Introduction to Information Technology

This article discusses the importance of information technology in the modern world and its impact on businesses. It covers ethical and social issues, types of software, and the role of IT in management of business. The article also includes a case study of Morrisons, a UK-based supermarket chain.

Introduction to Information
Technology

ABSTRACT
Information technology in the upgraded world that is becoming more important part of
the human life. The information technology has more vital factors within the organisation that is
very efficient and effective which includes the cloud computing and big data analytic. From this,
it leads to reach novel goods that are launched and more buyers. With IT’s help, the management
is able to take more wise decisions and also offers the satisfaction on results to the buyers that
leads to create solid relationship. However, the organisation faces more social and ethical issues
which also pertain to the general information technology which includes the privacy protection.
ICT has more effective and efficient the business and has more impact on consumer needs. There
is also an effect of intranet and internet on companies’ business and there is wide role of IT in
the management of the business.

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
Discuss the various types of software. Which one is more important and software can exist
independent of hardware?.......................................................................................................5
Ethical & social issues are increasingly becoming significant in the digital world. Identify &
analyse the importance of them to run venture......................................................................6
The (ICT) Information Communication Technology makes the business more effective and
efficient while responding to the consumers needs. Discuss the effect of intranet and internet
on the businesses....................................................................................................................7
Discuss the role of IT in management of business and how it helps the managers...............9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Information technology can be defined as the system which studies the
telecommunications and especially computers to store, transfer and retrieve the information. This
helps to protect the data and also to look after the protection of database. This IT involves the
other storage tools, the usage if networking to exchange all different types of electric data (Alam,
2020). This technology defines the methods, skills and process that is being used for the specific
production of services and goods. Morrisons is the business company which chosen for this
project, this is the fourth biggest chain of supermarket that operates in United Kingdom and this
firm has its headquarters in England, West Yorkshire, Branford. This project also analysis the
crucial role of system software which operates in business. However, the company faces more
social and ethical issues that also helps in pertaining the basic information technology that also
includes the privacy protection. ICT has more effectiveness and efficiency on the business and
has more impression on purchaser needs. There is also an effect of intranet and internet on firms’
business and there is big role of IT in the management of the corporate.
Literature Review
According to Anupma shukla, 2014 system software is the kind of service which is being
demanded by the company or the nation. This also involves the search engines which has no use
in making the business more beneficial and profitable and also ensures the good working. This
system software is divided into specific application software which are oracle (ORCL) and
Microsoft (MSFT) and these are basic components in software industry.
In accordance of Dave yardle, 2018 this has spread light in digital transformation that
helps the organisation to record the firm’s huge data and also to response the drivers of market in
very precise way. There is want of ethics in every company which is been needed for more
efficient functioning and there are few of the successful transformation from which trust and
integrity is well maintained as the challenges of technology that are faced by the firm. There are
few of the ethical problems which are classified briefly in further study. Security data is more
important in the company and also has some more confidential details and that is not be shared.

According to Prof. Nassef, 2019 the term information communication technology (ICT) has
reduced the demand of face-to-face communication which has resulted into greater economic
activity. The suggestion for ICT promotes mass collection of companies. The search of
recruitment and job through internet offers more efficiency and potential gains to the market of
labours and the economy also decreases the cost transaction and also provide more better
working environment for employees of the company and vacancies throw diffusing information
for job worldwide.
Analysis and discussion
Discuss the various types of software. Which one is more important and software can exist
independent of hardware?
Types of software: There are three main computer software which runs the system: the utility
software, the system software and application software.
System Software: The software has three layers and the system software is the layer which
comes in bottom. This is set between the application software and hardware. The operating
system like Android, Windows, iOS and macOS are the examples of this software (Chege and
Wang, 2020). Operating system are installed into RAM and then only the device starts and also
has the access to the hard drive.
Utility Software: This software is the part of system software which performs precise tasks
which keeps the computer working. Utility software has the feature that it always runs in the
background. For example, optimisation and security software are main example of utility
software. Optimisation programs includes tools like file compression, clean-up, disk
defragmentation. This keeps hard drive tidy and these tools are basically installed as the part of
operating system. The security programs have anti-virus software which removes and scans
viruses. Most of the computer system has anti-virus software.
Application Software: The software does not fall in the category of utility software and
operating software is Application software like web browser, spreadsheet, word processor and
graphics software. These applications are used only for specific tasks. The application software
can be added and removed from the computer system. Application software such as word
processor directs regularly the operating system which helps to save files and load them from the

hard drive. The on-going file save in RAM temporarily. If you do not save any changes, you can
lose the data. The RAM has volatile data storage. If the RAM loses the power data can be lost.
System software is also referred as operating system and this programme is also connected which
also helps the computer to work effectively and enables the system to work. This also do help in
providing the platform for the structure software that is completely has relation to network,
hardware and all software and they work together (Bearman, Tai and et,al., 2020). Operating
system is the main part of the computer which manage and controls the whole system of
computer and this is also the part of computer which works together on different task like
transferring the information within the internal representation and the different task which
ensures correct and better functioning into the business. This is also rendered the programs that
moves any specific application or petition software. The system software is that kind of software
which helps to identify the main issues via the application software and this is the compounds the
computer and do not contain the task that profits the end users.
Ethical & social issues are increasingly becoming significant in the digital world. Identify &
analyse the importance of them to run venture.
Information technology can store, transfer and fetch to the end users in the way to make
them understand for the connected task inside the company. There is various type of information
technology which leads to have huge shift into the society and this also gives access towards the
ample of information. There are some specific social and ethnical issues that are given beneath:
Ethical Issues
Personal privacy- Security of data is the main issues for disclosing of the information
and data for the person’s privacy as the information and the data will be transferred into high
quantity via various networks. The IT also simplifying the usage of software, hardware,
operating tools and specific tools which are connected to one another to maintain the privacy and
the information with integrity and that is the main challenges for Morrisons.
Access rights- In IT and cyberspace, in the way to access the correct information, this
can be counted as the main issue with the use of latest technology. From non-verified source, the
safety of network is not assured (Susan, 2021). Morrison has offered information system which
saves the details of the users from which the user can face major issues.
Harmful actions- In computer ethics, the destructive activities lead towards the negative
effect or also damages the IT that also includes information, ownership and loss of property. The

Morrisons has undesirable effect within the market that will also leads to have use of technology
and this also has impact into the loss of any workers and the general public.
Social Issues
Breakdown of communication- This is evaluated that the social issues being the most of
people are busy in their computer system, mobile phones which break the leads to decrease the
bond and communication. But because to the digitalisation. Technology has been improving in
the daily life of the costumer like getting online delivery of the items they have purchased and
online payment transactions that directly leads to cut down the interaction socially. In situation
of Morrisons, there is a lack of communication within the group of people which creates and
highlights the risk via less visit to the shops and making online payments.
Identity theft- The fraud is the major social difficulty because the information will be
easily defined through the personal data and computer of the consumers and the employees
which is used by the other third party for the purpose by the relation of damaging some specific
tasks and by also conducting the transaction online (Ghobakhloo, 2020). In the way to store the
information of Morrison’s workers and consumers has to keep privacy through which fraud can
be avoided.
Online banking- The online banking service are provided by firm Morrisons to the
consumers in situation to finish the transactions by the help of their cell phones. As the online
payments are used everywhere that can also insures the fear of wrong payments and frauds. In
situation to Morrisons, there will be huge chance of hacking of computer systems or mobile
phone that leads to theft of personal details and the money.
The (ICT) Information Communication Technology makes the business more effective and
efficient while responding to the consumers needs. Discuss the effect of intranet and
internet on the businesses.
ICT has all advanced digital technology that helps and assists company, business and individuals
by using information. This covers all the products which are electronic that can also deal with
information in the form of digital. However, ICT is concerned with retrieval, digital data storage
and transmission.
ICT makes business of Morrison more efficient and effective and also promptly respond to the
needs of consumers. ICT also assist all the activities of business of Morrison that includes R&D,
design, sales, manufacturing and feedback. ICT has reduced the demand of face-to-face

communication and this results in better economy activity and more profit for the company
Morrison. The company can easily offer potential gains to employees within the market by
reducing cost in many other fields(Prince, 2017). The people have easy access to recruitment,
jobs and vacancies of the company Morrison and can also diffuse the information about job
widely. This term includes the analysis which effects the information communication
technologies on various aspects like growth and development. This also covers areas like
economic, technological and financial aspects and this impact on the important role of ICT in
many facilitating a huge range of transaction and services like online services and online banking
that is provided by the firm Morrison. This reflects the authentication methods that is used
different online services and online banking. ICT also facilitates the access and supply of varied
range of increasing efficiency in corporations and institutions, financial services, promoting,
reducing costs and also enhances the communication, these are the major way of development. In
addition, this covers areas like liking the information and communication technologies shows the
crucial role of ICT in urbanization and delivering services of urban areas. In 21st century ICT has
promoted and also ensured the urbanization but this also brings more challenges which are
attained by economic development and a good standard of living of people. However, in global
market the big data being a tool helps to develop a big amount of digital data this supports the
decision making which helps to generate actionable policy makers. This shows the main role of
the big data as the tool which promotes different aspects of development in ICT.
The effects of Internet and Intranet on the business:
While throwing light on the effect of internet and intranet in business, the internet generates
more opportunities for information retrieval, networking, sales, communications and marketing.
The firm Morrison can use the internet to sell company’s final goods to consumers who belong
to other places and are in distance (Demestichas and Daskalakis, 2020). The company like
Morrison uses internet to interact with clients, consumers and government and also the various
members like industry, helps gather the information and build awareness about the target market.
The firm Morrison also uses the internet for sharing internal communications and other
information through electronic devices.
Intranets serves the company’s needs of digital communications. Intranets also provides secure
space for accessing, storing and developing electronic information and goods. By the use of
intranet, the unlike like old business solutions now in recent time companies has produced big

gains in reducing errors and also by speeding the workflows and efficiency of employees of
company Morrison. Some certain intranet applications include offline websites that test the
functionality before going further online, many employees of the company can access the same
files from anywhere, internet email systems deliver instant software messages and digital
reference databases which helps in looking for figures and facts.
Discuss the role of IT in management of business and how it helps the managers.
The role of IT in business can be seen as how the organisation can help the firm to become more
productive, streamline communications, increases performance, enhances the managerial making
of decisions, save money and improvement in consumer experience (Saeidi, Mardani and
et,al.,2019). This plays very important role and also help the company like Morrison to expand
there products sales worldwide and also provides the firm’s information access to staff easily
from anywhere and whenever they want. Here are few points which explains the role of IT in
business in elaborated way:
Improves organisational communication- The important usage of technology in business is
only for one factor that is communication via platforms like video chat, email, conferencing
software, basic internet and firms’ intranets. IT allows companies to run their business easily and
hold all the virtual meetings by the managers and their client and staffs all around the globe
without spending money and time on travel. At the similar time, the workers have access to
collaborate their work from any location and share the information remotely. The managers have
easy data and task access and being on one place they can figure out all the data related to
company Morrison without moving from one to another. This saves managers and company’s
time and cost and then company can use this cost in some other task and platforms like
marketing. The managers also use IT platform to address the consumer concerns through social
media and work it on more efficiently.
More efficient in daily operations- Other role of IT in business is to improve the productivity
and efficiency in operations of the firm Morrison so the task can be completed in cheaper and
quicker way. This usually happens by the help of company’s software and a centralized
enterprise database. The company managers can use inventory management software rather than
by physically counting and monitor the inventory itself. The software provides checks real time
levels, also are helpful in sending reports to the managers and also trigger the order when there is
less supply of products. The software customer relationship management has automatic feature

to analysis the marketing tasks and common sales like tracking metrics, sending promotions and
also generate leads. the firm Morrison will also have benefit of all featured company resource
planning software which make it easier to manage human resource and manage the tasks,
generate invoices, monitors supply chain and make purchases.
Better customer experience- IT makes easier to provide better experience of consumer via
improved service, e-commerce and easier customized marketing. This helps managers to manage
the consumer easily by not being available anytime and anywhere. The loyal costumer reached to
the firm in office hours and also after the official hours on there website, official web page with
the help of social media, e mails and instant consumer message services (Samimi, 2020). The
managers can also keep track on the customers previous purchases with help of marketing
software, Morrison company can also send customized promotions which will meet better
consumer’s wants and this result in more sales. Consumers also have benefit to purchase the
goods and services from the firm’s website, and this reflects less work for managers, less time
and cost used and more revenue and profit for the firm which leads to success of the company
Morrison.
Information technology and business Decision-Making- The role of IT in management
making decision is reflected with on tool which is ERP software and decision support systems
which helps the managers of the firm to see the performance data in current time by this manager
have opportunity to have more informed decisions. Such software presents the online dashboard
which contains information about the organisation’s customers, finances, marketing and sales
and inventory levels. Managers will have chance to use all the data to decide which final good
should be promoted and which should be stop selling, which consumers need support, where to
cut down the expenses and where to place material order and supply orders.

CONCLUSION
From the above project, this can be concluded that Information technology is having a
significant impact on business as a whole, which is encouraging innovation as technology
develops. These are the factors that they can use to guarantee both increased profitability. As the
business maintains a separate IT department where all relevant files can be maintained, all
necessary documents are kept there. As technology advances, organisations must deal with a
variety of ethical and societal issues. Moreover, the IT contains the advance digital technology
that is ICT which helps the firm to assists by providing information. ICT covers all the electronic
deal of information. It supports the business by digital data storage, transmission and retrieval.
The platform like internet and intranet make job easy for the company, such as they provide easy
information about the goods and services to the consumer online throw website etc. and intranets
of the company provides security of storing and using the electronic digital communication. At
the end, IT helps the company to manage the management by facilitating improved
organisational communication, advanced decision making, efficient daily operation and good
customer experience.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Alam, T., 2020. Cloud Computing and its role in the Information Technology. IAIC Transactions on
Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI), 1(2), pp.108-115.
Bearman, M., Dawson, P. and Tai, J., 2020. Digitally mediated assessment in higher education: Ethical
and social impacts. Re-imagining University Assessment in a Digital World, pp.23-36.
Chege, S.M. and Wang, D., 2020. Information technology innovation and its impact on job creation by
SMEs in developing countries: an analysis of the literature review. Technology Analysis & Strategic
Management, 32(3), pp.256-271.
Demestichas, K. and Daskalakis, E., 2020. Information and communication technology solutions for the
circular economy. Sustainability, 12(18), p.7272.
Ghobakhloo, M., 2020. Determinants of information and digital technology implementation for
smart manufacturing. International Journal of Production Research, 58(8), pp.2384-
2405.
Juniper, E., 2020. Effects of knowledge management on the business processes of a
company. International Journal of Millennium Studies, 5(1).
Prince, J.D., 2017. Precision Medicine: An Introduction. Journal of Electronic Resources in
Medical Libraries. 14(3-4). pp.120-129.
Saeidi, P., Saeidi, S.P., Sofian, S., Saeidi, S.P., Nilashi, M. and Mardani, A., 2019. The impact of
enterprise risk management on competitive advantage by moderating role of information
technology. Computer standards & interfaces, 63, pp.67-82.
Samimi, A., 2020. Risk management in information technology. Progress in Chemical and Biochemical
Research, 3(2), pp.130-134.
Susan, B., 2021. Morrison & Company Consulting, Inc (Grant Seeking & Writing Services).