Integrated Marketing Communications Plan
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This article discusses the different options available for Shape n Shake fitness for creating awareness and attracting clients and customers through an Integrated Marketing Communications Plan. It covers advertising, direct marketing, interactive and digital marketing, sales promotion, public relations, and sponsorship. The article also includes a section on monitoring and evaluation of the program.
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Running Head: INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION PLAN
1
INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS PLAN
1
INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS PLAN
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Running Head: INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION PLAN
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Table of Contents
7.0 IMC Options Considered.....................................................................................................3
7.1 Advertising...........................................................................................................................3
7.2 Direct Marketing..................................................................................................................3
7.3 Interactive and digital marketing.........................................................................................4
7.4 Sales promotion....................................................................................................................5
7.5 Public Relations...................................................................................................................6
7.6 Sponsorship..........................................................................................................................6
9.0 Monitoring and Evaluation of Program...............................................................................8
References................................................................................................................................10
2
Table of Contents
7.0 IMC Options Considered.....................................................................................................3
7.1 Advertising...........................................................................................................................3
7.2 Direct Marketing..................................................................................................................3
7.3 Interactive and digital marketing.........................................................................................4
7.4 Sales promotion....................................................................................................................5
7.5 Public Relations...................................................................................................................6
7.6 Sponsorship..........................................................................................................................6
9.0 Monitoring and Evaluation of Program...............................................................................8
References................................................................................................................................10
Running Head: INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION PLAN
3
7.0 IMC Options Considered
Different options are available for Shape n Shake fitness for creating awareness and
attracting the clients and the customers. The different IMC options that are available in this
case are:
7.1 Advertising
Advertising is an important media of communication that would help Shape n Shake fitness
to spread the awareness about the launch of the new brand. The management needs to
consider certain aspects while developing the advertising strategy for the gym. Leiss, Kline,
Jhally, Botterill & Asquith (2018) commented that advertisement helps in attaining the
marketing campaigns through the utilisation of different promotional methods are intended
for strengthening the position of the organisation.
The advantages that Shape n Shake fitness would be obtaining from advertisement are listed
below;
The management and the advertising department of Shape n Shake fitness have full
control over the messages that would be delivered to the customers (Andrews &
Shimp, 2017).
The advertisement is an active process in the creation of the brand image and
goodwill in the market. It would help Shape n Shake fitness to create a significant
position in the market and attract the customers (Andrews & Shimp, 2017).
Advertisement helps in attaining responsiveness with the customers and thereby
generates loyalty of the customers.
However, the advertisement has certain limitations which Shape n Shake fitness needs to be
aware of, and they are listed below:
3
7.0 IMC Options Considered
Different options are available for Shape n Shake fitness for creating awareness and
attracting the clients and the customers. The different IMC options that are available in this
case are:
7.1 Advertising
Advertising is an important media of communication that would help Shape n Shake fitness
to spread the awareness about the launch of the new brand. The management needs to
consider certain aspects while developing the advertising strategy for the gym. Leiss, Kline,
Jhally, Botterill & Asquith (2018) commented that advertisement helps in attaining the
marketing campaigns through the utilisation of different promotional methods are intended
for strengthening the position of the organisation.
The advantages that Shape n Shake fitness would be obtaining from advertisement are listed
below;
The management and the advertising department of Shape n Shake fitness have full
control over the messages that would be delivered to the customers (Andrews &
Shimp, 2017).
The advertisement is an active process in the creation of the brand image and
goodwill in the market. It would help Shape n Shake fitness to create a significant
position in the market and attract the customers (Andrews & Shimp, 2017).
Advertisement helps in attaining responsiveness with the customers and thereby
generates loyalty of the customers.
However, the advertisement has certain limitations which Shape n Shake fitness needs to be
aware of, and they are listed below:
Running Head: INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION PLAN
4
The advertisement is a quite costly activity, and it involves an investment of
tremendous amount. However, in spite of the investment, the ability to determine the
effectiveness is quite hard (Jhally, 2014).
The advertisement may also include credibility issues, and the consumer scepticism
may arise.
7.2 Direct Marketing
Risselada, Verhoef & Bijmolt (2014) commented that direct marketing is the process of
selling products or the services directly to the public. It helps in establishing a relationship
with the customers with the help of different media such as cell phones, text messages,
emails, websites and newspaper. Through direct marketing Shape n Shake fitness can
directly connect with the customers and at the same time obtain a response from the
customers about the services which are offered by them. The management of Shape n Shake
fitness can obtain suitable benefits from the campaign which are listed below:
1. Shape n Shake fitness can select the target market for the sale of the service, and in
this way, it can deliver the service to the customers who need them (Faruque, Khatun
& Rahman, 2016).
2. Shape n Shake fitness can alter the messages and the services for the selected and the
targeted group of the customers.
3. Direct marketing of Shape n Shake fitness would make it easier to measure the
efficiency and the benefits it had provided to the organisation.
However, direct marketing can create certain disadvantages, and they are listed below:
1. The response of the customers can vary considering the approach of marketing.
2. Improper campaigning can be costly and can result in inefficiency of the organisation.
4
The advertisement is a quite costly activity, and it involves an investment of
tremendous amount. However, in spite of the investment, the ability to determine the
effectiveness is quite hard (Jhally, 2014).
The advertisement may also include credibility issues, and the consumer scepticism
may arise.
7.2 Direct Marketing
Risselada, Verhoef & Bijmolt (2014) commented that direct marketing is the process of
selling products or the services directly to the public. It helps in establishing a relationship
with the customers with the help of different media such as cell phones, text messages,
emails, websites and newspaper. Through direct marketing Shape n Shake fitness can
directly connect with the customers and at the same time obtain a response from the
customers about the services which are offered by them. The management of Shape n Shake
fitness can obtain suitable benefits from the campaign which are listed below:
1. Shape n Shake fitness can select the target market for the sale of the service, and in
this way, it can deliver the service to the customers who need them (Faruque, Khatun
& Rahman, 2016).
2. Shape n Shake fitness can alter the messages and the services for the selected and the
targeted group of the customers.
3. Direct marketing of Shape n Shake fitness would make it easier to measure the
efficiency and the benefits it had provided to the organisation.
However, direct marketing can create certain disadvantages, and they are listed below:
1. The response of the customers can vary considering the approach of marketing.
2. Improper campaigning can be costly and can result in inefficiency of the organisation.
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7.3 Interactive and digital marketing
Interactive and the digital marketing include the usage of the different types of media that
enable the consumers to connect and interact with the modified source messages and helps
them in the process of obtaining information, change images and offer responses to various
questions. The interactive and the digital marketing encourage two-way communication
which implies that the messages of the customers can also be obtained (Tiago & Veríssimo,
2014). With the use of the interactive marketing, Shape n Shake fitness can understand the
needs and the wants of the customers and thereby develop strategies and respond back
quickly.
The advantages that Shape n Shake fitness would obtain by using interactive and the digital
marketing are listed below:
1. Interactive and the digital marketing can be used for the tailoring of messages for
addressing the different needs and the wants of the customers.
2. The involvement level of the customers and the management are quite high, and this
increases the interaction and the loyalty of the customers (Stone& Woodcock, 2014).
3. This form of communication strategy helps in converting a lot of information to the
customers and thereby increases the transparency.
However, Shape n Shake fitness can encounter certain disadvantages from this form of
communication campaign as is listed below:
1. Often developing an idea about the audience size and its assessment become difficult
as Shape n Shake fitness would have a wide range of customers in different parts of
the world (Kannan, 2017).
2. In interactive and the digital marketing campaign, one needs to provide service to the
customers for 24 hours whenever they need assistance.
5
7.3 Interactive and digital marketing
Interactive and the digital marketing include the usage of the different types of media that
enable the consumers to connect and interact with the modified source messages and helps
them in the process of obtaining information, change images and offer responses to various
questions. The interactive and the digital marketing encourage two-way communication
which implies that the messages of the customers can also be obtained (Tiago & Veríssimo,
2014). With the use of the interactive marketing, Shape n Shake fitness can understand the
needs and the wants of the customers and thereby develop strategies and respond back
quickly.
The advantages that Shape n Shake fitness would obtain by using interactive and the digital
marketing are listed below:
1. Interactive and the digital marketing can be used for the tailoring of messages for
addressing the different needs and the wants of the customers.
2. The involvement level of the customers and the management are quite high, and this
increases the interaction and the loyalty of the customers (Stone& Woodcock, 2014).
3. This form of communication strategy helps in converting a lot of information to the
customers and thereby increases the transparency.
However, Shape n Shake fitness can encounter certain disadvantages from this form of
communication campaign as is listed below:
1. Often developing an idea about the audience size and its assessment become difficult
as Shape n Shake fitness would have a wide range of customers in different parts of
the world (Kannan, 2017).
2. In interactive and the digital marketing campaign, one needs to provide service to the
customers for 24 hours whenever they need assistance.
Running Head: INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION PLAN
6
7.4 Sales promotion
Sales promotion is one of the significant elements of the promotional mix, and sales
promotion makes use of media as well as non-media marketing communication for a specific
and limited period for enhancing the demand of the consumers. Sales promotion is essential
to increasing the attractiveness of the brand and attracting new customers and retaining the
existing customers (Van Heerde & Neslin, 2017). Shape n Shake fitness can make use of
sales promotion to position gym, beauty salon and gym supplies in the market and attract new
customers. Offering discusses, and a special coupon to the customers can increase the loyalty
of the customers and this help in creating a strong presence in the market.
The advantages that Shape n Shake fitness would obtain from sales promotion are listed
below:
1. Sales promotion is an active process to attract the customers and influence them to
stay in Shape n Shake fitness for a more extended period.
2. Shape n Shake fitness can attract new customer by offering sales promotion and can
encourage the customers to try out the new gym and the salon.
3. Sales promotion is a useful e tool that would help Shape n Shake fitness to gain a
competitive advantage in the market. Offers and promotions would help to attract new
customers and give fierce competition to the competitors in the market (Van Heerde
& Neslin, 2017).
4. Even during the peak-off season and hours, Shape n Shake fitness can get hold of the
customers and thereby increase the revenue and maintain the profitability.
However, Shape n Shake fitness needs to be aware of the drawbacks that sales promotion
can create in the IMC Campaign and they are listed below:
Sales promotion is costly and requires investment.
6
7.4 Sales promotion
Sales promotion is one of the significant elements of the promotional mix, and sales
promotion makes use of media as well as non-media marketing communication for a specific
and limited period for enhancing the demand of the consumers. Sales promotion is essential
to increasing the attractiveness of the brand and attracting new customers and retaining the
existing customers (Van Heerde & Neslin, 2017). Shape n Shake fitness can make use of
sales promotion to position gym, beauty salon and gym supplies in the market and attract new
customers. Offering discusses, and a special coupon to the customers can increase the loyalty
of the customers and this help in creating a strong presence in the market.
The advantages that Shape n Shake fitness would obtain from sales promotion are listed
below:
1. Sales promotion is an active process to attract the customers and influence them to
stay in Shape n Shake fitness for a more extended period.
2. Shape n Shake fitness can attract new customer by offering sales promotion and can
encourage the customers to try out the new gym and the salon.
3. Sales promotion is a useful e tool that would help Shape n Shake fitness to gain a
competitive advantage in the market. Offers and promotions would help to attract new
customers and give fierce competition to the competitors in the market (Van Heerde
& Neslin, 2017).
4. Even during the peak-off season and hours, Shape n Shake fitness can get hold of the
customers and thereby increase the revenue and maintain the profitability.
However, Shape n Shake fitness needs to be aware of the drawbacks that sales promotion
can create in the IMC Campaign and they are listed below:
Sales promotion is costly and requires investment.
Running Head: INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION PLAN
7
This strategy is short-term, and hence the customer may not be loyal.
7.5 Public Relations
Public relation deals with the function of the management in assessing the attitudes of the
public and the identification of the policies and the regulations of the organisation in
addressing the interest of the individuals. Public relation helps to extend the relationship of
the customers with the organisation and would help in better understanding (Theaker, 2017).
Shape n Shake fitness through public relation can create goodwill in the market and create
awareness among the public to use their services and products. Publicity is a critical approach
that can be used by Shape n Shake fitness to build a strong presence in the market.
The advantages of the public relation are listed below:
1. The messages that are spread through public relation influences the audiences that
generate trust as they appear from the objective sources (Pearson, 2017).
2. PR strategy would enable the Shape n Shake fitness to aim and spread the messages
to the target market properly.
3. When compared with the other promotional activities, public relation is much cheaper
regarding cost, but it would help to Shape n Shake fitness to generate good amount
lead that would increase the revenue of the organisation (Pearson, 2017).
4. PR strategy would help to create a right image of Shape n Shake fitness in the
market and thereby attain competitive advantage.
PR also has certain limitations which are listed below:
1. In most of the cases, the market of Shape n Shake fitness would have no direct
control over the message which is delivered to customers (Pearson, 2017).
2. In some cases, the promotional message can turn out to be negative.
7
This strategy is short-term, and hence the customer may not be loyal.
7.5 Public Relations
Public relation deals with the function of the management in assessing the attitudes of the
public and the identification of the policies and the regulations of the organisation in
addressing the interest of the individuals. Public relation helps to extend the relationship of
the customers with the organisation and would help in better understanding (Theaker, 2017).
Shape n Shake fitness through public relation can create goodwill in the market and create
awareness among the public to use their services and products. Publicity is a critical approach
that can be used by Shape n Shake fitness to build a strong presence in the market.
The advantages of the public relation are listed below:
1. The messages that are spread through public relation influences the audiences that
generate trust as they appear from the objective sources (Pearson, 2017).
2. PR strategy would enable the Shape n Shake fitness to aim and spread the messages
to the target market properly.
3. When compared with the other promotional activities, public relation is much cheaper
regarding cost, but it would help to Shape n Shake fitness to generate good amount
lead that would increase the revenue of the organisation (Pearson, 2017).
4. PR strategy would help to create a right image of Shape n Shake fitness in the
market and thereby attain competitive advantage.
PR also has certain limitations which are listed below:
1. In most of the cases, the market of Shape n Shake fitness would have no direct
control over the message which is delivered to customers (Pearson, 2017).
2. In some cases, the promotional message can turn out to be negative.
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7.6 Sponsorship
Fill & Turnbull (2016) commented that sponsorship is the process of offering financial
support to the organisation, person or the activity in exchange for the brand publicity and the
association. The number of the companies providing sponsorship has increased as it helps to
enhance the awareness about an organisation. Shape n Shake fitness is associated with
staying fit and healthy, and hence it can sponsor different sports events or health campaigns
which would help to increase the goodwill of the organisation but would help in the process
of growing awareness among the customers.
The advantages that Shape n Shake fitness would obtain from sponsorship are listed below:
1. Sponsorship would help to increase the brand awareness of Shape n Shake fitness
which implies an increased number of clients (Camilleri, 2018).
2. Sponsorship would help in increasing the efficiency of Shape n Shake fitness by
creating brand enhancement.
3. It would also help Shape n Shake fitness to tie with other organisation and create an
excellent reputation in the market.
The drawbacks of sponsorship are listed below:
1. Shape n Shake fitness would have limited control over the promotion activity.
2. This is quite costly as it will require an investment of funds (Camilleri, 2018).
8
7.6 Sponsorship
Fill & Turnbull (2016) commented that sponsorship is the process of offering financial
support to the organisation, person or the activity in exchange for the brand publicity and the
association. The number of the companies providing sponsorship has increased as it helps to
enhance the awareness about an organisation. Shape n Shake fitness is associated with
staying fit and healthy, and hence it can sponsor different sports events or health campaigns
which would help to increase the goodwill of the organisation but would help in the process
of growing awareness among the customers.
The advantages that Shape n Shake fitness would obtain from sponsorship are listed below:
1. Sponsorship would help to increase the brand awareness of Shape n Shake fitness
which implies an increased number of clients (Camilleri, 2018).
2. Sponsorship would help in increasing the efficiency of Shape n Shake fitness by
creating brand enhancement.
3. It would also help Shape n Shake fitness to tie with other organisation and create an
excellent reputation in the market.
The drawbacks of sponsorship are listed below:
1. Shape n Shake fitness would have limited control over the promotion activity.
2. This is quite costly as it will require an investment of funds (Camilleri, 2018).
Running Head: INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION PLAN
9
9.0 Monitoring and Evaluation of Program
Monitoring and evaluation help in the collection and the evaluation of the information
regarding a program or project while evaluation program helps to create periodically and
assessment of the organisation or the project that would be carried out by internal or external
evaluators (Serrat, 2017). The development of the IMC program would create a far-reaching
effect on the business of Shape n Shake fitness. Hence, it is essential to monitor and
evaluate the plan to understand the impact that the IMC program would create on the
customers.
The primary advantages of Monitoring and Evaluation for Shape n Shake fitness are listed
below:
1. It helps to assess the effectiveness in attaining the objectives and evaluate the impact on
the lives of the people.
2. Improve the process of undertaking decisions develop a better implementation plan.
3. Empowering and motivating the member of the organisation.
4. Increasing the accountability of the prime stakeholders of the organisation.
Shape n Shake fitness needs to develop useful tools and strategies for the proper evaluation
and the monitoring campaign.
1. Evaluating the aims and objectives: The first stage of the monitoring and evaluation
is the assessment of the goals and the goals of the IMC Plan. Based on the review of
the aims and objectives, it would be possible for IMC to clarify the efficiency of the
activities (Wettstein & Suggs, 2016).
9
9.0 Monitoring and Evaluation of Program
Monitoring and evaluation help in the collection and the evaluation of the information
regarding a program or project while evaluation program helps to create periodically and
assessment of the organisation or the project that would be carried out by internal or external
evaluators (Serrat, 2017). The development of the IMC program would create a far-reaching
effect on the business of Shape n Shake fitness. Hence, it is essential to monitor and
evaluate the plan to understand the impact that the IMC program would create on the
customers.
The primary advantages of Monitoring and Evaluation for Shape n Shake fitness are listed
below:
1. It helps to assess the effectiveness in attaining the objectives and evaluate the impact on
the lives of the people.
2. Improve the process of undertaking decisions develop a better implementation plan.
3. Empowering and motivating the member of the organisation.
4. Increasing the accountability of the prime stakeholders of the organisation.
Shape n Shake fitness needs to develop useful tools and strategies for the proper evaluation
and the monitoring campaign.
1. Evaluating the aims and objectives: The first stage of the monitoring and evaluation
is the assessment of the goals and the goals of the IMC Plan. Based on the review of
the aims and objectives, it would be possible for IMC to clarify the efficiency of the
activities (Wettstein & Suggs, 2016).
Running Head: INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION PLAN
10
2. Change Assumptions: The next stage includes setting the assumptions which imply
that the management needs to consider the changes that Shape n Shake fitness needs
to have after the implementation of IMC plan in the organisation.
3. Information identification: The management of Shape n Shake fitness needs to be
aware of the information that they need to collect for monitoring and evaluating the
success and the failure of the plan. This would help to understand the changes and
alter the perception of variation ((Wettstein & Suggs, 2016).
4. Setting indicators: The management of Shape n Shake fitness needs to establish the
indicators that would help to assess the failure or the efficiency of the IMC plan.
The M&E Plan ought to incorporate a presentation and a marker framework table. The
display ought to quickly depict the points and goals of the program, systems used to get
the information, the arranged mediations to be executed, the first suspicions hidden the
intercession and the foreseen essential deterrents that may affect the undertaking
(Wettstein & Suggs, 2016).
The matrix table of the monitoring and the evaluation of the IMC plan gives an outline of
the task and makes a superior comprehension of the linkages of the different exercises of
the venture. The marker framework ought to be created by the set destinations of the
investment. To operationalise the task, every target will have various exercises detailed.
Hence, Shape n Shake fitness needs to be aware of the different strategies for carrying
out the proper evaluation.
10
2. Change Assumptions: The next stage includes setting the assumptions which imply
that the management needs to consider the changes that Shape n Shake fitness needs
to have after the implementation of IMC plan in the organisation.
3. Information identification: The management of Shape n Shake fitness needs to be
aware of the information that they need to collect for monitoring and evaluating the
success and the failure of the plan. This would help to understand the changes and
alter the perception of variation ((Wettstein & Suggs, 2016).
4. Setting indicators: The management of Shape n Shake fitness needs to establish the
indicators that would help to assess the failure or the efficiency of the IMC plan.
The M&E Plan ought to incorporate a presentation and a marker framework table. The
display ought to quickly depict the points and goals of the program, systems used to get
the information, the arranged mediations to be executed, the first suspicions hidden the
intercession and the foreseen essential deterrents that may affect the undertaking
(Wettstein & Suggs, 2016).
The matrix table of the monitoring and the evaluation of the IMC plan gives an outline of
the task and makes a superior comprehension of the linkages of the different exercises of
the venture. The marker framework ought to be created by the set destinations of the
investment. To operationalise the task, every target will have various exercises detailed.
Hence, Shape n Shake fitness needs to be aware of the different strategies for carrying
out the proper evaluation.
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Running Head: INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION PLAN
11
References
Andrews, J. C., & Shimp, T. A. (2017). Advertising, promotion, and other aspects of
integrated marketing communications. Ontario: Nelson Education.
Camilleri, M. A. (2018). Integrated Marketing Communications. In Travel Marketing,
Tourism Economics and the Airline Product (pp. 85-103). Springer, Cham.
Faruque, S. A., Khatun, M. A., & Rahman, M. S. (2016). Modelling a direct marketing
campaign on social networks.International Journal of Business Information
Systems, 22(4), 422-435.
Fill, C. & Turnbull, S., (2016). Marketing Communications. Pearson Higher Ed.
Jhally, S. (2014). The codes of advertising: Fetishism and the political economy of meaning
in the consumer society. London: Routledge.
Kannan, P. K. (2017). Digital marketing: A framework, review and research
agenda. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 34(1), 22-45.
Leiss, W., Kline, S., Jhally, S., Botterill, J., & Asquith, K. (2018). Social communication in
advertising. London: Routledge.
Pearson, R. (2017). Business ethics as communication ethics: Public relations practice and
the idea of dialogue. In Public relations theory (pp. 111-131). London: Routledge.
Risselada, H., Verhoef, P. C., & Bijmolt, T. H. (2014). Dynamic effects of social influence
and direct marketing on the adoption of high-technology products. Journal of
Marketing, 78(2), 52-68.
Serrat, O. (2017). The future of social marketing. Knowledge solutions (pp. 119-128).
Springer, Singapore.
11
References
Andrews, J. C., & Shimp, T. A. (2017). Advertising, promotion, and other aspects of
integrated marketing communications. Ontario: Nelson Education.
Camilleri, M. A. (2018). Integrated Marketing Communications. In Travel Marketing,
Tourism Economics and the Airline Product (pp. 85-103). Springer, Cham.
Faruque, S. A., Khatun, M. A., & Rahman, M. S. (2016). Modelling a direct marketing
campaign on social networks.International Journal of Business Information
Systems, 22(4), 422-435.
Fill, C. & Turnbull, S., (2016). Marketing Communications. Pearson Higher Ed.
Jhally, S. (2014). The codes of advertising: Fetishism and the political economy of meaning
in the consumer society. London: Routledge.
Kannan, P. K. (2017). Digital marketing: A framework, review and research
agenda. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 34(1), 22-45.
Leiss, W., Kline, S., Jhally, S., Botterill, J., & Asquith, K. (2018). Social communication in
advertising. London: Routledge.
Pearson, R. (2017). Business ethics as communication ethics: Public relations practice and
the idea of dialogue. In Public relations theory (pp. 111-131). London: Routledge.
Risselada, H., Verhoef, P. C., & Bijmolt, T. H. (2014). Dynamic effects of social influence
and direct marketing on the adoption of high-technology products. Journal of
Marketing, 78(2), 52-68.
Serrat, O. (2017). The future of social marketing. Knowledge solutions (pp. 119-128).
Springer, Singapore.
Running Head: INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION PLAN
12
Stone, M. D., & Woodcock, N. D. (2014). Interactive, direct and digital marketing: A future
that depends on the better use of business intelligence. Journal of Research in
Interactive Marketing, 8(1), 4-17.
Theaker, A., (2017). What are public relations?. The Public Relations Strategic Toolkit (pp.
17-27). London: Routledge.
Tiago, M. T. & Veríssimo, J. M. C. (2014). Digital marketing and social media: Why
bother?. Business Horizons, 57(6), 703-708.
van Heerde, H. J., & Neslin, S. A. (2017). Sales promotion models. In Handbook of
marketing decision models (pp. 13-77). Springer, Cham.
Wettstein, D., & Suggs, L. S. (2016). Is it social marketing? The benchmarks meet the social
marketing indicator. Journal of Social Marketing, 6(1), 2-17.
12
Stone, M. D., & Woodcock, N. D. (2014). Interactive, direct and digital marketing: A future
that depends on the better use of business intelligence. Journal of Research in
Interactive Marketing, 8(1), 4-17.
Theaker, A., (2017). What are public relations?. The Public Relations Strategic Toolkit (pp.
17-27). London: Routledge.
Tiago, M. T. & Veríssimo, J. M. C. (2014). Digital marketing and social media: Why
bother?. Business Horizons, 57(6), 703-708.
van Heerde, H. J., & Neslin, S. A. (2017). Sales promotion models. In Handbook of
marketing decision models (pp. 13-77). Springer, Cham.
Wettstein, D., & Suggs, L. S. (2016). Is it social marketing? The benchmarks meet the social
marketing indicator. Journal of Social Marketing, 6(1), 2-17.
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