Importance of Innovative Alternatives to Parcel Carrier Services in Supply Chain and Logistics Organisations
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This research proposal explores the importance of innovative alternatives to parcel carrier services in supply chain and logistics organisations. It includes a literature review on the need for innovative delivery, impact on marketing effectiveness, and recommendations for initiating innovative delivery alternatives. The methodology includes a qualitative research approach, literature review strategy, and various research tools. The proposal also includes a Gantt chart for the timeline towards completion of the project.
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Proposal
1
1
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Table of Contents
Introduction..............................................................................................................................3
State the aim...........................................................................................................................3
State Objectives of the research.............................................................................................4
Outline the research questions...............................................................................................4
Chapter 2 Methodology...........................................................................................................4
Chapter 3..................................................................................................................................5
Literature review......................................................................................................................5
To understand need of innovative delivery in supply chain and logistics organisations.......5
To evaluate impact upon marketing effectiveness due to innovative delivery......................6
To recommend ways for initiating innovative delivery alternative within logistics and
supply chain organisations.....................................................................................................7
Show timeline towards completion of the project- Gantt chart or table showing timelines. .8
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................8
References.................................................................................................................................9
2
Introduction..............................................................................................................................3
State the aim...........................................................................................................................3
State Objectives of the research.............................................................................................4
Outline the research questions...............................................................................................4
Chapter 2 Methodology...........................................................................................................4
Chapter 3..................................................................................................................................5
Literature review......................................................................................................................5
To understand need of innovative delivery in supply chain and logistics organisations.......5
To evaluate impact upon marketing effectiveness due to innovative delivery......................6
To recommend ways for initiating innovative delivery alternative within logistics and
supply chain organisations.....................................................................................................7
Show timeline towards completion of the project- Gantt chart or table showing timelines. .8
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................8
References.................................................................................................................................9
2
The research topic chosen in this research is importance of
innovative alternatives to parcel carrier services in supply chain
and logistics organisations. A case study of Terra Logistics.
Introduction
Supply chain performance can be greatly influenced by innovation. In recent decades, the
overall productivity of logistics providers has been based on the widespread use of
computers, with software with embedded algorithms laying the groundwork for optimising
and automating the delivery company process. Future tech innovations such as the Iot., big
data analytics, Data center space but rather services, and so-called IT self-learning 12 systems
are being actively used by the courier industry. The utilisation of delivery services is affected
to some extent by the adoption of these technologies. They are at the heart of digitising the
logistics operational processes and ushering in a whole new level of customer-provider
interaction. Here are five features of the supply network that can be improved to meet the
needs of consumers while also saving money: Manufacturing Design: Create the product that
it is simple to manufacture, lowering costs of production. Design for Assembly: Reduce the
amount of components in the product to make assembly easier. This frequently leads to the
creation of easier-to-assemble subsystems. Design for Product Service life: Make the product
as simple to assemble, disassemble, and reuse as possible. When compared to products
assembled with larger components, which make individual parts more difficult to obtain,
these products are often easier to repair.
Design for Six Sigma: Create a product that eliminates errors, increases uniformity, and
lowers costs. For example, an appliance manufacturer may choose to use a single type of
light cord throughout its goods rather than a dozen different types.
Introduction to the company
Terra Worldwide Logistics provides unique, customised logistics ways to benefit the
company's bottom line. Terra Worldwide Logistics' managers have created an exciting, best-
of-breed company based on previous successes. Terra Worldwide is approaching the 3PL and
4PL enterprises with an unique outlook. It's a strategy that's custom - made for today’s
political excitable market's uncertain times. Terra Worldwide's team has a great deal of
experience in the economy. And our experience shows that firms that form long-term
partnerships are more likely to weather today's storms and thrive in the future. As a result,
thiscompany developed a unique company strategy centred on the customer. The strategic
3
innovative alternatives to parcel carrier services in supply chain
and logistics organisations. A case study of Terra Logistics.
Introduction
Supply chain performance can be greatly influenced by innovation. In recent decades, the
overall productivity of logistics providers has been based on the widespread use of
computers, with software with embedded algorithms laying the groundwork for optimising
and automating the delivery company process. Future tech innovations such as the Iot., big
data analytics, Data center space but rather services, and so-called IT self-learning 12 systems
are being actively used by the courier industry. The utilisation of delivery services is affected
to some extent by the adoption of these technologies. They are at the heart of digitising the
logistics operational processes and ushering in a whole new level of customer-provider
interaction. Here are five features of the supply network that can be improved to meet the
needs of consumers while also saving money: Manufacturing Design: Create the product that
it is simple to manufacture, lowering costs of production. Design for Assembly: Reduce the
amount of components in the product to make assembly easier. This frequently leads to the
creation of easier-to-assemble subsystems. Design for Product Service life: Make the product
as simple to assemble, disassemble, and reuse as possible. When compared to products
assembled with larger components, which make individual parts more difficult to obtain,
these products are often easier to repair.
Design for Six Sigma: Create a product that eliminates errors, increases uniformity, and
lowers costs. For example, an appliance manufacturer may choose to use a single type of
light cord throughout its goods rather than a dozen different types.
Introduction to the company
Terra Worldwide Logistics provides unique, customised logistics ways to benefit the
company's bottom line. Terra Worldwide Logistics' managers have created an exciting, best-
of-breed company based on previous successes. Terra Worldwide is approaching the 3PL and
4PL enterprises with an unique outlook. It's a strategy that's custom - made for today’s
political excitable market's uncertain times. Terra Worldwide's team has a great deal of
experience in the economy. And our experience shows that firms that form long-term
partnerships are more likely to weather today's storms and thrive in the future. As a result,
thiscompany developed a unique company strategy centred on the customer. The strategic
3
customer service is unwavering. Import and export by air, seafloor re - export, and ground
transportation have all been options.
Background of the research
Customers - including private individuals - can now book and use courier services more
easily. Senders and recipients can also track the progress of their packages in real time thanks
to web communications technology. The rising cost of transportation is one cloud on the
horizon that is likely to continue to influence the courier industry. Fuel prices continue to rise
well ahead of inflation each year, and 'pay as you drive' road pricing appears to be becoming
more and more likely on major highways in the future. According to government statistics,
the number of companies engaged in courier services has increased in recent years. This
indicates that there is a strong demand for courier services, but it also means that you will be
up against stiff competition.
State the aim
The aim of this study is to analyse the importance of innovative alternatives to parcel carrier
services in supply chain and logistics organisations
State Objectives of the research
• To understand need of innovative delivery in supply chain and logistics
organisations
• To evaluate impact upon marketing effectiveness due to innovative delivery
• To recommend ways for initiating innovative delivery alternative within logistics
and supply chain organisations.
Outline the research questions
• Explain need of innovative delivery in supply chain and logistics organisations
• What is the impact upon marketing effectiveness due to innovative delivery in
supply chain organisations?
• Recommend ways for initiating innovative delivery alternative within logistics
and supply chain organisations.
Chapter 2 Methodology
Methodology of Investigation
4
transportation have all been options.
Background of the research
Customers - including private individuals - can now book and use courier services more
easily. Senders and recipients can also track the progress of their packages in real time thanks
to web communications technology. The rising cost of transportation is one cloud on the
horizon that is likely to continue to influence the courier industry. Fuel prices continue to rise
well ahead of inflation each year, and 'pay as you drive' road pricing appears to be becoming
more and more likely on major highways in the future. According to government statistics,
the number of companies engaged in courier services has increased in recent years. This
indicates that there is a strong demand for courier services, but it also means that you will be
up against stiff competition.
State the aim
The aim of this study is to analyse the importance of innovative alternatives to parcel carrier
services in supply chain and logistics organisations
State Objectives of the research
• To understand need of innovative delivery in supply chain and logistics
organisations
• To evaluate impact upon marketing effectiveness due to innovative delivery
• To recommend ways for initiating innovative delivery alternative within logistics
and supply chain organisations.
Outline the research questions
• Explain need of innovative delivery in supply chain and logistics organisations
• What is the impact upon marketing effectiveness due to innovative delivery in
supply chain organisations?
• Recommend ways for initiating innovative delivery alternative within logistics
and supply chain organisations.
Chapter 2 Methodology
Methodology of Investigation
4
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The process of collecting data in an efficient manner is referred to as the qualitative research.
Inductive and deductive approaches are the two basic types of this method. Inductive
approach (Rodrguez-Sánchez, Mora-Valentn, and Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado, 2019) is a sort of
approach that aids investigators in the development of the theory. The deductive approach
involves evaluating numerical and quantitative data. The deductive approach could be used in
this research note to aid in the investigation of statistical method.
Research Strategy: There have been various types of research strategies that can be employed
in order to obtain sufficient data. Grounded theory, case study, and active experimentation are
examples of research strategies. All of these factors contribute to having a sufficient
information base. In the current research procedure, a literature review strategy will be used,
in which different article and journals will be articulated for the compilation and analysis
info, and a methodology will be used for independent sources, which is predicated on the
acquisition of secondary sources in the study.
Tools & Methodology
There are a variety of research tools that can be used to gather the necessary data for the
current research project. Surveys, questionnaires, interviews, and case studies are some of the
methods that can help with gathering enough data.
Approach to Sampling
Sampling is the process of selecting a specific sample from a larger group of people.
Analyzing or selecting a whole population segment may not be a simple process. As a result,
the investigator must choose respondents accordance with the needs in order to meet the
predetermined goals and objectives. Probability sampling and non-probability sampling are
the two types of sampling techniques.
A literature review is a comprehensive examination of literature journals on a particular
subject. It gives you a broad overview of current knowledge and allows you to spot
theoretical concepts, methods, and research gaps. Searching relevant publications (such as
academic publications), critically analysing them, and attempting to explain your findings are
all part of the process of writing the literature review. The following are the five essential
steps:
Conduct a literature, Sources should be examined. Determine the themes, debates, and
discrepancies in your knowledge. Create a blueprint for your structure. Prepare a review of
literature.
Considerations in Ethics
5
Inductive and deductive approaches are the two basic types of this method. Inductive
approach (Rodrguez-Sánchez, Mora-Valentn, and Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado, 2019) is a sort of
approach that aids investigators in the development of the theory. The deductive approach
involves evaluating numerical and quantitative data. The deductive approach could be used in
this research note to aid in the investigation of statistical method.
Research Strategy: There have been various types of research strategies that can be employed
in order to obtain sufficient data. Grounded theory, case study, and active experimentation are
examples of research strategies. All of these factors contribute to having a sufficient
information base. In the current research procedure, a literature review strategy will be used,
in which different article and journals will be articulated for the compilation and analysis
info, and a methodology will be used for independent sources, which is predicated on the
acquisition of secondary sources in the study.
Tools & Methodology
There are a variety of research tools that can be used to gather the necessary data for the
current research project. Surveys, questionnaires, interviews, and case studies are some of the
methods that can help with gathering enough data.
Approach to Sampling
Sampling is the process of selecting a specific sample from a larger group of people.
Analyzing or selecting a whole population segment may not be a simple process. As a result,
the investigator must choose respondents accordance with the needs in order to meet the
predetermined goals and objectives. Probability sampling and non-probability sampling are
the two types of sampling techniques.
A literature review is a comprehensive examination of literature journals on a particular
subject. It gives you a broad overview of current knowledge and allows you to spot
theoretical concepts, methods, and research gaps. Searching relevant publications (such as
academic publications), critically analysing them, and attempting to explain your findings are
all part of the process of writing the literature review. The following are the five essential
steps:
Conduct a literature, Sources should be examined. Determine the themes, debates, and
discrepancies in your knowledge. Create a blueprint for your structure. Prepare a review of
literature.
Considerations in Ethics
5
The moral obligations are a principles that not only guide research practises and designs. The
aim is to develop a detailed overview of the new condition that is probing organisational
behaviour and related aspects. In today's world, ethical values is connected with human
rights, dignity, and integrity, all of which must be taken into account in order to ensure the
research work's validity (Flamini, Gnan and Pellegrini, 2020). In this study, an ethical
clearance form will be used, and proper consent will be obtained of each contributor,
ensuring that over moral standards are followed and that the contestants' privacy is not
violated.
Chapter 3
Literature review
To understand need of innovative delivery in supply chain and logistics organisations
Supply chain is a multifaceted and complex process which encompasses
everything from warehouse fulfilment to the logistics. There are lot of
companies which are continuing to work towards supply chain
optimization and innovation is the major trend for such industry. There are
several new technologies emerging which hold the promise for managing
this streamlining fulfilment process to provide a speeding logistics. The
traditional supply chain has been rapidly transforming into an advanced
as well as more functional process that is driven by digital technology,
artificial intelligence and many more. There are some key areas of activity
on the basis of which innovation in logistics has taken place including
adapting form a collaborating, integrating, innovation teamwork and
measuring results. The adapting concept includes putting in place various
necessary technology, people as well as global operating models so that
company can operate at global level and complete the demand’s properly.
Collaborating includes the contribution with trading partners. This supply
chain companies are looking beyond boundaries and collaborating with
trading partners so for collapsing time between sales and replenishment.
This includes supply chain orientation that helps in speak managing the
operations properly. In context of integrating, there is breaking down an
integration of functions in order to develop creative solutions. There is
6
aim is to develop a detailed overview of the new condition that is probing organisational
behaviour and related aspects. In today's world, ethical values is connected with human
rights, dignity, and integrity, all of which must be taken into account in order to ensure the
research work's validity (Flamini, Gnan and Pellegrini, 2020). In this study, an ethical
clearance form will be used, and proper consent will be obtained of each contributor,
ensuring that over moral standards are followed and that the contestants' privacy is not
violated.
Chapter 3
Literature review
To understand need of innovative delivery in supply chain and logistics organisations
Supply chain is a multifaceted and complex process which encompasses
everything from warehouse fulfilment to the logistics. There are lot of
companies which are continuing to work towards supply chain
optimization and innovation is the major trend for such industry. There are
several new technologies emerging which hold the promise for managing
this streamlining fulfilment process to provide a speeding logistics. The
traditional supply chain has been rapidly transforming into an advanced
as well as more functional process that is driven by digital technology,
artificial intelligence and many more. There are some key areas of activity
on the basis of which innovation in logistics has taken place including
adapting form a collaborating, integrating, innovation teamwork and
measuring results. The adapting concept includes putting in place various
necessary technology, people as well as global operating models so that
company can operate at global level and complete the demand’s properly.
Collaborating includes the contribution with trading partners. This supply
chain companies are looking beyond boundaries and collaborating with
trading partners so for collapsing time between sales and replenishment.
This includes supply chain orientation that helps in speak managing the
operations properly. In context of integrating, there is breaking down an
integration of functions in order to develop creative solutions. There is
6
need of transformation by using innovation in order to have strong desire
in context of internal as well as external collaboration. This type of
transformation is cut across various departments as well as areas of focus
within an organisation and it is linked with the extended enterprises like
customers, suppliers and channels. Innovation is all about technology and
it is the integral part of entire business operation. There is need of process
innovation as well as execution innovation in context of supply chain
management. There are several organisations that are driven buy latest
technology. It has come to a long way in the streamlining the automated
process as it minimises errors and also saves time. It is provided guidance
to the innovators on how they can take ideas forward and manage the
innovation in supply and logistics.
To evaluate impact upon marketing effectiveness due to innovative delivery
For meeting customer needs and requirements, organisations have found
out new sources of competitiveness and they have engaged in unceasing
innovation. Such type of innovation can be radical or incremental. The
radical innovation needs to implement completely a new knowledge that
renders obsolete the existing knowledge. Such kind of innovation is
difficult to imitate by competitors in supply and logistics company. This
helps in attracting more number of customers and it improves
organisational performance. Product and service innovation such as
developing high tech products or value added services are the basic
means by which companies are able to cope up with the competitors as
well as international pressure from stop this suggests that for achieving
productive love meant in any uncertain environment, coordination and
communication between different members of supply chain has to be
intensive. Relationships that organisations develop with their suppliers
and customers must be considered as a major competitiveness tool. This
is contributing towards improvised organisational performance. An
innovative supply chain focuses upon rent list improvement within supply
chain cost structure through simplification and standardisation. It helps to
improve customer satisfaction and minimises material cost. By the use of
innovative supply chain, a company is able to collaborate with different
7
in context of internal as well as external collaboration. This type of
transformation is cut across various departments as well as areas of focus
within an organisation and it is linked with the extended enterprises like
customers, suppliers and channels. Innovation is all about technology and
it is the integral part of entire business operation. There is need of process
innovation as well as execution innovation in context of supply chain
management. There are several organisations that are driven buy latest
technology. It has come to a long way in the streamlining the automated
process as it minimises errors and also saves time. It is provided guidance
to the innovators on how they can take ideas forward and manage the
innovation in supply and logistics.
To evaluate impact upon marketing effectiveness due to innovative delivery
For meeting customer needs and requirements, organisations have found
out new sources of competitiveness and they have engaged in unceasing
innovation. Such type of innovation can be radical or incremental. The
radical innovation needs to implement completely a new knowledge that
renders obsolete the existing knowledge. Such kind of innovation is
difficult to imitate by competitors in supply and logistics company. This
helps in attracting more number of customers and it improves
organisational performance. Product and service innovation such as
developing high tech products or value added services are the basic
means by which companies are able to cope up with the competitors as
well as international pressure from stop this suggests that for achieving
productive love meant in any uncertain environment, coordination and
communication between different members of supply chain has to be
intensive. Relationships that organisations develop with their suppliers
and customers must be considered as a major competitiveness tool. This
is contributing towards improvised organisational performance. An
innovative supply chain focuses upon rent list improvement within supply
chain cost structure through simplification and standardisation. It helps to
improve customer satisfaction and minimises material cost. By the use of
innovative supply chain, a company is able to collaborate with different
7
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business partners by integration of processes and data. It helps to
improvise information sharing and it also contributes in reducing
communication cost which leads to improved decision making. It helps
companies to create alignment around various business goals which are
able to invent new methodologies, processes and tools in order to
improvise efficiency as well as performance of company.
To recommend ways for initiating innovative delivery alternative within logistics and supply
chain organisations
Unlike traditional supply chain and logistics management, innovation in
supply chain management will improvise the company’s performance as
well as market reputation in a positive manner. It is recommended for
supply and logistics company that they should innovate their operations
and manage functioning properly. Last mile delivery: there are several
innovative programmes which aim for solving last mile delivery challenge.
In this an electric bike programme is launched that helps in expediting
deliveries in areas with limited parking. This programme has added bonus
of minimising harmful emissions caused by transport during the delivery
process.
Self-service logistics: by using do it yourself or self-service logistics
programme, companies are able to launch and run their own logistics
companies for delivering packages. This includes employing a fleet of
vehicles and drivers to manage the delivery process. Such programmes
are not able to resolve truck driver shortage problem but they are able to
offer an alternative for companies which are facing challenges with
traditional logistics services. On demand warehousing: this includes the
part shared with the economy and is another supply chain innovation
which is helping to solve a common problem off operating cost.
Collaborative mobile robots are known as future of supply chain
automation. They provide greater flexibility as well as scalability when
compared to traditional warehouse automation. Innovative supply chain
solutions help to increase order picking efficiency and improvise accuracy
8
improvise information sharing and it also contributes in reducing
communication cost which leads to improved decision making. It helps
companies to create alignment around various business goals which are
able to invent new methodologies, processes and tools in order to
improvise efficiency as well as performance of company.
To recommend ways for initiating innovative delivery alternative within logistics and supply
chain organisations
Unlike traditional supply chain and logistics management, innovation in
supply chain management will improvise the company’s performance as
well as market reputation in a positive manner. It is recommended for
supply and logistics company that they should innovate their operations
and manage functioning properly. Last mile delivery: there are several
innovative programmes which aim for solving last mile delivery challenge.
In this an electric bike programme is launched that helps in expediting
deliveries in areas with limited parking. This programme has added bonus
of minimising harmful emissions caused by transport during the delivery
process.
Self-service logistics: by using do it yourself or self-service logistics
programme, companies are able to launch and run their own logistics
companies for delivering packages. This includes employing a fleet of
vehicles and drivers to manage the delivery process. Such programmes
are not able to resolve truck driver shortage problem but they are able to
offer an alternative for companies which are facing challenges with
traditional logistics services. On demand warehousing: this includes the
part shared with the economy and is another supply chain innovation
which is helping to solve a common problem off operating cost.
Collaborative mobile robots are known as future of supply chain
automation. They provide greater flexibility as well as scalability when
compared to traditional warehouse automation. Innovative supply chain
solutions help to increase order picking efficiency and improvise accuracy
8
by guiding associates true assigned tasks. When there is optimised
picking routes in real time, it is easy to collaborate mobile robots and
minimise unnecessary walking. It is also helpful in improvising warehouse
productivity. The Internet of Things is a widely used technology in courier
services. It's crucial for achieving an integrated process for connecting
data, people, processes, techniques, and other physical objects in order to
create an intelligent environment with a unified digital and physical
environment. This is a breakthrough that allows data to be exchanged
between objects and subjects that have previously been unable to be
digitally bound. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology that allows
you to track the location and status of shipments, people, and assets,
automate and coordinate the process at each step, and improve quality
and predictability. This has an impact on the efficiency with which users
are communicated with, as well as the storage, transportation, and
management of the process. It is carried out by a variety of sensors,
transducers, pulse emitters, and other devices.
Gantt Chart
Show timeline towards completion of the project- Gantt chart or table showing timelines
Task Ma
y
Jun
e
Jul
y
Au
g
Se
pt
Oc
t
Novem
ber
Decem
ber
Janua
ry
Module
syllabu
s
Literat
ure
review
Feedba
ck
Ethics
approv
al
Resear
9
picking routes in real time, it is easy to collaborate mobile robots and
minimise unnecessary walking. It is also helpful in improvising warehouse
productivity. The Internet of Things is a widely used technology in courier
services. It's crucial for achieving an integrated process for connecting
data, people, processes, techniques, and other physical objects in order to
create an intelligent environment with a unified digital and physical
environment. This is a breakthrough that allows data to be exchanged
between objects and subjects that have previously been unable to be
digitally bound. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology that allows
you to track the location and status of shipments, people, and assets,
automate and coordinate the process at each step, and improve quality
and predictability. This has an impact on the efficiency with which users
are communicated with, as well as the storage, transportation, and
management of the process. It is carried out by a variety of sensors,
transducers, pulse emitters, and other devices.
Gantt Chart
Show timeline towards completion of the project- Gantt chart or table showing timelines
Task Ma
y
Jun
e
Jul
y
Au
g
Se
pt
Oc
t
Novem
ber
Decem
ber
Janua
ry
Module
syllabu
s
Literat
ure
review
Feedba
ck
Ethics
approv
al
Resear
9
ch data
collecti
on
Analysi
s
Proof
read
Submit
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it is concluded that Crowd-sourced parcels have become mainly
owing to emerging technology and increasing smart phones. This new business structure has
made last-mile deliveries faster and less expensive, especially in cities. Uber is an excellent
example of a company that successfully focuses on customer with fast and easy next public
transportation for nourishment, shipping, and packages. Locals or travellers are hired by
courier companies and logistic-based startups to deliver parcels using their own vehicles. For
these businesses, this is not only cost-effective, but also very efficient. Furthermore, it
provides more job opportunities for those seeking full-time, element, or freelance
employment. Companies like Walmart, Amazon, and DHL have already begun to explore the
possibilities of crowdsourcing. The most important positions Another new technology that
allows access to courier services at all hours of the day is automatic machines. Customers can
easily leave or receive shipments at a time and day that is convenient for them. This lowers
human resource costs, optimises transportation costs, and improves customers' access to
service during non-working hours. The costs of not being able to locate a customer at his
address are reduced to zero. In contrast, when a customer is visited multiple times at the same
address, the costs of reprogramming and failed delivery are doubled.
10
collecti
on
Analysi
s
Proof
read
Submit
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it is concluded that Crowd-sourced parcels have become mainly
owing to emerging technology and increasing smart phones. This new business structure has
made last-mile deliveries faster and less expensive, especially in cities. Uber is an excellent
example of a company that successfully focuses on customer with fast and easy next public
transportation for nourishment, shipping, and packages. Locals or travellers are hired by
courier companies and logistic-based startups to deliver parcels using their own vehicles. For
these businesses, this is not only cost-effective, but also very efficient. Furthermore, it
provides more job opportunities for those seeking full-time, element, or freelance
employment. Companies like Walmart, Amazon, and DHL have already begun to explore the
possibilities of crowdsourcing. The most important positions Another new technology that
allows access to courier services at all hours of the day is automatic machines. Customers can
easily leave or receive shipments at a time and day that is convenient for them. This lowers
human resource costs, optimises transportation costs, and improves customers' access to
service during non-working hours. The costs of not being able to locate a customer at his
address are reduced to zero. In contrast, when a customer is visited multiple times at the same
address, the costs of reprogramming and failed delivery are doubled.
10
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References
Books and Journals
Das, S., 2019. The early bird catches the worm-first mover advantage through IoT adoption
for indian public sector retail oil outlets. Journal of Global Information Technology
Management, 22(4), pp.280-308.
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Kumar, A., Singh, R.K. and Modgil, S., 2020. Influence of data-driven supply chain quality
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11
Books and Journals
Das, S., 2019. The early bird catches the worm-first mover advantage through IoT adoption
for indian public sector retail oil outlets. Journal of Global Information Technology
Management, 22(4), pp.280-308.
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