Motivation and Two Factor Theory of Herzberg

The assignment discusses the importance of motivation in any company, using Herzberg's two-factor theory to explain how employees' dissatisfaction can be reduced by identifying and fulfilling their social needs. The document also mentions Maslow's hierarchy of needs as another motivational theory. It provides a conclusion on how Jack store uses various techniques to motivate employees, increasing productivity and employee morale.

Introduction to business
studies

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................1
Analyse different motivational theories......................................................................................1
Advantages and limitation of Maslow's need hierarchical theory..............................................2
Advantages and limitation of Herzberg's motivation hygiene theory.........................................5
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Study which provides the knowledge, understanding and skills which is needed for productive
work or activity is known as business study. Tesco has started a new discount chain jack store
that promotes to be the cheapest in town. Study will define the different motivational theories
and techniques which will help to Jack store for motivating employees.
TASK 3
Analyse different motivational theories
Motivation is the process of motivating people that help in accomplish the goals.
Motivation theories provide an insight what makes an employee perform better (Stoyanov,
2017). Some of the most important motivation theories are- Maslow's need theory, Herzberg's
two factor theory.
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Illustration 1: Maslow's need hierarchy theory
Source: (Motivational theories, 2014)

Maslow's need theory- The most important theory of motivation is maslow's hierarchy
theory that is related to human needs. Maslow identifies the five levels of need :
Physiological needs- These are the basic needs which are very essential for every human
being like food, shelter, clothing. There are some employees who earn money only because of
fulfilling their basic needs. In order to motivate that type of employees jack store use this need
theory, by this employees will fulfil their families basic needs.
Safety Needs- Safety needs shows the needs of security like job security and work
related security. It also includes work safety, job security and health insurance which will be
very helpful for Jack store because every person want this type of needs.
Social needs- Man is a social being. Social needs refer to the need to have relationships
with others (Bouzenita and et.al., 2016). Firm can lay emphasises on building relationship in the
organisation which creates feeling of belongingness in the mind of employees which is very
necessary for staying motivated.
Esteem needs- This includes such needs which indicates self-confidence, achievement,
knowledge and independence. By giving respect to employees company can motivate their
employees and by this employees will feel secure, respected and worthwhile. This will help
employees to acquire new skills and belongingness.
Self actualisation needs- After satisfying the all needs, the higher and final step of
development are called self reality. It refers to the need for personal growth and development. A
self-actualized person takes responsibilities and maximizes his potential, does the best that he is
capable of doing.
Advantages and limitation of need theory of Maslow
The need theory of Maslow can improve the performance level of employees. Employees
perform the best job with their ability without wasting the time and resources which will be
helpful to Jack store as it wants to win from the Aldi and Lidl (Fallatah and Syed, 2018). On the
other hand maslow's need hierarchical theory does not show the method of measuring needs of
the person. As a HR assistant at Jack store, they can not measure the satisfaction of the person
because human needs can not be predicted. This theory is easy to understand and applicable so it
helps to HR in understanding that how to motivate the employees.
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Herzberg's two factors theory- This theory of Herzberg is also known as two-factor
theory of job satisfaction and motivation. These includes those factors which are important for
motivating employees at workplace. (Alshmemri and et.al., 2017). These factors do not satisfy
for long term but their absenteeism at workplace become the reason of dissatisfaction.
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Illustration 2: Herzberg's two factors theory of motivation
Sources (Herzberg Theory, 2018)

Hygiene factors- These factors include company policies, pay and the important things
which are essential for employees.
Pay-. Salary shows employees their job value and job performance and it is the important
thing which every employee looks for fulfilling their all the needs (Lazaroiu, 2015). Good and
appropriate salary give them job satisfaction. Company should give appropriate and reasonable
pay and salary for motivating them.
Company policies- Company policies should not be too complicated and non-
understandable. It should easy and clear that everyone can easily understand. Policies which
include flexible work hours can be use as motivation because by flexible work hours employees
can live their social life with the job and the liberty of doing work from home, saves their time.
Physical working condition- The working condition and work place should be safe and
clean because employees spend a large portion of the day at work and every employee wants to
be healthy and safe (De Vito and et.al., 2018). Working in a good condition make them feel safe
and secure and disease free which decrease absenteeism so Jack store can motivate their
employees by using this.
Interpersonal relations- Organisation must provide appropriate relationships to the
employees with his superiors, subordinates and colleagues (Selakovic, Ristic and Qureshi, 2017).
Workplace is called the second home for employees and employees feel good and make
themselves as a family member and never feel hesitated in asking something from the manager.
Job security- It is the important factor of satisfaction, if employees do not feel secure
with their job it leads them to move on to another company so organisation should focus on the
job security to their employees.
B. Motivational factors- According to Herzberg the hygiene factors can not be regarded as
motivators. These factors are called satisfiers. Motivational factors include-
Recognition- Manager should praise and recognise to the employees for their better
performance. By praising and recognition employees will feel satisfied and valued for their
contribution (Buchanan and et.al., 2018). It is a very important motivational way which Jack
store can use for their employees.
Growth and promotional opportunities- Manager should give the advancement
opportunities to their efficient employees to motivate them to perform well. By getting promoted
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to higher level, employees feel themselves responsible and it increases their morale and new
employees will try to work hard for getting promotion.
Advantages and limitation of two factors theory of Herzberg
The main advantage of this theory which impact on Jack store is that it focuses on the
problems of employees because most of the manager thinks that giving salary is enough for the
satisfaction of employees but when company uses this theory then it comes to know about
employees problems, hence, by using this theory company can reduce the factors which
dissatisfy the employees. In contrast, it has some limitations also that it ignores external factors
which plays a big role for example if competitor company is paying the higher salary for same
job profile than employees will not be satisfied with the company.
CONCLUSION
From the above study it has been concluded that motivation played a very big role in any
company. In order to motivate employees jack store uses various techniques like fulfilling social
needs of workers. These techniques helped his firm positively as it has increased productivity
and motivated employees.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Alshmemri and et.al., 2017. Herzberg’s two-factor theory. Life Science Journal. 14(5). pp.12-16.
Bouzenita and et.al., 2016. Maslow's hierarchy of needs: An Islamic critique. Intellectual
Discourse. 24(1). p.59.
Buchanan and et.al., 2018. High performance work systems: The digital experience. Routledge.
De Vito and et.al., 2018. Employee motivation based on the hierarchy of needs, expectancy and
the two-factor theories applied with higher education employees. IJAMEE.
Fallatah, R.H.M. and Syed, J., 2018. A Critical Review of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
In Employee Motivation in Saudi Arabia (pp. 19-59). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Lazaroiu, G., 2015. Employee motivation and job performance. Linguistic and Philosophical
Investigations, 14, p.97.
M.R., Selakovic Ristic,, M. and Qureshi, T.M., 2017. Employee motivation strategies and
creation of supportive work environment in societies of post-socialist
transformation. Polish Journal of Management Studies.15.
Stoyanov, S., 2017. A theory of human motivation. Macat Library.
Online
Motivational theories. 2014. (ONLINE) Available
thought :<https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-needs-theory-motivating-employees-
with-maslows-hierarchy-of-needs.html>
Herzberg Theory. 2018. (ONLINE) Available thought
:<https://expertprogrammanagement.com/2018/04/herzbergs-two-factor-theory/>
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