Theories, Principles and Models for Inspirational Teaching and Learning

This article discusses the different theories, principles and models of learning and communication that can be applied to teaching and learning. It covers behaviourism, humanism, pedagogy, andragogy, Kolb's theory of learning, Honey and Mumford's model of learning preferences, Shannon and Weaver model of communication, Johari's window theory of communication, and more. It also explains how identifying learners' individual learning preferences can enable inclusive learning, teaching and assessment. The article includes references to relevant books and journals.

THEORIES PRINCIPLES AND
MODELS TO ACHIEVE
INSPIRATIONAL TEACHING
AND LEARNING

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TASK A.............................................................................................................3
1.1- Analysing theories, principles and models of learning..........................3
1.3- Analysing models of learning preferences............................................3
1.2- Ways in which principles, models and theories of learning can be
applied to learning, teaching and assessment.............................................4
1.4- How determining and taking account of learners individual learning
preference enables inclusive learning, teaching and assessment...............4
TASK B.............................................................................................................5
2.1- Analysis of theories, principles & models of communication................5
REFERENCES....................................................................................................7

TASK A
1.1- Analysing theories, principles and models of learning.
Behaviourism and humanism are the two different types of theories
that related to learning. It can be analysed that behaviourism concept may
concentrate on idea that individual person behaviour is may learn via
interaction with environment, either internal or external (What is the
behavioral learning theory, 2022). This theory clearly state that attributes
are learned from environment or surrounding atmosphere, where others
existence may teach a great lesion. It is the key in comprehending how to
encourage and support students. Humanistic theory of learning and teaching
may drive the attention of tutor to have a strong concentration on learners.
Participation, repetition, relevance, transference and feedbacks are the
key principles of learning that is important for teachers to take into their
consideration, for purpose of providing better teaching (Nguyen and et.al.,
2021).
Pedagogy and andragogy are the two forms of models that also
related to learning. Pedagogical model may describe what effective tutors do
in their class-rooms to engage learners in intellectually challenging activity
or task (Chiva-Bartoll and Fernández-Rio, 2021). Andragogy model of
learning drive the attention of a tutor toward focusing on adults needs.
1.3- Analysing models of learning preferences.
Kolb’s theory of learning is the best model that used by individuals in
the field of learning and teaching (Syaifullah and et.al., 2021). It can be
analysed that this concept encompasses different styles of learning that
enable students to learn something new by conducting strategic practices
such as watching videos and images, that allow a learner to learn new
things. Converge, diverger, assimilator and accommodator, are the four
learning styles that covers in this model. The implementation of each
learning style may enable user to achieve the aim in appropriate manner in
term of developing understanding related to specific subject.

Honey and Mumford is another model of learning preferences that
include key features, which in turn provide a lot of benefits to learners. This
concept is based on another learning model such as Kolb’s proposes.
Activist, reflector, theorist and pragmatist are those learning styles that
include in Honey and Mumford model of learning preference (Troussas,
Krouska and Virvou, 2021). Each style of learning enables a learner to gain
desire outcomes in form of gaining knowledge by taking two or more
initiatives such as doing practical things, watching, thinking and feeling. The
practical implementation of these two theories or models benefits users such
as learners in several terms.
1.2- Ways in which principles, models and theories of learning can be applied
to learning, teaching and assessment.
In the context of teaching, behaviourism and humanism can be applied
by the tutors in for of creating environment in the classroom that drive the
attention of individuals toward developing better understanding regarding
effective behaviours (Ajdini, 2021). Behaviourism theory can be applied to
learning in form of making environment positive around individual children
(Robbani and Haqqy, 2021). Along with this, humanism concept is also
applying in the same context, in term of focusing on learners and their
understanding, for which they are accountable to develop appropriately.
In regard to learning, teaching and assessment concepts, principles of
learning are also applicable in appropriate manner. Teachers and other
people may take initiative to participate themselves in children activities,
which enable a child to learn new things and gain knowledge from varied
practices. According to another principle of learning such as repetition, in
form of providing students with chance for repetition and practice.
Relevance, transference and feedback principles may also apply in each
above concept in form of making tutors able to conduct those practices
which are beneficial for students learning and development.

Pedagogy and andragogy models of learning are applicable in
teaching, assessment and learning context, as they may drive the
concentration of tutors and learners toward selecting those approaches that
utilized in the context of child education. Pedagogy model of learning may
define what effective tutors do in their classroom, where number of students
in challenging work where they may tend to obtain support from a teacher.
While, andragogy model related to learning may concentrate on and
enabling tutors to give each learner an comprehending of why and what they
are doing something in practical and theoretical manner.
1.4- How determining and taking account of learners individual learning
preference enables inclusive learning, teaching and assessment.
Tutors may take initiative to take account of learners individual learning
preferences and identify the same, in varied terms that aid to make their
teaching learning and assessment effective more than last few years or
months. It may allow them to develop curriculum and conduct other
practices that allow to become a great tutor. With identification of their
learning preferences, they may take right action and decision, which enable
students to grow rapidly and develop their understanding in the context of
multiple subjects or study materials. It may enable them to provide those
learning resources to students that they may use appropriately. It may give
them direction regarding what a student need and want.
TASK B
2.2- Covered in PPT
2.1- Analysis of theories, principles & models of communication.
Principles of communication-
Comprehensive-
According to comprehensive principles, tutors and students should
complete the information and adequate. It may make their understanding
and relationship, event better than last few months or weeks.
Clarity-

This principle may drive the attention of both parties toward making their
interaction clear, which is important for them to do that (The Principles of
Communication, 2022). The purpose of study and other study materials, may
have to be clear.
Coherency-
According to this principle, communication often may take place across
varied tools and over a time. It is essential that interaction between tutor
and children remain logical.
Timelines and urgency-
It can be analysed that the current principle of communication is
important to consider because of varied reasons. It may support to make
communication effective in form of delivering message on time.
Shannon and weaver model of communication-
It can be analysed that this model contains the five elements that a
teacher and a student utilised to make their communication effective, better
and appropriate. Utilisation of each element and their consideration enable
both parties to obtain unpredictable outcomes that benefit them again for a
longer time. Utilisation of this model may enable a student or a teacher to
eliminate the issues that occur during the process of communication and
these are technical, semantic, and effectiveness. By using this model
individual person may get different benefits such as concept of noise may
contribute to make communication effective by eliminating the noise or any
kind of issue. It may support to make the overall process in a two way.
Johari’s window theory of communication-
Along with about this model is also applicable in the context of
communication as it utilises for purpose of enhancing individual’s perception
that is important for a student to do that. This model is used to help people
such as a student and tutor to better comprehend their relationship. There
are different type of method technique and concept available in the world
that people used to communicate and make this process effective. Johari
window model is one of those approaches that are applicable in various

situations. This model is useful in a variant term for example improving
student self-awareness and developing a situation where they may learn and
gain knowledge regarding various things.
Role of language connected to stage of development (Piaget)-
Language may play significant role in the context of development
stage in term of driving their attention toward representing their ideas and
developing understanding related to varied terms, which is not that easy for
any child to do so easily (Joubert and Harrison, 2021). At piaget stage, child
may utilize accommodation and assimilation approach to learn a language,
in effective and appropriate manner.
Role of language on cognitive development (Vygotsky)-
Language play important role in regard to cognitive development in
form of making communication effective which enable individuals to interact
desire behaviour of a person. Thus, it also allow development of culture and
society, which is important. It is considered as main by which tutors transmit
essential data to children’s. Furthermore, it may help to become a quite
powerful tool of intellectual development or adaptation as well.
Transactional analysis (Berne)-
The current term refers to Berne's theory, which may believe that adult
to adult transaction or communication lead to the best and effective
interaction therefore relation with others. It may contribute to build strong
and trust worthy relations with others, whom with they may communicate
effectively.
Crossed Transactions-
This term occurs when an ego level that may not obtain transaction
stimulus provide transactional response, which is important for sender to
provide appropriately and receiver to receive systematically. It may lead to
breakdown in transaction which may sometimes be considered by conflict or
major issues.
Interactionist approaches (Burner)-

The current term argues that varied levels of explanation are essential
to a specific behaviour, ranging from biological to high extent (Summers and
Tudor, 2021). It is also considered as pragmatic method that used to
interpret and understand social interaction, that help in varied terms.
Impact of non-verbal or body language, elaborate or restricted
language code-
These terms may impact positively, in case of making individuals
capable to communicate with each other appropriately, by using their body
language or non-verbal terms. While it may affect negatively when body
language is not appropriate and non-verbal communication is less effective,
which is essential for person to make that effective.
Other forms of communication-
Chatrooms, distance learning, email and other types of
communications play important role in teaching and learning practice for
which individual person is accountable to conduct appropriately. It may help
to connect one person to another, without having or facing any issues that
affect negatively.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Ajdini, F., 2021. BEHAVIORIST THEORY ON LANGUAGE LEARNING AND
ACQUISITION. FILOLOGJIA-International Journal of Human Sciences. 9(15-
16). pp.90-96.
Chiva-Bartoll, O. and Fernández-Rio, J., 2021. Advocating for Service-
Learning as a pedagogical model in Physical Education: towards an
activist and transformative approach. Physical Education and Sport
Pedagogy. pp.1-14.
Joubert, I. and Harrison, G. D., 2021. Revisiting Piaget, his contribution to
South African early childhood education. Early Child Development and
Care. 191(7-8). pp.1002-1012.
Nguyen, A and et.al., 2021. Design principles for learning analytics
information systems in higher education. European Journal of
Information Systems. 30(5). pp.541-568.
Robbani, A. S. and Haqqy, A. M., 2021. Theory of Learning Humanism and Its
Implications in Arabic Language Learning. Tarling: Journal of Language
Education. 5(1). pp.1-14.
Summers, G. and Tudor, K., 2021. Reflections on Cocreative Transactional
Analysis: Acceptance Speech for the 2020 Eric Berne Memorial Award.
Transactional Analysis Journal. 51(1). pp.7-18.
Syaifullah, M and et.al., 2021. The Application Of Experiential Learning Model
Perspective David A. Kolb To Improving Students Reading Skill l Tatbiq
Namudz al-Ta’alum al-Tajribi ‘inda David A. Kolb li Tarqiyyah Maharah
al-Qira’ah lada Talabah. Jurnal Al Bayan: Jurnal Jurusan Pendidikan
Bahasa Arab. 13(2). pp.208-230.
Troussas, C., Krouska, A. and Virvou, M., 2021. A multilayer inference engine
for individualized tutoring model: adapting learning material and its
granularity. Neural Computing and Applications. pp.1-15.
Online
The Principles of Communication. 2022. [Online]. Available Through: <
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/community/principles-
of-communication>
What is the behavioral learning theory. 2022. [Online]. Available Through:
https://www.wgu.edu/blog/what-behavioral-learning-
theory2005.html#close