Information Systems and IT Solution: Design, Development, Theories, Methods, Techniques, Globalisation, Risks, and Digital Infrastructure

This assignment covers techniques and solutions of IT and different kinds of systems related to it. It also covers an explanation about globalization and impact of IT on globalization. Later, it covers digital infrastructure and its pros and cons. Lastly, it tells about different risks linked with IT systems outsourcing.

BSc (Hons) Business Management
Cohort 2
BMP4005
Information Systems and Big Data
Analysis
Information Systems & IT Solution
2019/2020
February 2020/Semester 1
Submitted by:
Name:
ID:
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Contents
Introduction 3
Task 1: Theories, methods and techniques which relate to
the design and development for TWO of the IT solutions
listed here: (i) McAfee; (ii) Moodle; (iii) Canvas; (iv) MS
Office 3
Task 2: Explanation of the systems below with relevant
examples 4
Task 3: Globalisation and the effects of IT on globalisation
6
Task 4: Definition, example, advantages and
disadvantages of digital infrastructure 6
Task 5: Risks associated with information systems
outsourcing and why is IT infrastructure so critical to
digital transformation! 7
Conclusion 8
References 10
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Introduction
There are numerous companies which are working with large amount of data. These
data can be meant as the basic facts or values and tackled in an organized way in a
database. In general, people think that data as synonym of information. Therefore, in actual
information involves data that has been tackled to support answer questions and to solve
problems. An information system can be understood as the software that supports in
organizing and analyzing data. Hence, the main aim of an information system is to turn raw
data into helpful information that is meant for decision-making in an association (Zhou,
Zhou and Wang, 2018). It deals in assembling, storing and processing data and also
for facilitating knowledge, information and digital items. Business organizations and many
other firms depends upon information system to conduct and manage their functions,
interact with their suppliers and clients and compete in the target market. This assignment
is based upon techniques and solutions of IT and different kinds of systems related to it. It
also covers an explanation about globalization and impact of IT on globalization. Later, it
covers digital infrastructure and its pros and cons. Lastly, it tells about different risks linked
with IT systems outsourcing.
Task 1: Theories, methods and techniques which relate to
the design and development for TWO of the IT solutions
listed here: (i) McAfee; (ii) Moodle; (iii) Canvas; (iv) MS
Office
 MS Office: It is a family of server software, client software and services created y
Microsoft. In 1988, it was introduced by Bill Gates at COMDEX in Las Vegas. It
referred to suit of application created with a aim to deliver productivity in the
business while helping general tasks on a computer. One can make and edit files
containing texts and pictures, work with data in databases and spreadsheets and
make posters and presentations. The first version of MS Office involved MS Excel, MS
word and MS PowerPoint. The applications in MS Office have turned substantially
closer with common characteristics such as data integration or common spell
checker. Office is created in numerous versions and aimed towards various final-
users and computing surroundings. The original and most likely exploited version is
the “desktop version” which is available for Windows and PCs running. Office online
is that type of version of the software that performs with a browsing web. Microsoft
also keeps office applications for iOS and Android (Fabrizio and et.al., 2018).
MS Office was mainly developed with an aim to automate the manual work in office
with a set of objective built apps.
Each of the apps in MS Office delivers as certain information and knowledge or office
domain such as:
◦ MS Word: It aims to create text documents.
◦ MS Excel: It aims to create simple as well complex data spreadsheets.
◦ MS PowerPoint: It aims to create professional multimedia presentations.
◦ MS Access: It is a data management application.
◦ MS OneNote: It is a substitute to a paper notebook and allows users to organize
their notes in a neat manner.
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◦ MS Publisher: It is an introductory application for developing and publishing
marketing materials.
 Moodle: It is an acronym for “Modular object-oriented dynamic learning
environment”. It acts as an online educational platform that delivers custom learning
surroundings for learners. Teachers and educators can exploit Moodle to make
lessons, manage chapters and interact with students and teachers. Learners use this
stool to review that submit assignments, class calendar, take quizzes and interact
with other individuals (Africa, 2018). It was announced by Martin Dougiamas.
The key agenda of Moodle has been contribute appropriately to the system of online
learning and provide e-learning and achievement of online degrees. As the Moodle
presents particular general features in almost all kindred online learning tools. It also
facilitates specific plug-in options. As an online learning platform, Moodle features:
◦ chats
◦ blogs
◦ glossaries
◦ database activities
◦ content management
◦ support systems sanctioning the functioning in numerous languages.
◦ Regular assessment and examination.
Task 2: Explanation of the systems below with relevant
examples
DSS (Decision Support System)
A decision support system can be understood as the computer program application
that is exploited to enhance the decision-making capabilities of an organisation. It aims to
examine the larger amount of data and shows a company with its best possible alternatives.
It brings knowledge and data together from various areas and sources to serve the users
with information beyond the summaries and usual reports. This aims to support users make
informed decisions (Yablochnikov and et.al., 2018). For instance, GPS route
planning in which DSS utilized to plan best and fastest route between the two points with an
examination of all options available.
ESS (Executive Support System)
An Executive Support System (ESS) refers to a software that enables users to change
organizational data into promptly accessible and executive level reports such as accounting,
billing and staffing departments (Shapovalov and et.al., 2019). It aims to improve
the decision-making for executives. It often recognised as Executive Information System
(EIS). It gives access to organized corporation and departmental data while facilitating
performance assessment predictors and evaluation utilities. It gives potential results and
prompt statistical data that are apllicable to decision-making process. For instance,
Cambridge systematic has the ESS to support Transportation Ministry in their investment
planning process.
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TPS (Transaction Processing System)
TPS is an advanced form of information system that enables enterprises to handle
and organize transactions throughout the world (Rahardja and Harahap, 2019). It
refers as a sophisticated revenue management system that creates desired forms of results
on the manner of summaries and reports with the provided inputs which may be customer
orders, cash memos, invoices and so on. It is that type of information system that is used to
captures and processes every single dealing undertaking within the business. Such
transactions may involve assembling, modifications and combination of activities that cause
the retrieval of all dealings. Examples such as shipping, sale order entry, payroll, hotel
reservations and many more.
MIS (Management Information System)
Management Information Systems or MIS is meant by the study of individuals,
enterprises, technologies and the relationship among them. MIS experts supports
organizations to get maximum benefits from the spending in equipment, personnel and
business processes. It is people-oriented domain with an importance on service through
technology. This is used for making decisions and for the coordination, analysis, control and
visualization of information in an enterprise. Examples such as Fleetmatics Work, Microsoft
Dynamics, Tharstern Limited and Clarity Professional MIS.
KSM (Knowledge Management System)
It is an important tool exploited by organizations to support organize
documentation, frequently asked queries and other data into formats that can be accessed
for both internal and external clients. With the use of KMS one can keep their
documentation up to date, help customers in finding their own solutions and manage
knowledge access and approvals throughout user groups. It is has mainly three types
explicit, implicit and tacit knowledge (Aal, Abd Ellatif and Hassan, 2018).
Examples such as applicant tracking system, customer relationship management, shared
project file, feedback data base and many more.
Task 3: Globalisation and the effects of IT on globalisation
Globalization is a broader term that is widely used by organizations. There is no
single definition available that can explain globalization. In common words, it means that
the globe is becoming interconnected by cultural exchange and trade. It has made an
increase in the manufacturing of commodities (Callcut and et.al., 2021). It refers as
the increasing interdependence of the world's cultures, economies and populations,
brought about by cross-border flow of products, services, flow of investment, information,
people and technology. Information technologies delivers a bigger impact on globalisation
where people can connect anyone from anywhere. Globalisation allows quicker information
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transaction, faster transportation and bigger selection of movement from country to
country to know the efficient and effective place.
Globalisation has been impacted by IT in several ways:
 Information technology plays a very crucial role that changes the way of doing
things in the world. It is vital to make competitive strategies for the companies.
Advent in the globalisation has led to exploration of new marketplaces and also help
in the increment of competitive technologies that can use to reduce the trade
barriers.
 IT also helps in the quickening and aggravating flows of communication and
information, people can access more information from anywhere in the globe, all
from the comfort of home.
 IT supports in boosting the speed of flow of transportation and communication
along, enables organisations to look around the world for the labor who are lease
expensive.
 As the IT supports company to look for inexpensive labour, it becomes the
drawback for labour to get job at lower wages.
 IT also creates discrepancy between poor and rich on higher rate. The people who
have money can take numerous benefits and advantages of globalisation, but,
unfortunately, peope with little or no money are left behind in the queue of poverty
and unable to get benefits of globalisation.
Task 4: Definition, example, advantages and
disadvantages of digital infrastructure
Digital infrastructure and framework infrastructure includes those components
capable of delivering assistance for urban management. It can be understood as the digital
technologies that offer the foundation for an information technology and operations of
organization. For instances, internet backbone, data centers and networks, mobile telecom
and digital communication suites, applications, organizational portals, software, systems
and platforms, APIs and integration and many more.
Advantages of digital infrastructure:
 It has transformed the way of communicating with others, with number of
applications which allows user to send content to each other as well as in many
formats.
 The era of digitization brings all information at fingertips and one can access data
easily (Bertaut, Bressler and Curcuru, 2019). For instance, people now
depend on heavily on the mobile phones and computers with internet which offer
them immediate answers to any queries.
 It has opened up a new era where one can job opportunities due to the facility of
remote working that the internet as allowed for.
 It has rise the commercial competition where customers now have so many options
to select from.
Disadvantage of Digital Infrastructure:
 The ease of communication can put a negative influence on the real life
interpersonal skills and enervates the strengths of the society.
 It increases crime and terrorism. As the internet provides a chance to everyone to
access the world-wide platform, it also encourage terrorist to promote themselves
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on social media platform in drug dealings, exchange of private pictures and videos
and many more.
 Easily access of information can deliver the chance of misuse the secret information.
For example, allows the spread of false information, incorrect self-diagnosis for
health conditions and many more.
Task 5: Risks associated with information systems
outsourcing and why is IT infrastructure so critical to
digital transformation!
Risks associated with information systems outsourcing
In the fast-paced and dynamic business world, the information system has becoming
more sophisticated and complex day by day. It is complicated to handle risks associated
with it. It is complex for the enterprise to keep their information confidential. Hence, to
ensure the success of the organization, it becomes important to optimize the management
process in developing and deploying the information system outsourcing. The risks involved
with IT systems are as follows:
 Inexperienced Staffs: It is one of main risks associated in IT sectors to have
experienced professionals to manage the process and activities. Because the
information system outsourcing verifies the knowledge and experience of the service
provider(Reynolds and et.al., 2019).
 Loss of control: When one organization transfers the responsibilities to another firm
to conduct and perform the business functions and development of IT systems, then
it may loss the functionality control of IT systems.
 Vulnerability of the strategic information: The secrets of flow of goods and services
and proprietary information related to it may get leaked among competition due to
the use of IT systems. It can be particular damaging.
 Dependency on business of vendor: When information system has been outsourced,
then organization relies on vendor's practicality. If the vendor faces the financial
difficulties then it can generate numerous issues for the customers. In order to
resolve the problems linked with it then it is recommended to anticipate crises with
vendor to identify the responses of vendor in a quick way.
Why is IT infrastructure so critical to digital transformation!
IT infrastructure is sensitive to a good process of digital transformation. It refers as
the foundation of whole IT system in an organisation. Those who are unable to find the
value of data center infrastructure and network will necessarily by confining the
gracefulness of enterprise and risk spending more than essential on infrastructure as they
seek to modify their IT for digital information.
The benefits of IT infrastructure transformation:
 Improved service levels: IT infrastructure services are doing effectively when no one
looking at all. Best in service classes make sure that the infrastructure is always
responsive, available and high quality. With a high quality IT infrastructure, help
tickets are resolved quicker and system and network availability is reliable.
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 Bolstered network security: Security solutions have become more technical and
advanced in their own way to acknowledge the real time complications and threats.
It can also help to limit the spread of viruses and detect potential leaks of
information. Advanced solutions of IT can enhance the network security and limit
the outages that are not planned.
Conclusion
On the basis of above assignment, it can be concluded that information technology
delivers a huge impact on businesses as it serves numerous competitive benefits globally.
Organization can improve its efficiencies by exploiting various IT solutions and systems such
as KSM, DSS, ESS, TPS, MIS. All such systems helps company to improve its decision-making
ability. IT solutions also impacts globalization in both positive and negative ways. With the
help of IT solutions, it creates an ease of flow of goods, services, communication and many
more. It also facilitates an ease that people can connect themselves to anyone from
anywhere. It limits the production costs and other expenditures as well. Digital
infrastructure also help the company in their management process and operations.
Somehow, all such activities are associated with risks and complications that must be
addressed. Overall, it can be said that information technology develop the flow of goods and
services effectively at global level as well.
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References
Zhou, X., Zhou, D. and Wang, Q., 2018. How does information and communication
technology affect China's energy intensity? A three-tier structural decomposition
analysis. Energy, 151, pp.748-759.
Fabrizio, D. A. and et.al., 2018. Beyond microsatellite testing: assessment of tumor
mutational burden identifies subsets of colorectal cancer who may respond to
immune checkpoint inhibition. Journal of gastrointestinal oncology, 9(4), p.610.
Africa, A., 2018. A logic scoring of preference algorithm using ISO/IEC 25010: 2011 for open
source web applications moodle and wordpress. ARPN Journal of Engineering and
Applied Sciences, 13(15), pp.4567-4571.
Yablochnikov, S. L. and et.al., 2018, November. The aspects of modeling information
processes realized in complex telecommunication systems. In 2018 Wave
Electronics and its Application in Information and Telecommunication Systems
(WECONF) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Rahardja, U. and Harahap, E. P., 2019, July. Implementation of Information Planning and
Strategies Industrial Technology 4.0 to Improve Business Intelligence Performance
on Official Site APTISI. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1179, No. 1, p.
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Student's Behavioural Nature in the Class Room. Asian Journal of Education and
Training, 4(2), pp.102-107.
Aal, S. I. A., Abd Ellatif, M. M. and Hassan, M. M., 2018. Two ranking methods of single
valued triangular neutrosophic numbers to rank and evaluate information systems
quality. Infinite Study.
Shapovalov, V. and et.al., 2019. Centralized Information Web-oriented the Educational
Environment of Ukraine.
Reynolds, D. and et.al., 2019. CropSight: a scalable and open-source information
management system for distributed plant phenotyping and IoT-based crop
management. Gigascience, 8(3), p.giz009.
Bertaut, C. C., Bressler, B. and Curcuru, S. E., 2019. Globalization and the geography of
capital flows. FEDS Notes, (2019-09), p.06.
Callcut, M. and et.al., 2021. Digital Twins in Civil Infrastructure
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