International Security Challenges and China's Rise

The provided assignment delves into the complexities of international security, emphasizing the impact of China's ascension on global stability. It draws from various sources, including books, journals, and online articles, to analyze the geopolitical dynamics, economic factors, and environmental concerns related to China's rise. The study highlights the need for governments to implement measures ensuring national security amidst global uncertainty.

International
Security

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION A.....................................................................................................................................1
2.1 The three most significant strategic challenges, arising from the strategic environment, that
Australia faces over the next decade (as indicated in the latest Australian Defence White
Paper)? Ranking and analysing the three challenges by discussing their implications for
Australian foreign and defence policy.........................................................................................1
SECTION B.....................................................................................................................................3
3.1 Does the rise of China pose a threat to international security?..............................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
International security is considered as combination of diverse measures which are taken
from the international authorities for protection of nations and well-being. In present report,
diverse strategic challenges in terms of security will be discussed. Also, the reason behind rise of
China pose a threat to international security will be identified.
SECTION A
2.1 The three most significant strategic challenges, arising from the strategic environment that
Australia faces over the next decade (as indicated in the latest Australian Defence White Paper)?
Ranking and analysing the three challenges by discussing their implications for Australian
foreign and defence policy
It is in context to Australia’s changing strategic environment where it is living in a highly
uncertain situation with an increasing awareness of risk. It is on considering as fact where
international system is stated to have an instable nature with plentiful changes in all vital areas of
economics, military spending, resources, demographics, technology and environmental strains.
This also involves yet another pivotal concern of other influential states and their behaviour that
has been delineated in wide-ranging future scanning investigations carried out by defence
agencies and Western intelligence system (Galliott, 2016). However, all these factors have been
considered to be paramount in worsening the strategic environment of Australia and has led this
nation to face several relatable challenges. This directly indicates a clear upsurge in tactical risks
to nation’s interests where current public declarations have not presented any direct verdict on
this score of Australian defence and security. Although, there together exists various undesirable
changes that are taking place with no clear insight of its end. Hence, the accretion of risks to
Australia’s interests is bigger than ever before which has been observed after the end of the Cold
War. Considering the same, the three most substantial tactical challenges arising from the
strategic environment of Australia are as ranked and analysed below-
1. Changing climate- This is stated to be a national issue of security where it also possesses
an important and enduring alteration in the dispersal of weather patterns over eras. It is on
considering a time lag of decades to millions of years. This is yet again on considering
the fact of a differentiating change in climate today where this is due to a fast warming
rate of the Earth than ever before with a vital role of humans in it. This in turn has created
some serious concerns of energy shortage in US where in Australia, it has led to three
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main threats of national security that involves, global uncertainty, homeland safety and
military infrastructure.
a. Global uncertainty- It is mainly in context to such type of interruptions that will
directly lead to problem both citizens as well as the military institutes in the
nation that will in turn hinder the activities of US military to a great extent
(Glasson, Therivel and Chadwick, 2013). It is also in accordance to the National
Intelligence Council, the world’s resources are also at stake by the end of the year,
2025. This is mainly due to a record breaking growth in the economy where near
about 1.5 billion individuals are expected to do so. These resources are referred to
be the basis sources of living such as energy, water and food where a rising
specter of shortages developing as a surpassing supply of the demand. If global
level values are not being considered in respect to activities then it will affect the
overall outcome. By having an changes in measures at global level the issues can
be overcome.
b. Homeland safety- This is on considering yet another concerning agenda within
this tactical issue where such rapid change in the climate is expected to present
fears to Australia’s infrastructure, economy, agriculture and population. Such
climatic change is thereby referred to make a direct impact on Australia’s
homeland by together endangering the safety of its inhabitants to a great extent.
Some life-threatening atmospheric events demonstrates that the climatic change in
US are tremendously complex in nature as compared to a simple escalation in
temperatures (Chapman, 2017). Due to which, each of their regions are likely to
get influenced in a distinct manner. It is therefore a matter of concern for the
policy makers where they are hereby required to assess such distinct regional
consequences to further plan for responding to the adaptation. After which, the
military will be enquired to respond to such events that are not only likely to be
expensive but are also expected to take away the resources from answering global
fears.
c. Military infrastructure- Climate change is known to poses pricey fears to the
military infrastructure of US by together undermining pressures to worldwide
connections that holds a tactical significance to US soldierly (Medcalf and Brown,
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2014). Australian forces are thereby advised to get prepared for such
unpredictable variations by saving the military funds at a global level. For this
purpose, US must invest in the choices of adaptation that are effective as well as
multidimensional in nature. Any kind of changes in terms of military
infrastructure might create an issue. It has been noticed that through application of
US soldierly standards the overall practice can be promoted in positive manner.
2. American competitiveness and trade- This is mainly in context to certain weak structural
status of US in terms of economy with a greater influence on Australia. This is where the
corporate tax reforms are required to be taken up seriously. It is however due to having a
highest tax rate in the industrial world that is leading to disregard inner investment by
together discontinuing huge quantities of overseas incomes to be bought again in US
(Smith and Scribner, 2017). Considering this, it is important for Australia to make a
positive use of TPP and TTIP agreements where it presents a major prospect for a stable
establishment of American leadership. Herein, economic negotiation and statecraft are
also required to be supported where the department of commerce trade missions, OPIC,
state departments operates for enabling the Australian businesses, Ex- Im TDA are
required to be supported from their legislative assembly.
3. Future of energy- Energy is referred to be both strategic and geo-political challenge for
US where it often predicts to be an opportunity as well. It is on considering the
transformations taking place in the international energy market with the formation of new
energy sources along with their commercialization. The energy safety in the energy
market is expected to be very dissimilar in the upcoming years in comparison to the
statistics of the former 50 years (Ross and Tunsjo, 2017). There exist two vital elements
in the energy market of US that involves a foremost requirement of transportation like oil
and generation of electricity like solar power or natural gas, etc. It is due to a rising
technology of electronic car, both of these elements are expected to mix up from the
availability of new supply resources that are highly efficient for use. Although, the policy
makers are hereby required to clearly understand such new framework for benefitting
themselves from the opportunities by together mitigating the existing challenges.
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SECTION B
3.1 Does the rise of China pose a threat to international security?
Rise of China has been realised as a typical political procedure supporting the ruling
Communist Party where its members are required to prop up the legality of their party after a
permanent change of nation from Cultural Revolution. It has however led to 3 calamities namely,
philosophical credence, trust in CPC along with a sureness in the future (Renic, 2012). It is after
being realised by the party where they clearly acknowledged the importance of performance-
based validity where it was considered to be the only expectation for extending their rule, when
economic growth became the topmost politics. It is on considering a factor where the victory of
monetary evolution is expected to cause political inferences where the external bodies are
sensibly required to be observed for further getting assessed by China's fellow citizens. This
mainly refers to one of the well-known global force US.
The cause behind America’s fear chiefly arises from its hegemonic position in the
political globe and the philosophical unsuitability of China within Western value system. China's
remarkable financial development has duly persuaded the West by convincing them that it’s only
a matter of time and will continue till China becomes a global force (Fierke, 2015). However, it’s
a philosophical alignment that has given a revolutionary supremacy to China that is intimidating
both international construction and status of US. Three distinct argumentations are built to verify
the concerning agenda of China as a threat. This involves three different type of factors including
philosophical and cultural factors, geo-economics and geopolitical factors and downfall of
China.
For several states, the continued economic, military and political rise of China is
progressively regarded as a likely hazard to worldwide safety. The quick step within which
China has mastered its social alteration is debatable without any historical differentiation.
China’s steady rise in soldierly expenditure along with its adherence to modernise the
competences of its forces, is quoted US (Liff and Ikenberry, 2014). This indicated as a clear
indication of its rising potential to impend into worldwide safety. This fear was apparent in the
review done by Quadrennial Defence in the year 2006 that cited China to have the biggest
potential of contending analytically with US. This review has together emphasised upon the
ability of China in fielding the expertise of their forces that could hamper the traditional benefits
to US military forces.
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US has together shown a rising concern over the competence of China’s general military
forces where they are determined to fulfil their nuclear determination. It is as per the emphasised
report of Nuclear Posture review in the year 2010 that mentioned about China’s both quantitative
and qualitative transformation of its nuclear fund (Kydd, 2015). This report called Nuclear
Review Report (NPRR) together stated about a relative deficiency in the transparency of this
approach where it in turn indicated to grow as both regional and global concern with a special
context of US. Beside this, China’s reinforced forces are known to unite with an apparent rise in
regional antipathy where it resultantly created an extra fear of international safety.
Apart from the above concerning developments in China, its military progressions have
together contributed in its fiscal development that has been sustained at an incomparable pace.
The dramatic ascent in China’s economy from the last 25 years has altered the dynamics of both
regional and worldwide power. This is however considered to be a likely reason of international
insecurity in the future (Betts, 2017). Many pragmatists like Mearsheimer have hereby claimed
that in case such prompt regulatory development of China over the upcoming eras can led to an
intense safety related rivalry among China and US by together resulting in creating a state of
war. It is therefore for a much precise assessment of China’s ability in disrupting international
security, the policy makers and other concerned bodies are suggested to undertake a copious
scrutiny of China’s present and likely forte as a nation, accompanied by logical results.
This is on analysing the foreign policies adopted by China that has revealed that its
development in an influential power will present a negligible risk to international security. It is
among those who have increasingly claimed that China establishes a substantial hazard to
worldwide steadiness have drawn judgements amongst the existing resistance of US and China
(The dangers of a rising China, 2010). This has together referred to the Cold-War affiliation
among US and U.S.S.R which is misleading in several ways. This is on considering an
inconsequential cold war that was found to be based upon certain mismatched philosophies. It is
also on considering the beliefs of many pessimists who states that China and US are destined to
remain as rivals. It is however due to a fact where both these nations are known to has distinct
visions for creating a good society and believes to operate in a completely different way.
Also, China’s rising supremacy is apparent to keep them determined and continuing
doing powerful things in the globe.US in contrast to which, is expected to unavoidably resist at
granting its superiority. Though being right about such judgement for China, it is not important
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to treat them as an opponent (Nathan and Scobell, 2015). It is in contradiction to the Soviet
Union and the European powers of 19th century, China is neither interested in the work of
disseminating its philosophy, nor looking to accumulate new territories. Considering this, many
have specified various common things among China and US where both of them are benefited
from the trend of globalisation and open market. From which, both of these nations are able to
purchase raw materials and are also considering trading their exports.
CONCLUSION
As per above study, it can be concluded that international security has diverse challenges
so government must ensure about measures. Global uncertainty is also in accordance to the
National Intelligence Council, the world’s resources are also at stake by the end of the year,
2025. By having an effective understanding of western conditions the China pose a threat to
international security
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REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Betts, R.K. ed., 2017. Conflict after the Cold War: arguments on causes of war and peace.
Taylor & Francis.
Chapman, B., 2017. GEOPOLITICS OF THE 2016 AUSTRALIAN DEFENSE WHITE PAPER
AND ITS PREDECESSORS. Geopolitics, History & International Relations. 9(1).
Fierke, K.M., 2015. Critical approaches to international security. John Wiley & Sons.
Galliott, J., 2016. Defending Australia in the digital age: toward full spectrum defence. Defence
Studies. 16(2). pp.157-175.
Glasson, J., Therivel, R. and Chadwick, A., 2013. Introduction to environmental impact
assessment. Routledge.
Kydd, A.H., 2015. Pulling the Plug: Can There Be a Deal with China on Korean Unification?.
The Washington Quarterly. 38(2). pp.63-77.
Liff, A.P. and Ikenberry, G.J., 2014. Racing toward tragedy?: China's rise, military competition
in the asia pacific, and the security dilemma. International Security. 39(2). pp.52-91.
Nathan, A.J. and Scobell, A., 2015. China's search for security. Columbia University Press.
Ross, R.S. and Tunsjo, O. eds., 2017. Strategic Adjustment and the Rise of China: Power and
Politics in East Asia. Cornell University Press.
Online
Medcalf, R. and Brown, J., 2014. Defence Challenges 2035: Securing Australia's Lifelines.
[Online]. Available through: <https://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/defence-
challenges-2035-securing-australias-lifelines> [Accessed on 31st October 2017].
Renic, N., 2012. ‘Rising China’: A Threat to International Security?. [Online]. Available
through: <http://www.e-ir.info/2012/04/13/rising-china-a-threat-to-international-security/>
[Accessed on 31st October 2017].
Smith, F. L. and Scribner, M., 2017. A Trade Policy to Boost American Competitiveness.
[Online]. Available through: <http://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/2017/01/24/trade-
policy-to-boost-american-competitiveness.html> [Accessed on 31st October 2017].
The dangers of a rising China. 2010. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.economist.com/node/17629709> [Accessed on 31st October 2017].
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