Information Systems and IT Solution: Design, Development, and Risks

This report discusses the design and development of IT solutions such as Moodle and McAfee, along with various information systems and their impact on globalization. It also covers the definition, advantages, and disadvantages of digital infrastructure and the risks associated with information systems outsourcing.

BSc (Hons) Business Management
Cohort 2
BMP4005
Information Systems and Big Data
Analysis
Information Systems & IT Solution
2019/2020
February 2020/Semester 1
Submitted by:
Name:
ID:
1

Contents
Introduction p
Task 1: Theories, methods and techniques which relate to
the design and development for TWO of the IT solutions
listed here: (i) McAfee; (ii) Moodle; (iii) Canvas; (iv) MS
Office p
Task 2: Explanation of the systems below with relevant
examples p
Task 3: Globalisation and the effects of IT on globalisation
p
Task 4: Definition, example, advantages and
disadvantages of digital infrastructure p
Task 5: Risks associated with information systems
outsourcing and why is IT infrastructure so critical to
digital transformation! P
Conclusion p
References p
2

Introduction
Information system refers to the overall set of integrated components that help
in collecting, storing as well as processing data in order to provide optimal
information, knowledge along with digital products. Organizations relies on
information system in order to manager their operations along with develop effective
interaction with customers and suppliers and compete within the market (Al-Emran
and et.al., 2018). For the following report TESCO has been taken into consideration
which is a British multinational retailer headquartered in Welwyn Garden City, UK.
The following report will highlight various theories and methods along with
techniques related to IT solutions. In addition to this, it will discuss various systems
relative to the chosen company. Moreover, it will evaluate the concept of
globalization and the impact of IT along with advantage and disadvantage if digital
infrastructure. Furthermore, it will focus on risk associated with information systems
in context to outsourcing.
Task 1: Theories, methods and techniques which relate to
the design and development for TWO of the IT solutions
listed here: (i) McAfee; (ii) Moodle; (iii) Canvas; (iv) MS
Office
There are various theories, methods along with techniques that are utilized in
the designing and development of IT solutions. These techniques serve as the
overall base for the IT solutions and help an organization to achieve high level of
performance as well as productivity. In addition to this its allows a business to take
vital decisions in an effective manner which helps the organization to improve its
productively as well as functioning. Given below are two IT solutions along with how
technique, methods and theories help in their design as well as development:
Moodle:
Moodle is a free as well as an open-source learning management systems
that provides a platform for online learning that helps provide assassinate in creating
online courses along with assignments. The management systems helps in tracking
the overall progress of students in an optimal manner. The management system of
Moodle is based on the theory of Social constructiveness which is related to
3

sociological theory of knowledge. It focuses on knowledge relative to the
development of human in social situations and constructs interaction with others.
McAfee:
McAfee is a security software that helps an organization as well as individual
to keep their data safe and secure. The software helps in proving various layer of
protection form threats relative to hackers in an effective manner. The IT solution is
based on the agile method which refers to managing multiple tasks by braking them
into several phases. This helps in the IT solution to be highly effective as well as
efficient in its operations.
Task 2: Explanation of the systems below with relevant
examples
There are various information systems within management that help the
organizational to understand individuals, technology along with organizations and
establish relationship among them. In addition to this it allows a business to
maximize its benefits relative to investment in personnel, equipment along with
business processes (Berdik and et.al., 2021).In context to TESCO, there are various
information systems that can be utilized by the management which will allow the
business to collect vital information relative to their business operations and develop
suitable strategies to gain market competitiveness as we as productivity. Given
below are some types of systems in context to TESOC.
DSS (Decision Support System)
The decision support system is a computerized program that is utilized by
organizations in order to support determinations and judgments along with
evaluating a course of actions. The system analyses huge amount of data and
complies it in a comprehensive manner to solve problems and help in decision
making. In context to TESCO, it can help the organization to take decisions relative
to development of products and service through the collection of customer data
related to their needs and wants.
ESS (Executive Support System)
4

This system help an organization top effectively transform enterprise data into
accessible and executive-level reports. In addition to this, it allows a business to
have effective billing, accounting along with staffing department. In context to
TESCO, the system will help the management to enhance its decision making
process relative to accounting and billing which will can help the organization to
optimize its financial decisions in an efficient manner (Chambers and et.al., 2018).
TPS (Transaction Processing System)
This process system is an information systems that involves collection of
transactions, modification as well as attaining relative transaction data. The TPS
allows an organization to attain high level of performance, reliability along with
consistencies within its transaction operations. In context to TESCO, the utilization of
TPS within the organization can allow the management to effective attain data
relative to all the business transactions. This can help the business to take vital
decisions related to financial resource of the organization.
MIS (Management Information System)
This system focuses on utilizing collected data relative to technology,
individuals, business records along with processing data that is produced. In addition
to this, MIS helps an organization to take day to day decisions in an optimal manner
to enhance business performance. In context to TESCO, the MIS can help the
organization to take vital decision based on various factors such as customers
preference, sales volume along with inventory in order to take suitable decision to
ensure high level of productivity.
KSM (Knowledge Management System)
` The knowledge management systems is an effective tool that helps an
organization to organize documentations, frequent asked questions along with other
information in an accessible format for both internal as well as external customers. In
context to TESCO, MIS can be utilized in providing customers a better experience in
answering their frequently asked questions along with keeping organizational
information up to data in order to enhance productivity (Hair and et.al., 2017).
5

Task 3: Globalisation and the effects of IT on globalisation
Globalization refers the spread of products, technology and information along
with jobs across national boarder and consist of understanding of various cultures.
Relative to economic aspects it helps in describing the overall interdependence of an
organization on free trade (Hand and Crowder., 2017). In context to TESCO, the
organization can gain high level of benefits from globalization of its products and
services. In addition to this, the concept of globalization provide assistance to the
business in enhancing the overall brand image of the company and ensure in
attracting larger customers base in an effective manner. Moreover, globalization
helps the business to expand its business operation in an optimal manner and
develop higher level of performance. Given below are various impact of IT on
globalization in context to TESCO:
Reduced cost:
The introduction of IT within globalization can help an organization to reduce
its overall cost in various aspects such as marketing. The organization can utilize
digital platforms to promote their products and services which is cost efficient relative
to tradition marketing (Yandell., 2017). In context to TESCO, the organization can
utilize IT to ensure all its marketing operation are conducted on digital platform which
will help in effectively promoting its products and service resulting in higher level of
customer engagement.
High level of efficiency:
The concept of IT within globalization allows an organization to enhance its
overall operations through the utilization of various systems such as MIS and DSS.
These systems allow a business to ensure it is able to take appropriate steps when
offering its products and services in the international market. In context to TESCO,
the organization can utilize these various systems in order to develop effective
products and service in the global market by understanding the needs and wants of
customers. It helps the business to attain competitive advantage within the market
and enhances its overall performance (Heeringa and et.al., 2017).
Optimal reach-ability:
6

IT allows an organization to expand its overall reach to both suppliers and
customers in an optimal manner. It helps a business to ensure that it is able to
maintain positive relations with global suppliers and customers resulting in enhanced
business operation. In context to TESCO, the organization can utilize IT for it
globalization operation as it will provide essential support to the business in
establishing connections with oversees suppliers and customers in an effective
manner along with improving the overall brand image as well.
Understand customer behavior:
The concept of IT helps an organization to understand the overall behavior of
its customers in an effective manner. It helps the business to understand purchasing
patterns of customers along with their preferences and needs relative to products
and services (Hounslow., 2018). In context to TESCO, the organization can utilize IT
to develop products sand services based on collected data of customers that
outlines their needs and wants. This will allow the organization to gain competitive
advantage in the market and ensure high level of growth as well as profitability.
Task 4: Definition, example, advantages and
disadvantages of digital infrastructure
Digital infrastructure refers to the overall digital technologies that provide the
basic foundation for an organization's IT and operations. It include aspects such as
cloud services and software along with data centers and networks. In addition to this,
it consists of operational security along with user identity and data encryption. In
context to TESCO, its digital infrastructure pays a vital role in ensuring that the
organization is able to utilize technological aspects as well as resource sin an
effective manner. It provide the business with essential support in attaining high level
of efficiently as well as productivity. Given below are various advantage and
disadvantage of digital infrastructure.
Advantage:
Cost effective:
The digital infrastructure allows an organization to attain cost effectiveness in
various aspects as the business is able to save cost relative to promotional activities
along with gaining vital understanding of customers preference and taste. This
7

allows a business to save cost relative to market survey and collection of customer
data (Konecn., 2019).
Secure data:
The concept of digital infrastructure helps a business to establish high level of
security for its organization and controlled data. It helps a business to maintain and
secure data related to customers information along with organizational patents. In
addition to this, the organization is also able to secure vital information relative to its
financial resources secure (Wager, Lee and Glaser., 2021).
Reach-ability:
Digital infrastructure allows an organization to expand its overall reach relative
to both supplier and customers in an optimal manner. It helps a business to
effectively promote its products and services to customers as well as develop
reliable relations with suppliers who are oversees. This help the business to maintain
high level of productivity as well as performance and ensure all business operation
function at optimal levels.
Disadvantage:
Maintenance:
The concept of digital infrastructure requires high level of maintenance
relative to data centers. This is a crucial aspect as it require skilled workers to ensure
all operation related to digital infrastructure are optimal. In addition to this it is a
complex task which requires high level of knowledge as well as experience in order
to ensure uninterpreted business operations (Kumar, Mookerjee and Shubham., 2018).
Threat of hack:
Although digital infrastructure has high level of security there are various way
through with individuals such as hacker can gain access to vital information of an
organization. This can causer various problems such as leak of sensitive customer
information along with theft of organizational patents. This can cause organization to
not only encounter financial losses but have a negative impact on its brand image as
well.
Task 5: Risks associated with information systems
outsourcing and why is IT infrastructure so critical to
digital transformation!
8

Risks associated with information systems outsourcing
There are various risk that an organization can face when outsourcing its
information systems that have have a negative impact on the overall functioning of
the business. In context to TESCO, the outsourcing of its information system can
lead to various problems that can impact the overall performance as well as
productivity of the business. In addition to this, it can also negatively impact the
brand reputation of the organization due to inefficiency in business operations. Given
below are various risk associated with outsourcing of business operation in context
to TESCO:
Inexperience staff:
The outsource of information system can be mismanage by an inexperience
staff and can lead to ineffective if information systems leading to incorrect collection
of vital data. In context to TESCO, the organization can various various difficulties in
its decision making process if the data collect is not handled in an optimal manner by
outsourced staff (Langran., 2020).
Hidden cost:
There are various hidden cost in outsourcing of information system that an
organization has to encounter. This negatively impacts both the financial resource as
well as relations between be business and the outsourced firm. In context to TESCO,
the hidden cost can cause high level of disturbance in the relation between the
business and the firm handing the information system. This can lead to inefficiency
as well as loss of productivity ultimately impacting the business operations of
TESCO in a negative manner (Ott., 2018).
Loss of control:
The organization has relatively less control over its data when outsourcing its
information systems. This can lead to misalignment of goals and objects along with
resulting in low levels of productivity as well as performance. In context to TESCO,
the low level of control can lead to disrupted communication channels along with
decreased performance in taking essential business decisions. In addition to this, it
can lead to establishment of negative brand image and engagement with customers
(Laurini., 2018).
Why is IT infrastructure so critical to digital transformation!
9

The concept of IT infrastructure is crucial for an organization for digital
transformation as it provide a business with various benefits. In addition to this, it
helps a business to ensure that it is able to gain high level of productivity as well as
performance in the market. Moreover establishing an effective IT infrastructure
allows a business to focus on expanding its business in the global market through
effective understanding of its customers base along with their task and preferences
(Mihas., 2019). In context to TESCO, the business can have optimal development of
products and services through he utilization of IT infrastructure as it will be able to
determining various aspects of their customers behavior and how they interact with
tier products and services. In addition to this, it will also be able to ensure all the data
collect is secure and safe from theft.
Conclusion
From the above report, it has been concluded that it is crucial for an
organization to have effective IT infrastructure in order to ensure that is has optimal
business operations. The report was also able to conclude that their are both
advantage as well as disadvantages of IT that it has to consider before establishing
its infrastructure. In addition to this, it was concluded that, IT plays a vital role in
assistance an organization to attain the concept of globalization in an optimal
manner. Moreover, it is also crucial,l for a business to develop digital infrastructure
relative to digital information in order to stay competitive within the markets both
domestic as well as international. Furthermore, the report also conclude that there
are various systems that the organization can utilize in order to enhance its overall
performance as well as productivity and gain vital support relative to taking
organizational decision that will also in gaining high level of growth as well as
profitability.
References
Al-Emran and et.al., 2018. The impact of knowledge management processes on information
systems: A systematic review. International Journal of Information
Management, 43, pp.173-187.
Berdik, D.and et.al., 2021. A survey on blockchain for information systems management and
security. Information Processing & Management, 58(1), p.102397.
Chambers and et.al., 2018. Graphical methods for data analysis. Chapman and Hall/CRC.
10

Hair, J and et.al., 2017. An updated and expanded assessment of PLS-SEM in information
systems research. Industrial Management & Data Systems.
Hand, D. and Crowder, M., 2017. Practical longitudinal data analysis. Routledge.
Heeringa and et.al., 2017. Applied survey data analysis. chapman and hall/CRC.
Hounslow, A. W., 2018. Water quality data: analysis and interpretation. CRC press.
Konecny, G., 2019. Geoinformation: remote sensing, photogrammetry and geographical
information systems. cRc Press.
Kumar, S., Mookerjee, V. and Shubham, A., 2018. Research in operations management and
information systems interface. Production and Operations Management, 27(11),
pp.1893-1905.
Langran, G., 2020. Time in geographic information systems. CRC Press.
Laurini, R., 2018. Information systems for urban planning: a hypermedia cooperative
approach. CRC Press.
Mihas, P., 2019. Qualitative data analysis. In Oxford research encyclopedia of education.
Ott, W. R., 2018. Environmental statistics and data analysis. Routledge.
Wager, K. A., Lee, F. W. and Glaser, J.P., 2021. Health care information systems: a practical
approach for health care management. John Wiley & Sons.
Yandell, B. S., 2017. Practical data analysis for designed experiments. Routledge.
(Al-Emran and et.al., 2018)(Berdik and et.al., 2021)(Chambers and et.al., 2018)(Hair and
et.al., 2017)(Hand and Crowder., 2017)(Heeringa and et.al., 2017)(Hounslow.,
2018)(Konecn., 2019)(Kumar, Mookerjee and Shubham., 2018)(Langran., 2020)
(Laurini., 2018)(Mihas., 2019)(Ott., 2018)(Wager, Lee and Glaser., 2021)(Yandell.,
2017)
11