Information Systems and IT Solution: Design and Development, Globalization, Digital Infrastructure, and Risks of Outsourcing

This report covers the design and development of IT solutions such as MS Office and Moodle, the effects of globalization on IT, advantages and disadvantages of digital infrastructure, and risks associated with information systems outsourcing. It also discusses the importance of IT infrastructure in digital transformation.

BSc (Hons) Business Management
Cohort 2
BMP4005
Information Systems and Big Data
Analysis
Information Systems & IT Solution
2019/2020
February 2020/Semester 1
Submitted by:
Name:
ID:
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Contents
Introduction p
Task 1: Theories, methods and techniques which relate to
the design and development for TWO of the IT solutions
listed here: (I) McAfee; (ii) Moodle; (iii) Canvas; (iv) MS
Office p
Task 2: Explanation of the systems below with relevant
examples p
Task 3: Globalization and the effects of IT on globalization
p
Task 4: Definition, example, advantages and
disadvantages of digital infrastructure p
Task 5: Risks associated with information systems
outsourcing and why is IT infrastructure so critical to
digital transformation! P
Conclusion p
References p
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Introduction
The information system can be defined as the combination of various components that are
used to collect, store and process the information to help the company in order to make decision.
It simply means sharing of vital information that helps the company to make decision and
coordinate the activities to create new products. These information system provides resources and
data that helps the end users to shared necessary information. The concept of information
technology is wider in term as it provides information to the users and ensure them to oversee the
shared information(Centobelli, Cerchione and Esposito, 2018). At management level, information
system not only contributes in efficient communication but also provides methods and medium
through which this information is transmitted at different level. This report will examine the
methods and technique for development of IT solution, importance and effects of globalization
and advantages and disadvantages of digital infrastructure along with risk involved in information
system outsourcing.
Task 1: Theories, methods and techniques which relate to the design and development
for TWO of the IT solutions listed here: (I) McAfee; (ii) Moodle; (iii) Canvas; (iv) MS
Office
 MS office: It is renowned software company was introduced by Microsoft in 1988
and provide wide range of application to its users. In today's times, the demand of MS
office requires to share knowledge, templates, documents and slides. Many
organizations used this tech savvy application to enhance their productivity and
efficiency. It promotes cost, performance and various alternatives that is required to
modernize the web browser(Gulliver, Fahmi and Abramson, 2021). It can easily
collaborate and provide features of sharing without downloading the database. It can
be used in every work environment because of user friendly application and less
complicated functionalities. MS office is considered to be most reliable tool used in
the organization and helps in developing and designing various tool requires to meet
business needs.
 Moodle: It stands for modular object oriented dynamic Learning environment. It is an
online platform that are used to create various assignments and courses for the
students. This IT solution technique provides learning sources for the students and
ensure progress in their learning. It encourages the communication and student
performance through various discussion and activities. It involves various trainers,
students and experts that are involved to provide efficient communication facilities to
the students. It is most useful application to ensure benefits through online learning
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programmer that are specifically designates 2d for the students. It is customized for
the students to give them rich platform which saves their time and enhance their
knowledge. It is world renowned learning provider which not only protect privacy but
also provides security featured to its users.
Task 2: Explanation of the systems below with relevant examples
DSS (Decision Support System)
it provides interactive system which helps to identify the volume of data in order to make
business decision. DSS helps to manage, operate and plan each level of business authority to
assess the contingency and trade related information to make decision over others. It provides
date driven mechanism and focuses on managerial requirement to make good decision. The
example of DSS are Data driven DSS, model driven DSS, Knowledge driven DSS, Document
driven DSS etc(Hwang, Shan and Looi, 2018).
ESS (Executive Support System)
ESS (Executive Support System): is defined as software system that provides its user to
organize data for easy access of organizational reports and tools are used analyses the
departmental function(Perannagari and Gupta, 2022). It is generally used to find out the
statistical data and departmental data that are used in process of decision making. It helps
high level authorities to analyses and compare the opportunities and threats. The example of
ESS are external database, financial reports, market reports etc.
TPS (Transaction Processing System)
Transaction Process system is used for disseminating information and modifying all the
information to increase performance and bring relatability and consistency in the system. It is
used as an advancement technology to ease and increase the efficiency in the working system
within the organization. The example of TPS are order processing, hotel reservation system,
employee records etc.
MIS (Management Information System)
It is an organized database provider that regulates all the functioning of the management and
increase performance of an individual. It collects data and convert that data into information.
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It includes management, information and system, these three components help the
management to processed with the data and organize the activities and managerial function.
The example of MIS are Microsoft dynamics, Clarity professional MIS.
KSM (Knowledge Management System)
The word knowledge itself suggest that it stores and allow collaboration to enhance
knowledge to the large number of people. These kind of management system help to reduce
cost and increase potential consumer and deliver better services to the people. It helps in
setting up of goals and objectives with the help of system software. The Example of KMS are
Canvas, Evernote, Tesco PLC etc.
Task 3: Globalization and the effects of IT on globalization
Globalization is a term that is basically affecting the trade and technology of the
world by rapidly increasing the production of goods and services by connecting and
interlinking the economic, social and cultural changes. It is the spread of various things
across the globe which mainly emphasize on trade related to business which has shaped the
world into expanding its boundaries towards the economic sector.
Information technology projects the smooth exchange of information across the boundaries,
as well as the expansion which leads to new ways of doing business through expansion of
resources from all across the world. The drastic transformation is leading towards
organizational framework of the products related to trade industry which is immensely
affecting the change on global economic structure. IT plays the role of a driver in speeding up
or keeping with the pace of global markets worldwide(Raghavan, Jain and Varma, 2019).
There are few main advances which have played a major role in the development of
globalization and its relation with IT sector which are as follows: -
 Invention of World Wide Web – The main impact on globalization was the
innovation of World Wide Web in 1991. This invention has basically helped a person
to view, access and post content all across the globe which proved to be very useful
and beneficial for the people worldwide and saw a leap of rise in the number of users.
This accelerated the sharing of knowledge and information across the globe.
 Rise of Personal computers – The PC allowed the people all across the globe to
access digital content and share with people all across the world. The follow up of
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telephone lines and e-mails increased the pace of usage of personal computing all
across the globe. Creation of Work Flow Software – Work flow software is a software package that
automatically regulates the business procedures and also documents, information,
tasks kind of workflows which can now be managed smoothly through digital
outsourcing. The collaboration of PC and e-mail, the workflow became smoother,
quicker, effective and easier.
 Supply chaining – The inter-link between the suppliers, retailers and customers forms
a chain for the smooth workflow of running a business. Supply chaining has
influenced globalization with the growth and increase in the standards of the
companies which in turn has increased the pace and added value to the company. This
also helps companies all across the world to do trade globally on a large scale giving
rise to its economic capacity and developing standards of business all across the
globe(Souza-Pereira, Ouhbi and Pombo, 2021).
 Digital, Mobile, Personal and Virtual Movement – The flood of virtual access
through personal computers, laptops, cellphones and mobile phones has created a
storm in the digital market giving rise to globalization on a huge scale. These
technologies have helped individuals work more efficiently in order to increase their
workflow smoothly and has effectively created a rise in the IT sector proving to be a
boon for the economic value in business industry.
Task 4: Definition, example, advantages and
disadvantages of digital infrastructure
There is given the abrupt nature in which all the digital infrastructure and the effective
digital advancement and technologies are being incorporated with the foundational growth
and the operations. Some of the main areas which are covered in the digital infrastructure is
networks, broadband, data centers and also further data encryption(Van der Ploeg,
2018).Their main motive is to underline and formulate all the effective nature and methods
with which the addresses and the general compliance with the digital and the technological
advancement is managed.
Advantages
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 It enhances and manage the boosting of all the effective nature and the commercial
areas and competition with which there is given so man y options for effectively
managing the variety of variables and the IT features.
 This generally manage the new generation with which the relevant job opportunities
are being underlined and all the facilities in the remoteness will be undertaken in
internet. It regulates all the new functions and the regulations with which the remote
areas and the working with the internet. This generally help in maintaining the
worldwide nature and their generality.
 This is the main area where the adequate use of the digital technologies which
accumulate all the information and the knowledge that is abruptly being used for
incorporating all the details and the points in fingers. Some of the main information
which will be taken and can be easily managed through the digitalization. It regulates
and helps in managing the management to transfer and make the information to be
given in all areas and the nature. This majorly alters with all the general communicating with the main areas of the
applications with which enables different format.
Disadvantages
 There are certain chances in which the information can be misused and this can
effect and make the person to be effected by all such incontinence. This can also
in case of any issue will lead to give the false information and make the person to
be effected by it.
 There is been seen that certain war crimes and the cybercrimes can also be seen
and all such digitalization will lead to the terrorism attach and can eventually
concludes to misuse of the information. The digital platform will also lead to
distribution of false information and also make the terrorist to transfer the
criminalize, digital features and function other major threats.
 It can affect by creating a bad image of all the inert personal skill and their will
also be drawn all the strong areas in the community with which they eventually
manage the digital communication and safety compliance. This regulates all such
nature and the effective protocols pf the last and the formulated working
functions.
All such digital communication making the technology and their effective task a bit difficult.
As this with the mean time try to make some new areas and the ways in which they optimize
and make the new advancement and features.
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Task 5: Risks associated with information systems
outsourcing and why is IT infrastructure so critical to
digital transformation!
Risks associated with information systems outsourcing
Digital information plays key role in the new era of technology and innovation where
information is to be collected, processed, created, and prepared for the users to manage and
make them available to use it easily. Outsourcing provide significant benefits to maintain the
communication between the company and its customers but there are many risk also involves
with it. Those risk includes dissatisfaction among customers, time consuming, complexity,
inefficient, loss of technical knowledge and many more. Many companies used outsourcing
to meet the ever changing environment within organization. There are multiple reasons that
makes the outsourcing of information very complex, expensive and inefficient.
Why is IT infrastructure so critical to digital transformation!
There are many risk involves in information system outsourcing which includes:
 Staff Qualification: Information outsourcing requires expertise knowledge and IT
professionals to understand the technical terminology of the outsourcing and this is
the main reason which may risk the organization. There are so many companies which
has lost their business strategy and customer needs because of lack of knowledge in
their staff. Lack of experience may cause threat to their business as well.
 Lack of compliance: This is another potential risk involves in information system
outsourcing. Business requires to bound with the legal compliance's that protect the
rights of their employees and customer but if any of the condition are not fully
satisfied the term of the contract then, there will be loss of technological breakout of
expression and views of the parties to the contract that are the part of digital
information.
 Inability to adapt to the new technologies: Technology is an essential factor for
digital transformation and provider are bit friendly with the technologies then it is
impossible to access the information system outsourcing. Technology is required to
make effective use of shared information but if provider is unclear with the use of
technologies, then it may exploit the service they are providing.
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 Unclear Cost Benefit Relationship: Outsourcing aims to ease the task of business and
give values to the better service. But sometimes, they are failed to maintain the
relation between the customer and company, has a reason to face the difficulties in
generating cost and benefits.
 Security; Outsourcing may risk the security and privacy of the competitor. It is a
responsibility of company to keep its information confidential but due to rapid change
in technologies, enable them to invest in the digital information(Won, 2019).
So, unplanned decision and misuse of digital transformation may affect the suppliers,
customers and reduce knowledge. It is very important for the organization to concentrate on
the transfer of services to third parties. Effective information outsourcing recognizes the
valuable chain system to maintain the relation and increase cost.
IT structure helps in reshaping the global business by adopting new technology and
upgraded innovation. The success of company depends upon its IT infrastructure which is
contingent and complex to determine. In order to ensure efficient transformation of IT
infrastructure and digital information, it needs to drive customer expectation and brand value.
Digital information not only re [resents the opportunity but also promote initiatives and
transformation programs. There are biggest transformation challenges that may affects the
function of an organization are as follows: Lack of management strategy: It is an important to formalize the plans and frame
plans for smooth functioning of management. Frequently, change in management
strategy create difficulty in adapting new techniques and idea to maximize the
outcomes. Culture mindset: It is necessary for the organization to aware the people about the
new techniques and innovation so that it becomes easy for all to accept new market
bad customer preferences.
 Complexity: It infrastructure requires huge cost in planning and accepting new
technology and includes lot of effort which may leads to weak performance and high
turnover of employees.
Conclusion
From this above report, it has been concluded that information system is necessary for
core functioning of an organization. IT outsourcing helps in providing services effectively
and strategies the company's vision of adopting new technologies and expertise knowledge.
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Software development makes ease of doing business and bring flexibility in working of the
core areas of business(Zürn, 2019). It helps in providing benefits to the internal and external
user and reduce the cost of getting this expertise knowledge by other means.
References
Centobelli, P., Cerchione, R. and Esposito, E., 2018. Aligning enterprise knowledge and
knowledge management systems to improve efficiency and effectiveness
performance: A three-dimensional Fuzzy-based decision support system. Expert
Systems with Applications, 91, pp.107-126.
Gulliver, R., Fahmi, M. and Abramson, D., 2021. Technical considerations when
implementing digital infrastructure for social policy. Australian Journal of Social
Issues, 56(2), pp.269-287.
Hwang, B.G., Shan, M. and Looi, K.Y., 2018. Knowledge-based decision support system for
prefabricated prefinished volumetric construction. Automation in Construction, 94,
pp.168-178.
Perannagari, K.T. and Gupta, V., 2022. Recent Trends in Digital Infrastructure in India.
In Infrastructure Planning and Management in India (pp. 187-201). Springer,
Singapore.
Raghavan, V., Jain, S. and Varma, P., 2019. India stack---digital infrastructure as public
good. Communications of the ACM, 62(11), pp.76-81.
Souza-Pereira, L., Ouhbi, S. and Pombo, N., 2021. Quality-in-use characteristics for clinical
decision support system assessment. Computer Methods and Programs in
Biomedicine, 207, p.106169.
Van der Ploeg, J.D., 2018. The new peasantries: Rural development in times of globalization.
Routledge.
Won, M., 2019. Development of a traffic incident management support system (Doctoral
dissertation).
Zürn, M., 2019. The challenge of globalization and individualization: a view from Europe.
In Whose World Order? (pp. 137-163). Routledge.
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