometimes hire a lack of experienced workers.
 Due to outsourcing, sometimes there are delays occur in order to deliver the products and
services that create threats to the business.
 Outsourcing a key product which is the identity of a company can create a threat for
business as it due to this, vendors can create competition for business by offering same
products in the marketplace.
2.0 The reason due to why IT infrastructure is critical to digital transformation
Digital transformation
Digital transformation can be defined as a process that consists of different digital
technology which helps to create new as well as existing business processes, customer
experience and culture in order to meet changing needs of business and the market. A
reimagining of business in the digital age helps businesses for purpose of ensuring digital
transformation.
Examples of digital transformation include logistics and operation. In different countries
shipping as well as supply chain management companies are using different digital tools that
allow them to meet the needs of customer demand. It helps to ensure the fastest delivery and also
for real-time packaging (Reis and et. al., 2018).
The digital barriers along with example
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Digital barriers can be described as obstacles for purpose of effective transfer of digital
services to the users. There are different types of digital barriers that occur in path of digital
service delivery company that create a negative impact over the experience of the user. Examples
of digital barriers includes lack of internet connectivity which create problem for purpose of
effectively using digital technology. Another example of a digital barrier is the lack of resources
and equipment that create an negative impact over quality of service.
Discussion of IT infrastructure with discussion
IT infrastructure can be described as components that is required in order to operate and
manage the IT environment of the enterprise. It is an infrastructure that can be the result of the
cloud computing system and also within the facilities of the company.
Examples of IT infrastructure includes the application of management of IT infrastructure
services, communication service, content media, data security and maintenance update.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Athaya, H., and et. al., 2021, September. Moodle Implementation for E-Learning: A Systematic
Review. In 6th International Conference on Sustainable Information Engineering and
Technology 2021 (pp. 106-112).
de Azevedo, R.R., and et. al., 2020. Financial management information systems and accounting
policies retention in Brazil. International Journal of Public Sector Management.
Hall, S. and Werbner, P., 2020. Cosmopolitanism, Globalisation and Diaspora 1.
In Anthropology and the new cosmopolitanism (pp. 345-360). Routledge.
Heathfield, S.M., 2019. Executive support and leadership in change management.
Hwang, B.G., Shan, M. and Looi, K.Y., 2018. Knowledge-based decision support system for
prefabricated prefinished volumetric construction. Automation in Construction, 94,
pp.168-178.
Mahato, D.P., 2020, January. Reliability maximization of grid transaction processing system
using Cuckoo search-ant colony optimization. In Proceedings of the 21st International
Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking (pp. 1-6).
Reis, J., and et. al., 2018, March. Digital transformation: a literature review and guidelines for
future research. In World conference on information systems and technologies (pp. 411-
421). Springer, Cham.
Suresh, S. and Ravichandran, T., 2022. Value gains in business process outsourcing: The vendor
perspective. Information Systems Frontiers, 24(2), pp.677-690.
Syafwan, H., Yusda, R.A. and Putri, P., 2021. PELATIHAN PEMANTAPAN MS. OFFICE
BAGI KADER DESA. Jurnal Abdimas ADPI Sains dan Teknologi, 2(3).
Yee, Y.M., Tan, C.L. and Thurasamy, R., 2019. Back to basics: building a knowledge
management system. Strategic Direction.
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