Information Systems and Big Data Analysis: Design and Development of IT Solutions, Globalisation, Digital Infrastructure, and Risks of Outsourcing

This report discusses the design and development of IT solutions such as McAfee, Moodle, Canvas, and MS Office, as well as the different types of systems such as ESS, DSS, TPS, MIS, and KSM. It also explores the impact of technology on globalisation, the definition, advantages, and disadvantages of digital infrastructure, and the risks associated with information systems outsourcing.

BSc (Hons) Business Management
Cohort 2
BMP4005
Information Systems and Big Data Analysis
Information Systems & IT Solution
2019/2020
February 2020/Semester 1
Submitted by:
Name:
ID:
Contents
Introduction p
Task 1: Theories, methods and techniques which relate to the design and
development for TWO of the IT solutions listed here: (i) McAfee; (ii) Moodle;
(iii) Canvas; (iv) MS Office
p
Task 2: Explanation of the systems below with relevant examples
p
Task 3: Globalisation and the effects of IT on globalisation
p
Task 4: Definition, example, advantages and disadvantages of digital
infrastructure p
Task 5: Risks associated with information systems outsourcing and why is IT
infrastructure so critical to digital transformation!
P
Conclusion p
References p
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Introduction
Information system is a system which ultimately focuses on the data-intensive
applications and it carries a number of equipment which consider the various steps
such as collection, processing, storage of information and dissemination of
information. This project will talk about the major role of the big data analysis which
allows the organization to make the business decisions and helps the organization to
empower the workplace which will directly add value to the business. It further
explains the various techniques which are used to design the IT solutions such as
Moodle, McAfee, MS Office and many others. It provides information of different
types of systems such as ESS, DSS, TPS, MIS and many others. This project will
help in the demonstration to understand the impact of Technology on the
globalization and also with the risks which are associated with the information
system outsourcing (Rai, Constantinides and Sarker, 2019).
Task 1: Theories, methods and techniques which relate to the design and
development for TWO of the IT solutions listed here: (i) McAfee; (ii) Moodle;
(iii) Canvas; (iv) MS Office
MS Office- MS Office is made by the Microsoft Corporation. It is used for business
and office tasks to address specific tasks like organizing emails, presenting slides
with presentations, managing the data and word processing. It is the bunch and set
of applications which are required for the office and business use. It presents the use
of services and software on the subscription model which is used by billions of
people globally. Moreover, it assists the office work by simplifying it which leads to
enhance the work efficiency of the work. It is also available in 35 different languages.
The main applications are Word, Excel, PowerPoint, OneNote, Publisher and
Access.
Moodle- Moodle was developed by Martin Dougiamas to provide help in making the
online courses more collaborative and interactive. It is the source of learning
management system which is used by the learners globally. It is used for e-learning
projects at the workplace, schools or universities. It is a way to create online courses
and also to monitor the performance of the students with their assignments.
Moreover, it promotes the communication between them in the discussions (Hall and
Werbner, 2020).
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Task 2: Explanation of the systems below with relevant examples
DSS (Decision Support System)
The term DSS is a computerized program which is utilized in order to support the
course of action of the company. It gathers the data for the purpose of informative
reports. Advantages of DSS is that it permits the company to make effective
decisions, with proper problem-solving techniques and to plan better in the
management operations. It helps to improve the overall efficiency and cost saving
from labor saving in dealing with decisions and form a lower technology cost. That’s
why DSS helps the management to evaluate all the alternatives in reference to reach
and choose the best decision. It is created and designed for a particular group of
decision makers of the organization.
For example, catalogs, historical documents, corporate records or minutes of
meetings (Langran, 2020).
ESS (Executive Support System)
The executive support system is the computer-based system which makes the
managers to ascertain the internal and external strategic decisions with executive
responsibilities. It is a software that allows the audience to manage the data to
access the executive level reports for example staffing, accounting and billing
departments. It allows the users to quickly transfer the data at executive level those
can be used by various departments. It manages to help the senior management in
making the better decision in an effective and summarized form. Nowadays, this is
becoming the main tool for the top-level people in so many companies. As it focuses
on the executive assessment tools or interactive tools which can be used by the end
users personally.
For example, Cambridge Systematics which focuses to support the ESS by making
investment in the planning process (Beynon-Davies, 2019).
TPS (Transaction Processing System)
The term TPS helps to support the transaction processing and it is the type of
processing system in order to keep, collect, store and modify the transactions of the
data of the organization. It is an information processing system for the organization
and business in order to involve the transactions to collect or modify all the main
transitions. There are features of TPS which are as follows-
 The companies can depend upon TPS with backups and recovery
procedures.
 Under TPS, it requires all the transactions to be the same irrespective of time.
For example, payroll, employee record, shipping or sales order entry (Michie, 2019).
MIS (Management Information System)
Management Information System is a term which is used to manage the information
in the company such as invoices, employee data, projects and many others. It is
mainly used in the decision-making process so that it can be coordinated and
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controlled in order to visualize the information which includes people and processes.
It is planned properly so that the data can be collected and stored to carry forward.
For example, Fleetmatics WORK, Microsoft Dynamics, Professional MIS or DDS
Accura.
KSM (Knowledge Management System)
KSM is a tool which helps the company in identifying, gathering, storing, evaluating
and sharing all the information for both the external and internal customers. It is a
main tool to manage all the information of the organization as a guide for customers.
It allows the organization to adopt the hybrid work culture due to that the trust of the
employees can be gained and that will create a major impact on the problem solving,
productivity, creativity and relationships at workplace. In order to keep the data
updated and proper documentation of the company's data. It also focuses on
assisting the customers to manage the permissions of the user group. If the business
is small or big it requires a level of knowledge to capture the various segments of the
customers in the society. KSM is further divided into knowledge such as implicit
knowledge, explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge (Konecny, 2019).
Task 3: Globalisation and the effects of IT on globalisation
Globalisation is the main process in which there is an interaction among different
people, governments, companies globally. As the interaction between different
people increases that lead to increase in exchange of ideas, culture and belief. It
includes goods, data, services and capital. Such expansion brings new ideas and
new products to innovate and revamp the products to elevate the business.
Effects of IT on globalisation
Globalisation aids in exchanging of the information with the expansion of resources
all over the countries. Due to globalization, the world is interconnected with each
other so that it may lead to increase in trade and production of goods or services
Effects of IT on globalisation are as follows-
 There are some hurdles in the globalisation in that case technology plays a
major role in dealing with the hurdles of the globalisation such as trade
barrier, issues of ethical standards and transportation.
 As IT is used to control the activities of people globally because it has
allowed to make the information easily available.
 It creates better opportunities for the company in the market globally.
Therefore, in developing countries businesses are located can have the more
access of the technology, human capital, capital flow and larger export.
 Globalisation’s process would have been difficult with the presence of
Information Technology. It enhances the overall efficiency which can directly
lead to make the process faster and cheaper.
IT has also responsible for the online teaching or outsourcing. It allows to have better
relations between people who are living in different countries (Ozment andet. a;
2019).
Task 4: Definition, example, advantages and disadvantages of digital
infrastructure
Definition
 The term digital infrastructure assists in providing the various resources which
are required to enable the use of data, systems, computerized devices and
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different processes. Digital infrastructure mainly represents the assets which
are required to operate the technologies for example, computing, data
storage or digital communications. It is now the main source of competitive
advantage as it brings the people together globally to interconnect virtually.
Businesses can re form their services for the digital operations of the
company. Business leaders are targeting on shifting the digital infrastructure
in a systematic manner to gain the insights effectively and take full
advantage. The right and exact digital infrastructure allows the organization
to adapt the various technological trends (Crooks and et.al.,2018).
Example
The example of Digital Infrastructure is mobile telecom, broadband, internet
backbone, apps and digital communication
Advantages
The advantages of the digital infrastructure are as follows-
 It brings the data and knowledge on the fingertips of the audience in order
to access the data which is available online. Such as nowadays, one can get
the answer to any question within few seconds on mobile phones.
 The new and innovative ideas can be attracted that's all because of the
Digital infrastructure. The information can be pass on to large audience easily
and create a better opportunity to deal with competition.
 It also supports in providing the delivery of services to the remote areas and
manages to bring opportunities with capabilities to drive the new behavior of
customers.
Disadvantages
The disadvantages of the digital infrastructure are as follows-
 Excess availability of knowledge can also create issues as it can lead to the
misuse of information and it is very difficult to keep the data safe from the
hackers, criminals, competitors or many others.
 Criminals and terrorist use social media platform to trade and target the
potential victims to gather the information, photos or videos of the people
of another countries.
 There will be no privacy in today’s digital world because anyone can take
picture and video in their mobile phones and can misuse or post it online to
express controversial opinions on the social media.
 Digital infrastructure makes it easy to copy and make the content without
actually learning anything. The original content loses its value as the main
content is copied easily and the main person is forgotten.
Task 5: Risks associated with information systems outsourcing and why is IT
infrastructure so critical to digital transformation!
IT infrastructure plays a major role in today's world and most of the companies have
a good management team with the best resources but they lack on the IT team that
is why outsourcing helps in removing the issues. As it helps the company to improve
its efficiency, when the projects are not completing on time that can be resolved by
the outsourcing.
Risks associated with information systems outsourcing
Information system outsourcing is the new trend which is emerging into the market
under which the business take help from the outside providers to handle and support
the technology functions for the better skills and quality. Moreover, it helps to reduce
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the overall cost and expenses of the company so that it can enjoy the lower cost of
production as well as operational costs.
Risk associated with information system are explained below-
 In today's world, all the companies want to succeed in their fields. The main
issue which can arise in outsourcing can be communication issues due to
lack of communication, meeting, cultural differences and language
barriers.
 Presence of poor quality can be the issue in outsourcing as the company
chooses the source of outsourcing by looking at less prices which
sometimes can bring low quality and it can also take months to suspect the
problem.
 There can be different work habits which can lead to bring the different
opinions over the cultural environment.
 The distance between the company and outsourcing company can also bring
so many issues which can be very expensive and time consuming.
 There can be the chances of lack of flexibility as the contract and rules can be
extremely rigid to adapt and accept changes.
 The service provider is providing services to the different customers due to
that the outsourced vendor may face lack of focus on particular customers
or organizations.
Rather than creating employment opportunities in the country, the work is
outsourced from another country which can elevate the issues related to delivery
time and standard quality (Sedkaoui, 2018).
Why is IT infrastructure so critical to digital transformation!
Digital Infrastructure assists the business leaders to capture the opportunities to
bring innovations in the different IT departments. IT infrastructure is required in the
whole digital process for the foundation of the IT system. To focus on the competitive
edge the companies are focusing on automating the network in order to save time
with less human errors. The link between the IT infrastructure and the digital
transformation is strong a sit allows to make the products or services available on
the digital platform.
 Through online websites and applications, the company can build the image
of the company and a capture the market easily by making the products or
services more accessible.
 In all the businesses, digitalization is important to survive in the market with
the competitors. As well as, it allows the company to make and share data
and collab of the various projects to make the products more accessible for
the customers.
 It is also important for the companies to keeping up with the changes going
on the world and to be in the race. The digital world is supported by the
technologies such as mobile phones, machine leaning, internet, robotics or
information processors.
Conclusion
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It can be concluded from the above report that information system is a set of
collecting and storing the data which helps in providing the knowledge, digital
products and information in the company. The above report concluded that there are
various theories and techniques which are used to develop the IT solutions for
example MS Office, McAfee, Moodle or Canvas. Also, the report also inferred the
role of IT infrastructure in digital transformation and about the various risks which are
related and associated with the outsourcing systems. Whereas, outsourcing helps to
increase the efficiency due to access of the skills and resources. The main thing is
that businesses of any size and type can use outsourcing to help the company grow
and improve while taking care of expenses as low as possible. Due to high prices of
purchasing the equipment outsourcing is the better option so that it can adopt a cost-
effective method to outsource. When there is a need of growth the companies can
try and adopt the methods of outsourcing which can be less expensive and more
efficient. It will directly enhance the growth of the company (Silva, Diyan and Han,
2019).
References
Silva, B.N., Diyan, M. and Han, K., 2019. Big data analytics. In Deep Learning:
Convergence to Big Data Analytics (pp. 13-30). Springer, Singapore.
Sedkaoui, S., 2018. Data analytics and big data. John Wiley & Sons.
Ozment, S., Rehberger Bescos, I., Browder, G., Lange, G.M. and Gartner, T., 2019.
Integrating green and gray: Creating next generation infrastructure.
Michie, J. ed., 2019. The handbook of globalisation. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Hall, S. and Werbner, P., 2020. Cosmopolitanism, Globalisation and Diaspora 1.
In Anthropology and the new cosmopolitanism (pp. 345-360). Routledge.
Rai, A., Constantinides, P. and Sarker, S., 2019. Next Generation Digital Platforms:
Toward Human-AI Hybrids. Mis Quarterly, 43(1), pp.iii-ix.
Langran, G., 2020. Time in geographic information systems. CRC Press.
Beynon-Davies, P., 2019. Business information systems. Red Globe Press.
Konecny, G., 2019. Geoinformation: remote sensing, photogrammetry and
geographical information systems. cRc Press.
Crooks, A., Malleson, N., Manley, E. and Heppenstall, A., 2018. Agent-based
modelling and geographical information systems: a practical primer. Sage.
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