Innovative Logistics and Supply Chain Methods for LNG Project Success in Mozambique

This research dissertation focuses on innovative logistics and supply chain methods for liquefied natural gas (LNG) project success in Mozambique. The study aims to quantify and reduce uncertainty in upstream supply chain management during LNG plant construction to reduce costs and gain a competitive advantage. The research explores the concept of upstream supply chain management, significant methods of logistics and supply chain for LNG project success, ways to reduce costs during LNG plan construction, challenges and opportunities of constructing LNG plants in Mozambique, and the impact of appropriate supply chain methods on reducing costs when delivering the final product. The research design includes qualitative research approaches, such as interviews, and thematic analysis for data collection and analysis.

Research Dissertation
(INNOVATIVE LOGISTICS AND
SUPPLY CHAIN METHODS FOR
LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS PROJECT
SUCCESS IN MOZAMBIQUE)

Abstract
The present investigation clearly quantify and reduce the uncertainty in upstream supply
chain management methods during LNG plant construction to reduce the cost to have a
competitive advantage when delivering the final product. Therefore, in this the analysis has been
based over Mozambique, thus the study is imperative in the context of rendering effective idea
and knowledge in relation to the area of managing supply chain for effective construction of
LNG plant. Aim and objectives are developed to provide suitable assistance to the investigation
to drawn valid and reliable outcome. Literature review is the second and important section of the
investigation which is effective in developing detailed theoretical framework to establishing
better understanding in relation to a specific area via determining the views of authors and
writers who are having significant base in relation to the specific area. In addition to this,
research methodology has been developed to guide the entire research in suitable manner,
therefore, in this entire exploration is based on qualitative methods as in this evaluation is based
on theoretical framework. However, secondary tools are applied to gather valid information and
data analysis and interpretation is encompasses over primary study as in this interview is being
executed to provide support to qualitative information respectively. At the end conclusion and
discussion are being conducted over analysing the information in data collection and discussion
has been developed over the; literature to provide suitable understanding about the subject area.
After that limitation of the investigation has been discussed to make suitable changes that are
required for the business as well.

Table of Contents
Abstract............................................................................................................................................2
Research Title:.................................................................................................................................1
Section 1: Rationale for research in this area...................................................................................1
Section 2: Specific Objectives.........................................................................................................2
Section 3: Research Design.............................................................................................................4
Section 4: Presentation of research findings....................................................................................7
Section 5: Discussion and Conclusion...........................................................................................13
Conclusion................................................................................................................................15
Section 6: Research Limitations/weaknesses.................................................................................17
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................18

Research Title:
Innovative logistics and supply chain methods for liquefied natural gas project success in
Mozambique.
Section 1: Rationale for research in this area
The existing project is one of the series providing an overview of quantify and reduce the
uncertainty in upstream supply chain management methods during LNG plant construction to
reduce the cost to have a competitive advantage when delivering the final product. Therefore, it
is a wide investigation area which helps in providing detailed evaluation over the specific area
and provide wider skills and knowledge base (Scott, Lundgren and Thompson, 2011). However,
the study has imperative value as supply chain management is termed to be the major challenge
which influences the effective construction of LNG plant, therefore, an effective supply chain is
required to reduce the cost and delivering the facilities to the customers within best prices. The
another key reason for executing this analysis is the personal interest of researcher, thus this
study is efficacious for an individual and others who are the part of investigation in the manner
of exploring personal as well as professional skills which would be imperatively works in
gaining growth in maintaining their future projects (Grant, Wong and Trautrims, 2017). The
brief idea about the concept of upstream supply chain will be effective for the individual to
effectively execute the operations within LNG construction plant. This study contain in-depth
recognition about supply chain management and the key methods of logistics and supply chain
for liquefied natural gas project success. In addition to this, the study has also proficient value for
the LNG plans to implement suitable methods of supply chain to reducing the cost of delivering
the final products to the customers. Therefore, this study has creating value for the individual and
the businesses which are concerning over LNG plant and gaining growth via reducing cost of
overall project success (Mokhatab and et. al., 2013). Therefore, in this present analysis study is
based on Mozambique, thus it is a southern African nation whose considered as long Indian
Ocean coastline is dotted with popular beaches like Tofo, as well as offshore marine parks,
Therefore, the growth of LNG plant construction is high as the supply of product is easy and
reliable and the reduction of the cost encompasses over managing suitable methods of supply
chain management, as it is effective in reducing the cost of delivering the final products.
Research Aim
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To quantify and reduce the uncertainty in upstream supply chain management methods
during LNG plant construction to reduce the cost to have a competitive advantage when
delivering the final product. A study on Mozambique.
Section 2: Specific Objectives
The present study initiates to quantify and reduce the uncertainty in upstream supply
chain management methods during LNG plant construction to reduce the cost to have a
competitive edge when delivering the final products. Therefore, supply chain management is an
important area to be considered in each business for the purpose of attaini9ng growth and
providing value to the customers (Bradbury And et. al., 2013). However, in the context of LNG
plant, supply chain plays an effective role in managing the suitable deliver of the services to the
final users. In addition to this, an appropriate management of supply chain also helps in reducing
the cost of delivering the final products, thus, suitable methods of supply chain methods are
required to be implemented by the LNG construction to reducing cost and attaining growth
(Jacoby, 2012). Although, the study contains suitable methods of supply chain management for
LNG project success, in addition to this the ways to reduce cost during construction of LNG has
also been discussed in detailed manner and the opportunities and uncertainties of constructing
LNG plan in Mozambique has developed the knowledge regarding the specific area (Haapala
And et. al., 2013).
Research Objectives
Research Objectives are defined to be the most imperative area of an investigation as it
helps in providing suitable guidance to the investigator to assist the entire work in right manner
to drawn valid and reliable outcome (Vivoda, 2014). Objectives are effective in providing clear
vision in relation to the chosen subject area as these are encompasses over the aim of the project
and lead the investigation in the direction to drawing valid and reliable outcome. The suitable
objectives of this specific investigation are associated as below:
 To develop understanding regarding upstream supply chain management.
 To articulate the significant methods of logistics and supply chain for liquefied natural
gas project success.
 To determine the ways to reduce cost during construction of LNG plan.
 To ascertain challenges and opportunities of constructing LNG plant in Mozambique.
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 To articulate the impact of appropriate supply chain methods during LNG plant building
over reducing the cost when delivering the final product.
Research Questions
The effective questions are encompasses over aim and objectives of the research which
plays an imperative role in developing the theoretical framework in the manner of literature to
providing in-sight about the exploration subject (Du and Paltsev, 2014). Therefore, in the context
of this present investigation the suitable questions are defined as below:
 What is the concept of upstream supply chain management?
 What are the significant methods of logistics and supply chain for liquefied natural gas
project success?
 What are the effective ways to reduce cost during construction of LNG plan?
 What are the major challenges and opportunities of constructing LNG plant in
Mozambique?
 What is the impact of appropriate supply chain methods during LNG plant building over
reducing the cost when delivering the final product.
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Section 3: Research Design
This is an important section of research methodology that is using by researcher for
collecting as well as analysing information or data regarding the particular area of study. Main
purpose of this section is to help investigator in gathering and evaluating of data about the topic.
Pilot study refers to the small-scale test of the procedures and methods to be followed in a large
scale. Main purpose of doing a pilot study is to analyse the feasibility and reliability of an
approach or method that is intended to ultimately be applied in a large scale research. In order to
achieve research objectives, pilot study is more useful because it helps researcher by providing
validity and reliability of data and also feasibility of research approach (Rogers and Stern, 2014).
There are different methods, tools, approaches etc. will be used by researcher for conducting this
investigation systematically. These approaches or methods will be explained as below:
Research approach: This is an effective process of gathering as well as analysing
qualitative or quantitative information through deductive and inductive approach. In order to
collect information, there are two approaches which are qualitative and quantitative. Within a
current research project, qualitative approaches of data collection will be following by
researcher. Therefore, qualitative research is effective in providing detailed analysis, thus
qualitative investigation is determined as a type of social science research which gathers
information on the basis of non-numerical aspects and that seeks to interpret connotation through
these information that help to understand social life via the study of targeted populations or
places. Therefore, in the context of this specific analysis qualitative study is imperative to
develop recognition via the help of developing theoretical perspective, however, inductive
approach has been applied for analysing qualitative information and in this analysis is based on
developing new theories and hypothesis which are incorporates over a specific study area
(Hernandez-Perdomo and Mun, 2017).
Research philosophy: This is an essential process that will be followed by investigator
for gathering and analysing information regarding specific field of study. There are basically two
types of research philosophies which are known as positivism and interpretivisim. Both are
essential types of research philosophy and in this present analysis Interpretivism philosophy will
be chosen by investigator for gathering and evaluating qualitative information regarding the topic
(Melina and Xiong, 2013). Therefore, Interpretivism philosophy is effective in providing
descriptive evaluation via the opinion analysis of people.
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Methods for data collection: This is an essential section of research methodology that is
divided into two different types which are primary method and secondary method. Both are
effective methods of data collection that will help researcher in accomplishment of research
objectives within set time period. In order to collect primary type of information, interview is
more useful instrument that will be applied by investigator within an investigation. On the other
hand, in order to gather secondary information, there is requirement for using different number
of secondary sources which are articles, books, publication research, journals etc. All these are
useful and effective sources of secondary data collection that will be applied by researcher for
carrying out this research effectively (Blyschak, 2015).
Research techniques: This is an essential part of collecting information regarding the
topic. There are various techniques of collecting data which are questionnaire, interview,
observation, focus group, modelling and many others. All these are essential and important
techniques of data collection but for gathering primary information about the innovative logistics
and supply chain methods for liquefied natural gas project success in Mozambique, interview
will be applied by investigator because it support in gathering of valid as well as reliable data in
appropriate manner, thus, there are assorted advantages of using interview including descriptive
evaluation via views evaluation of participants, actual data with appropriate analysis of human
experience, offer actionable information etc. All these are major advantages of using interview
as a primary data collection technique within a current investigation (Glebova, 2013).
Methods for data analysis: Data analysis introduces to the essential process of analysing
information regarding the topic. This part of the methodology helps in analysing of qualitative
and quantitative information in systematic manner. In order to analyse data about the innovative
logistics and supply chain methods for liquefied natural gas project success in Mozambique,
thematic analysis approach will be applied by the researcher, thus, this technique help
investigator in analysing and interpreting of qualitative information. In this technique, researcher
will require to making themes over the questions of questioners. This will support investigator in
analysing of data in form of qualitative and within limited time duration. However, interview is
the effective way to gather insight out information with the support of conducting personal round
with the participants (Romano, Na and Xuanxuan, 2016).
Sampling: This is the effective and important process of choosing number of samples
out of total population. There are mainly two techniques of choosing sample which are called
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probability and non-probability sampling. Both are major techniques of sample selection but for
performing current study, simple random sampling method under probability technique will be
used by investigator. By using simple random sampling 40 industry experts within construction
sector will be chosen. Main purpose for using simple random sampling type of probability
sampling as it will help investigator in selection of large sample within minimum time period.
On the other hand, non-probability type of sampling is not useful for doing this investigation
because there is choice of selecting small number of sample and also it takes maximum time of
researcher (Calderón and et. al., 2018).
Research ethics: This is also an useful part of study that helps investigator in completion
of full project ethically. There are some principles of research ethics such as protection of
confidentiality and anonymity of research participants, obtain informed consent, avoid using
deceptive practices, provide participants the right to withdraw etc. All these are major principles
of research ethics that must be following within an investigation for completing each activity of
research ethically or systematically (Roe, 2018).
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Section 4: Presentation of research findings
This is the most imperative area of an investigation as it is effective in providing
descriptive evaluation to generate valuable outcome (Vivoda, 2014). Therefore, in the present
investigation work, analysis and findings are based on thematic analysis, as in this primary
investigation is being executed to develop interview and thematic analysis is the best way to
analyse information based on qualitative aspects. Thus, In this a proper discussion over the aim
and objectives are generated to provide valuable and reliable results (Talipova and Parsegov,
2018).
Interview
Q1) What do you understanding by upstream supply chain management in the context of
business development?
Q2) According to you, the effective supply chain management is significant for the effective
LNG plant construction?
Q3) As per your perspective, it is essential to quantify and reduce uncertainty in supply chain
management tools during LPG plan construction?
Q4) State the suitable supply chain methods of supply chain management that are creating value
for LNG project success?
Q5) What do you think is the key tool of supply chain management that generates results for the
LNG Plant success within Mozambique?
Q6) What do you think about quantifying and reducing uncertainty in supply chain management
tools while LPG plan construction?
Q7) As per your own recognition, what measures can effectively be opted by the LNG plant to
reducing the entire project cost and attaining success?
Q8) What do you think the LNG plant construction has create opportunity for the development
of Mozambique?
Q9) Can you please elaborate the common opportunities which are effectively be attained
through constructing LNG plant within Mozambique?
Q10) As per your recognition what are the key issues has taken place in LNG plant construction
within Mozambique?
Q11) What do you think, appropriate supply chain management tools are important during the
construction of LPG plant in gaining growth or delivering the final products to the customers
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within Mozambique?
Q12) How it is required for the businesses to manage and reduce risk from the supply chain
management to effectively delivering the products to the final users?
Q13) Share your experience regarding the impact of supply chain management during LNG plant
construction over decreasing the entire cost when delivering the final product within the
customers of Mozambique?
Q14) What do you feel, are the potential aspects that are needed to be recognised in order to
deliver LNG facilities to the customers at best prices within Mozambique?
Q15) What do you think, are the effective ways that can be implement by Mozambique to
improvise the LNG supply chain for providing efficient facilities to the final users?
Q16) Provide suggestions to reduce the cost of supply chain management to the success of LNG
plant construction.
Theme 1) What do you understand by upstream supply chain management in the context of
business development?
Interpretation: In this existing analysis the interview has been executed to determine individuals
perception to determining the aspect of upstream supply chain management, therefore, the
participants are states that, upstream supply chain management is defined as the effective part of
supply chain system procedure or interconnection among the business and its raw materials and
packing suppliers. Upstream mainly representing concern towards the supply side of the supply
chain towards the origin of a raw material within the supply chain process.
Theme 2) According to you, the effective supply chain management is significant for the
effective LNG plant construction?
Interpretation: From the views analysis of the people from Mozambique through the LNG plan
construction it has been evaluated that, the effective management of supply chain is imperative
for the suitable LNG plant construction, thus, they states that the entire growth operations of
LNG plant is encompasses over managing its supply and rendering appropriate facilities to the
final users. However, the effective supply chain is imperative in managing the operations of PLN
plant and managing the effective delivery of the services.
Theme 3) As per your perspective, it is essential to quantify and reduce uncertainty in supply
chain management tools during LPG plan construction?
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Interpretation: From the evaluation of the study based on analysing the need for a business to
quantify and reduce uncertainty in supply chain management tools during LNG plan
construction, it has been evaluated that, majority of the people belongs from the area of
Mozambique LNG plant has stated that, yes it is very much important to quantify and reduce
uncertainty in supply chain management tools during LNG plant construction because it is
effective to manage the operations effectively and attain development. On the other hand few
people are not in concern with the same as per their view, it is not much important to quantify
and reduce uncertainty in supply chain management tools during LNG plant construction as they
are not having significant recognition about the issues which influences the operations of LNG
plant.
Theme 4) State the suitable supply chain methods of supply chain management that are
creating value for LNG project success?
Interpretation: In this existing analysis the participants has stated that there are different
methods of supply chain management like job method, batch method and flow method therefore
the participants has stated that out of the following method batch method is recognised to be the
most appropriate method of supply chain management and it is effective in creating for the
success of LNG plant construction.
Theme 5) What do you think is the key tool of supply chain management that generates results
for the LNG Plant success within Mozambique?
Interpretation: According to the detailed analysis of the project it has been evaluated that, there
are different individual who are having their own perception regarding the tools of supply can
management which generates results for the LNG plant success within Mozambique. However,
as per the evaluation of participants opinion it has been evaluated that, Batch method is effective
for logistic and supply chain for liquefied natural gas project success, thus, Batch
management systems is mainly composed over two subparts, one is based on assuring the
development and configuration of the recipes, and the other assuring the implementation of the
recipes likewise driving the equipments to make a product.
Theme 6) What do you think about quantifying and reducing uncertainty in supply chain
management tools while LPG plan construction?
Interpretation: From the detailed analysis of the views of of participants it has been analysed
that majority of participants are said that is it very much important and effective quantifying and
9

reducing uncertainty supply chain management tools while conducting effective construction of
LNG plant. Effective management of supply chain process helps business gaining success.
Theme 7) As per your own recognition, what measures can effectively be opted by the LNG
plant to reducing the entire project cost and attaining success?
Interpretation: In this present evaluation the study has been executed among the people who are
involves in the LNG plant construction thus people from this region are reliable in rendering
effective information. Therefore, as per the analysis of the interview, it has been evaluated that
here are assorted measures like Train size and technology selection, Advancement in digital
Technologies, Prefabrication, Dehydration and Sweetening and Liquefaction Process which can
effectively be emerged by the LNG plant to reducing the entire project cost, thus, individual are
favour with the different aspect as all of these are imperative in reducing the cost of the project.
Theme 8) What do you think the LNG plant construction has create opportunity for the
development of Mozambique?
Interpretation: From the views analysis of participants it has been seen that majority of
participants has think that the LNG plant construction has create opportunity for the development
of Mozambique therefore the construction has created a certain benefits in terms of economic
development, fire employment opportunity, the periodic update of the legal and physical
framework the suitable exploration and development of mineral resources promoting partnership
with mozambican private enterprises in the sector.
Theme 9) Can you please elaborate the common opportunities which are effectively be
attained through constructing LNG plant within Mozambique?
Interpretation: In this, the question is being asked to the participants about the opportunities that
are effectively be gained through constructing LNG plant within Mozambique, Therefore, as per
the views of the majority of the participants it has been seen that economic development is the
major opportunity gained by Mozambique and Higher employment opportunity, The periodic
update of the legal and fiscal framework, The sustainable exploration and development of
mineral resources, Promote partnerships with Mozambican private enterprises in the sector and
so on are the another opportunities gained by the county due to the emergence of LNG plant.
Theme 10) As per your recognition what are the key issues has taken place in LNG plant
construction within Mozambique?
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Interpretation: As per the detailed analysis of the participants it has been seen that participants
are stated that here are assorted issues like Complex environmental approvals, Difficulty in
remote locations, Rising labour costs and workforce activism, Unfavourable exchange rate
movements and so on that has taken place in LNG plant construction within Mozambique. 6 out
of 10 people are stated that Rising labour costs and workforce activism and 2 are in concern with
Unfavourable exchange rate movements and remaining are go with the remaining to issues
respective.
Theme 11) What do you think, appropriate supply chain management tools are important
during the construction of LNG plant in gaining growth or delivering the final products to the
customers within Mozambique?
Interpretation: According to the views analysis of the participants regarding the aspect of
evaluating the appropriateness of supply chain management tools during the construction of
LNG plant in gaining growth or delivering the final products to the customer within
Mozambique, it has been stated that, majority of people are in favour with the aspect and as per
their view it is very much important for the businesses to manager supply chain for the effective
implementation of LNG plant and few people are not in favour with the same as they are really
not having any idea about the connection among supply chain management and LNG plant
success.
Theme 12) How it is required for the businesses to manage and reduce risk from the supply
chain management to effectively delivering the products to the final users?
Interpretation: According to the opinion analysis of the interviews it has been stated that 9 out of
10 people are said that it is very much essential for the businesses to manage and reduce risk
from the supply chain management to effectively delivering the products to the final users and
remaining one in not in concern with the same.
Theme 13) Share your experience regarding the impact of supply chain management during
LNG plant construction over decreasing the entire cost when delivering the final product
within the customers of Mozambique?
Interpretation: During the execution of the interview over the area of LNG plant construction
and supply chain management, individual are sharing their own experience in relation to the
impact of supply chain management over reducing the entire cost of LNG plant construction,
therefore, majority of participants are said that supply chain management has positive impact
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over reducing the cost of project and delivering the final products to the customers of
Mozambique and few people are not in concern with the same as per their view management of
supply chain is not that required for the growth of LNG plant or the distribution of the goods to
the final users.
Theme 14) What do you feel, are the potential aspects that are needed to be recognised in
order to deliver LNG facilities to the customers at best prices within Mozambique?
Interpretation: The interviews in this present analysis has stated that, here are different essential
components to be considered like Independent studies, Pre-FEED and FEED analysis,
Procurement considerations, Regulations and tax, Port and marine services and so on in order to
deliver LNG facilities to the customers at best prices within Mozambique, therefore, these all are
the important aspect to be recognised while managing supply chain for LNG plant and its
effective distribution and Mozambique has a large geographical area which needs effective
management of supply chain to maintaining effective deliver of facilities.
Theme 15) What do you think, are the effective ways that can be implement by Mozambique to
improvise the LNG supply chain for providing efficient facilities to the final users?
Interpretation: From the views analysis of the participants it has been seen that, here are
multiple effective ways that are important in developing LNG supply chain like Sustain
appropriate human resource, rethink contractual relations with suppliers, Unlock the potential of
modularization, Consider floating LNG and Adapt maintenance philosophy to the situation.
Therefore collectively individual are supporting the argument and suggest the best ways that are
significant for the Mozambique to improvise the LNG supply chain for providing efficient
facilities to the final users.
Summary of Qualitative research:
After the execution of qualitative analysis it has been determined that, quantifying and
reducing the uncertainty within the supply chain management is imperative in development of
LNG plant construction and reducing the extra cost. Thus, there are assorted ways to supply
chain management which are effectively be implemented by the businesses t manage supply
chain, thus, as per the analysis of the interview it has been stated that batch method is the most
effective tool for logistic and supply chain for liquefied natural gas project success. As this tool
provide effective management of the supply chain and also assisting the distribution of the
products to the final users effectively. Therefore, the majority of participates are in favour with
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the aspect that, it is important for the businesses to quantify and reducing extra cost for the
intention of improvising the success of the LNG plant within Mozambique, thus the suitable
management of supply chain is also an imperative recognition by the LNG plant to deliver the
products and services to the final users effectively. In addition to this, Mozambique is a large
area where the growth of LNG plant is high as the development of LNG plant is effective for the
economic growth of Mozambique.
Section 5: Discussion and Conclusion
Discussion
This is an important and essential section of the research project that helps researcher in
discussing of secondary information about the topic (Hickling, 2017). In this section over all
analysis is based on qualitative aspect and in this discussion is being developed over the
objectives of the research as the objectives are represented in the form of theme and analysis has
been made via the accumulation of information from the assorted resources. In this part of the
study, researcher will require in making of different themes according to the research objectives
and questions that will be explained as below:
Theme 1: Concept of upstream supply chain management
It has been discussed that upstream supply chain is an effective part of supply chain
system, procedures or relationship between an organisation as well as its packaging suppliers and
raw materials. Upstream observes at supply part of the supply chain toward the beginning of a
raw material within the supply chain process. Upstream introduces to the material input required
for production (Brown, 2016). As an operations manger or business owners liable for production,
knowing the supply chain is important to the success and growth of an organisation. Along with
this, supply chain management includes suppliers, distributors, manufacturing plants, retail stores
and wholesale warehouse. Main objective of supply chain management is to get finished goods
to the customers in the cost-effective way. With the construction plants as the emphasis of the
supply chain, activity of upstream includes suppliers of raw materials, like copper and
aluminium.
Theme 2: Significant methods of logistics and supply chain for liquefied natural gas project
success
Logistics and supply chain is an effective term that controls the flow and shortage of
products and services and passes information between point of consumption and origin. It play a
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significant role in the success of liquefied natural gas project. Some methods can be shown
underneath (Cheremisinoff and Davletshin, 2015).
Job method: This model helps in focusing on hiring the manpower to improve the
overall environment in the workplace. For success of liquefied natural gas project company
needs to improve tier logistic and supply chain for this they need to follow the job methods so
that they get suitable candidate for performing target (Lal and Stewart, 2012).
Batch methods: This method is related to the production aspect in which goods are made
with the appropriate members in a desired time. For earning success in liquefied natural gas
project this methods is very beneficial because supply and logistic chain can deliver the goods to
the user for this company need to bifurcate the employees as per their abilities (Tordo, Warner,
Manzano and Anouti, 2013).
Theme 3: Effective ways to reduce cost during construction of LNG plan
There are various ways of deducting the amount in construction of LNG plan such as
dehydration and sweating, prefabrication, train size and technological selection, liquidation
process, advancement in digital technology etc. some of this can be elaborated below:
Train size and technological selection: This is an effective way in construction of LNG
plant because it is very useful in reducing the cost. It gives the facility to purification and
liquefaction that helps in transporting the natural gas from one nation to another and at that time
helps in reducing the volume (Uzicanin, 2016). Train size and technology majorly focus on
developing the firms by offering financial, logistics and commercial advantage.
Advancement in digital technology: In today's world demand of gas has increases due
to this company can focus on adopting advance technology so that in construction of LNG cost
can be minimised and profits are high (Kinyondo and Villanger, 2017).
Theme 4: Major challenges and opportunities of constructing LNG plant in Mozambique
In constructing the LNG Plant is placing an major opportunities and challenges in the
Mozambique that involves economic development, more employment opportunity, growing in
mineral resources, high labour cost, problem in locating remote locations etc.
Economic development: It shows the major opportunity in construction LNG plant in
Mozambique because of this many people getting paid work due to this spending power of an
individual may be increase and this will helps in developing the economy of country (Winkler,
2011).
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High employment opportunity: By constructing the plant of LNG in Mozambique, this
will highly benefited for the people of country and create a opportunity of employment to the
unemployed person and this will also enhance the living standard of people (Del Baldo, 2017).
More labour cost: Constructing the LNG Plant in Mozambique place a major challenge
for the firm because they get the labour for working and for this they pay high due to this their
operating cost may be affected negatively.
Complex environmental approvals: The major challenge that is face by the LNG in
Mozambique is getting the environmental approvals because constructing the plant are harmful
for the environment due to this getting approval is difficult in remote area locations (Mete,
2020).
Theme 5: Impact of appropriate supply chain methods during LNG plant building over
reducing the cost when delivering the final product.
It has been discussed that Supply chain method has positive impact on LNG industry by
decreasing the cost of transportation during delivering of final products to the customers. The
significance of natural gas as an energy source is maximising. Natural gas has been transported
within pipelines in traditional manner, but ships are much more effective and efficient for
transportation on long distances. The LNG supply chain includes of liquefaction, transportation,
exploration, extraction, storage and re-gasification. Shipping transportation is an essential part of
the LNG supply chain because it transported within special designed ships as well as LNG
tankers. Therefore, supply chain management has positive or favourable impact for LNG sector
by decreasing transportation cost and also delivering products to the final customers in
systematic manner (Todorov and et. al., 2018).
Conclusion
From the above mentioned information, it has been concluded that most of the
participants had awareness or knowledge regarding the upstream supply chain management. This
is a process that helped an organisation by improving their growth and success at global level.
There are different number of methods of logistic and supply chain used for liquefied natural gas
project success, including job method, batch method and flow method. All these are effective
and suitable methods within liquefied natural gas project. There are various ways discussed that
are essential in reducing the cost of entire project. These ways are advancement in digital
technologies, prefabrication, train size and technology selection, dehydration and sweetening and
15

liquefaction Process. All these are essential ways that helped in LNG plant by decreasing the
cost of entire project. By constructing plan within Mozambique, there are different opportunities
such as economic development, higher employment opportunity, periodic update of the legal and
fiscal framework, sustainable exploration and development of mineral resources and promoting
of partnerships with Mozambican private enterprises in the sector. These are effective
opportunities in implementation of liquefied natural gas plant in Mozambican. Apart from this,
there are some challenges or uncertainty while constructing liquefied natural gas plant in
Mozambique. These issues are complex environmental approvals, difficulty in remote locations,
rising labour costs and workforce activism and unfavourable exchange rate movements. These
are major challenges that had negative impact in implementation of project within specific
country. Therefore, supply chain management tools are imperative for liquefied natural gas plant
in achieving success while delivering the final goods to the customers within Mozambique.
There are different components that are important in delivering of liquefied natural gas facilities
to the clients in Mozambique. These components are independent studies, procurement
considerations, port and marine services, regulations and tax, Pre-FEED and FEED analysis etc.
All these are main components that helped in delivering of LNG facilities. Different ways are
determined that assist in improving of LNG supply chain in Mozambique. These are includes
sustain, unlock the potential of modularization, consider floating LNG, adopt maintenance
philosophy to the situation, rethink contractual relations with suppliers etc.
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Section 6: Research Limitations/weaknesses
Research limitations are main part of the research project that has negative impact on
researcher while conducting present investigation. These limitations are gaining access to a
representative sample of the population, lack of time that may limit the amount of information
researcher will be able to gather, concerns regarding the validity and reliability of the information
collected, unethical behaviour of participants etc. All these are major limitations that has negative
influence on investigator while conducting this research. In order to deal with these limitations, there
are different ways or tools that must be use by researcher. For example: In order to overcome time
issues, researcher must follow Gantt chart that will help them by providing data about the time of
research completion. For overcoming challenge associated with the concerns regarding the validity
and reliability of the information collected, questionnaire will be used because it helps researcher by
providing valid and reliable information within limited time. For reducing the limitation linked with
access to a representative sample of the population, simple random sampling method will be
followed because it not take more time and helps researcher in selection of sample on random basis.
Therefore, eliminating all limitations or weaknesses will be essential for researcher in achieving of
research aim and objectives as well as completion of full research project systematically.
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