Information Systems and IT Solution: Design, Development, and Impact on Globalization

This study focuses on the information system and IT solutions which helps organizations to carry out its operations, interact with suppliers and customers well and sustain in the market place. It explains the impact of information system on globalization and risks associated with information outsourcing. The report also highlights the importance of IT infrastructure in digital transformation.

BSc (Hons) Business Management
Cohort 2
BMP4005
Information Systems and Big Data
Analysis
Information Systems & IT Solution
2019/2020
February 2020/Semester 1
Submitted by:
Name:
ID:
1

Contents
Introduction p
Task 1: Theories, methods and techniques which relate
to the design and development for TWO of the IT
solutions listed here: (i) McAfee; (ii) Moodle; (iii) Canvas;
(iv) MS Office
p
Task 2: Explanation of the systems below with relevant
examples p
Task 3: Globalisation and the effects of IT on
globalisation
p
Task 4: Definition, example, advantages and
disadvantages of digital infrastructure p
Task 5: Risks associated with information systems
outsourcing and why is IT infrastructure so critical to
digital transformation! P
Conclusion p
References p
2

Introduction
This study focuses on the information system and IT solutions which helps
organizations to carry out its operations, interact with suppliers and customers well and
sustain in the market place. It is a process of digital products which is used by business
concern in order to make profits. Additionally, this report showcases methods and
techniques to be used by concerns in order to boost its productivity. In this various systems
are used to manage the data to carry out operations smoothly. This report explains the
impact of information system on globalization and risks associated with information
outsourcing.
Task 1: Theories, methods and techniques which relate to the
design and development for TWO of the IT solutions listed
here: (i) McAfee; (ii) Moodle; (iii) Canvas; (iv) MS Office
In context to this, various methods, theories and techniques are discussed to design
and develop IT solutions. Information system are the software and hardware components
which supports various applications to convert the daunting task into easy one. In addition,
to this it helps in collecting, creating and distributing raw data which helps in coordinating
the activities of the organization and making useful decisions. Various software are used to
resolve the issues with regard to information technology. (Adamson, Wang and Moore,
2017)These are as follows :
Canvas (learning management system)
It is a web based software which allows universities and institutions to manage
digital learning by creating and presenting online assessment, questionnaires and
knowledgeable content online. This helps to engage educators and students actively.
Besides this, anyone can access canvas on mobile phones by using canvas teacher, canvas
student and other apps.
Canvas users :
It includes the role of admins, designers, students, educators to create enriching
learning experience. In this canvas instructional designers can use this to create interactive
content and track courses regularly to improve in teaching and learning. School counselors
may use canvas to monitor student performance and keep the track of what they are doing.
Along with this, guardians also uses this application to track how students are performing
and checking their progress which includes assignments and project submissions.
Objective of using Canvas :
 It is used to make teaching and learning experience more enriching. It makes
everything easy to understand right from students to professionals.
 It easily connects educators and students to monitor performance, manage
assignments, share documents and so on.
 This modern learning management system helps in making this entire learning
process engaging and boost the interest of both trainers and educators.
3

McAfee
It is antivirus scanner used for the purpose of malware detection across windows,
Mac, Android and others. It is used for computer security purposes as it block all the paths
of threats which includes viruses, spyware, Trojans ransomware and so on. Besides this, it
has various other features which includes firewall and WiFi protection, secure file storage,
identifies theft areas and improves the performance. It is an anti phishing and anti exploit
browser which blocks the paths of all threatening websites on chrome or Firefox. (Avgerou
and Walsham, 2017)Furthermore, this is a high quality scanner which is easy to use at
cheaper prices. There are other competitors of McAfee includes Norton, Avira and others
all of these remove all malware during tests.
Objectives of McAfee are as follows:
 It removes all kind of malware in computers by scanning computer system and also
provides customer support to resolve the issues of the customers.
Task 2: Explanation of the systems below with relevant
examples
DSS (Decision Support System)
It is computer based application which collects, organizes and analyses raw data to
facilitate management in taking crucial decisions. In addition to this, it compile data from
various sources such as documents, personal experience of employees, management and
others which assist in resolving issues and making all the important decisions. If follows a
process of aggregating raw data then synthesizing it to obtain useful information which is
shared with top level management to make all the crucial decisions. For instance, many
industries from medicines to agriculture uses this system to take decisions. Many big
businesses uses this system to collect and interpret raw data for taking all the crucial
decisions for long term purposes.(Deal and et. al., 2017)
ESS (Executive Support System)
It is a specialized form of decision support system which facilitates senior
executives in taking all decisions. It gathers all the internal and external information and
transform it into useful reports which then helps management to frame future corporate
strategies to achieve organizational goals. Besides this, it showcases potential outcomes
and useful statistical data to managers. These helps to make all necessary changes as per
the reports to boost the growth of business firm. It comes with numerous benefits such as,
it is easy to use by upper level management to analyzing trends by comparing performance
from past records. Furthermore, it helps in enhancing personal thinking and decision
making power of management. For example, IBM, Oracle and various other multinational
companies uses this data to check on various operations of business concern.
4

TPS (Transaction Processing System)
It is a type of information system that collects, stores, modifies and retrieves data to
perform necessary operations of the concern. It keep records of routine transactions such as
employee records in an organization, sales orders in businesses, payroll and processing
transactions to ascertain the actual position of the business firm. It comes up with various
advantages such as ensuring data is accurate, producing timely documents, reports and
others all these features helps to achieve competitive advantage over others. For instance,
Wells Fargo bank uses this system to maintain data in effective and efficient way to ensure
good results.
MIS (Management Information System)
This system uses computer hardware and software for integrating raw information
which helps in planning , controlling and taking all the important decisions to improve the
efficiency of organization. Moreover, it helps to achieve the goals and objectives of firms,
analyzing the trends and making improvements in all inefficient areas. (Delisle, 2019.)So,
it serves as a backbone of the administration which assist management in planning and
implementing actions in order to make profits.
For instance, strategy point, Janus health and various other companies are using it to
improve the performance of the concern.
KSM (Knowledge Management System)
It is a type of management system which follows a certain process in order to
smoothly run the operations. In this all the internal or external information is collected,
stored, analyzed and shared within the organizational setting to improve the efficiency and
productivity of business concern. Moreover, this application is used to retain information
and use it to increase productivity and efficiency of the business concern. This ensures that
necessary information is available on demand for better management. It comes up with
numerous benefits such as it will reduce the cost of customer service, it provides
information faster and helps in resolving issues. It is used by all the organization to keep
them upgraded of latest techniques and necessary adjustments.
Task 3: Globalization and the effects of IT on globalization
Globalization : It is the spread of products, technology, information, jobs and
others across globe. It means interdependence of nations around globe due to advancement
of transportation and communication technology. This has led to increase in exchange of
ideas, beliefs and culture. This allows other countries to do cross border investments by
adhering national and international terms and conditions. Furthermore, it increases the
flow of capital, development in trading activities and increase in employment
opportunities. (Dhillon, Syed and de Sá-Soares, 2017)
Effects of information technology on globalization :
With the advancement of transportation and communication technology many
changes has incurred globally. These are as follows :
5

 Introduction of Internet : This has helped companies to grow exponentially. As it
allows organizations and individual to offer their ideas, experiences, products and
services worldwide. This has increased the productivity and profits of the business
concern because it has enabled them to share knowledge about the products and
services spontaneously. This helps to improve the brand image of the organizations
which ultimately leads to more profit.
 Driven towards digital world : Advancement of technology has improved the
condition of the economy in many ways. Such as by introducing digital cameras,
mobiles, personal laptops and other appliances has opened the gateways of
improvement in all sections of society. All of these have allowed people to connect
instantly by using the internet connection and maintain healthy relations. Moreover,
this allows companies to communicate with clients and employees around the
world regarding the updated information of the organization in no seconds.
 Increased competition : Modern economy has allowed trade between countries
which allowed firms to capture large market share in order to make profits.
Moreover, this has allowed products to come from various parts of the world. Due
to changes in global trends companies have to make regular changes to stay
competitive in the marketplace. As of now companies deal across world which
boosts up the growth and generate revenue for the enterprise.
 Increase in the knowledge : This allows free flow of information and
communication all over the world. Invention of newer technologies has allowed
individual to share their thoughts and information worldwide, which helps them to
grow personally and professionally. Information system has introduced various
Security software which enables users to keep the data confidential.
Task 4: Definition, example, advantages and disadvantages of
digital infrastructure
Digital infrastructure :
This means using digital technologies that provide the foundation of information
technology. It includes mobile telecommunications, broadband, communication satellite,
network infrastructure and others. These are the physical resources which enables the
usage of data, methods and computerized systems to improve the quality of life.(Gilley and
et.al., 2017)
Advantages of Digital Infrastructure:
 It allows companies to connect with the people and places instantly.
 It improves the productivity and economic growth of the business concern.
Disadvantages of digital infrastructure :
 It is complex process and showcases some issues regarding data security.
6

 It is difficult for the small retailers to invest in digital infrastructure due to which
they deal in only cash. Only big companies can use these facilities to increase their
productivity levels.
Task 5: Risks associated with information systems outsourcing
and why is IT infrastructure so critical to digital
transformation!
Information System Outsourcing:
Information system play a key role in modern companies where the cost of
information system functions is rising. The management of the company considers
outsourcing of the vital information processes in order to control and reduce the
expenditure associated with data storage.
Risks associated with information system outsourcing:
 Noncompetitive staff: It is one of the risk of outsourcing information systems to
external vendors where inexperienced staff are hired for development and
managing the information system processes. The lack of knowledge and expertise
about how to manage the information systems can negatively impact the efficiency
of the organization.(Kourtit, Nijkamp and Steenbruggen, 2017)
 Loss of control: Outsourcing may result in lose of control on functions of
information system over the hands management. The vendor to which the
responsibility is assigned has the power to run and develop its own information
system by using expensive technologies which can increase its operational costs.
 Hidden expenses: These are the costs which can arise if the company does not
ascertain correctly the installation charges , including redeployment costs,
relocation costs or parallel operational costs. Moreover, If the new technology
comes in the market than it leads to incur additional costs which can increase the
expenditure cost of the firm.
 Vulnerability of strategic data: The leakage of confidential information can impose
a greater risk in front of the big organization. Moreover, if the trade secrets and
proprietary knowledge is leaked to competitors it can have a damaging effect on
the company' competitive growth.(Nazari-Shirkouhi and et.al., 2017)
 Dependency on vendors: While outsourcing its vital information system, company
can become more dependent on the actions of vendors. If the vendor does not
provide good and satisfying service to its customers than it can negatively impact
the image of the organization in the market.
Importance of IT infrastructure in digital transformation:
Advancement in the Information technologies plays a crucial role in the digital
transformation.(Uskov and et. al., 2017) Adopting new IT technologies in its day to day
operations can help the management in creation of robust business models which allows
7

it to anticipate infrastructural and behavioral changes in most efficient and effective
manner.
Positive impact of IT in digital transformation:
 Improved network technologies form the foundation of digital transformation.
Introduction of newer technologies like fifth- generation wireless networks
(5G) and Artificial intelligence fueled the growth of digitization. Moreover, it also
help companies to increase its operational efficiency.
 The discovery of cloud computing software has played a pivotal role in storing big
digital data which is crucial for the management of the company. Hence, it has a
positive impact on the digital transformation of business functions.(Rajaeian and
et.al., 2017)
 Keeping data secure is a challenging task for the organization from hackers. The
growth of IT infrastructure lead to development of antivirus software to avoid
unauthorized data usage.
Conclusion
In the above study information system has been discussed and how it has impacted
entire economy. These systems records raw data and convert into useful reports which
assist in decision making to the top level management. Other than this it included the how
integrating with global economy has benefited the companies. At the last, information
system outsourcing has been discussed to understand its impact on global level.
References
Books and Journals:
Adamson, G., Wang, L. and Moore, P., 2017. Feature-based control and information
framework for adaptive and distributed manufacturing in cyber physical
systems. Journal of manufacturing systems, 43. pp.305-315.
Avgerou, C. and Walsham, G. eds., 2017. Information technology in context: Studies from
the perspective of developing countries. Routledge.
Deal, B and et. al., 2017. Urban resilience and planning support systems: The need for
sentience. Journal of Urban Technology, 24(1). pp.29-45.
Delisle, D. R., 2019. Republished: big things come in bundled packages: implications of
bundled payment systems in health care reimbursement reform. American Journal
of Medical Quality, 34(5). pp.482-487.
Dhillon, G., Syed, R. and de Sá-Soares, F., 2017. Information security concerns in IT
outsourcing: Identifying (in) congruence between clients and vendors. Information
& Management, 54(4), pp.452-464.
Gilley and et.al., 2017. Research on outsourcing: Theoretical perspectives and empirical
evidence. In Global outsourcing strategies (pp. 41-56). Routledge.
Kourtit, K., Nijkamp, P. and Steenbruggen, J., 2017. The significance of digital data
systems for smart city policy. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 58. pp.13-21.
Nazari-Shirkouhi and et.al., 2017. A fuzzy decision making methodology based on fuzzy
AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS with a case study for information systems outsourcing
decisions. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 32(6), pp.3921-3943.
8

Rajaeian and et.al., 2017. A systematic literature review and critical assessment of model-
driven decision support for IT outsourcing. Decision Support Systems, 102, pp.42-
56.
Uskov, V. L and et. al., 2017. Smart universities: concepts, systems, and
technologies (Vol. 70). Springer.
Yang, B. and Hu, B. Q., 2017. On some types of fuzzy covering-based rough sets. Fuzzy
sets and Systems, 312. pp.36-65.
9

(Adamson, Wang and Moore, 2017)(Avgerou and Walsham, 2017)(Deal and et. al., 2017)
(Delisle, 2019.)(Dhillon, Syed and de Sá-Soares, 2017)(Gilley and et.al., 2017)
(Kourtit, Nijkamp and Steenbruggen, 2017)(Nazari-Shirkouhi and et.al., 2017)
(Rajaeian and et.al., 2017)(Uskov and et. al., 2017)(Yang and Hu, 2017)
10