Introduction to Information Technology and its Impact on Business Functions

This report discusses the importance of system software, ethical & social issues, different types of networking technologies, impact of artificial intelligence, and software development life cycle in the field of information technology. The report also focuses on the impact of IT on business functions and how it can enhance productivity, reduce errors, save time and money. The chosen business organization is Morrisons, the fourth largest chain of supermarkets in the UK.

Introduction to Information
Technology

ABSTRACT
Information technology in the advance world which is becoming as the major part for the
human lives. The information technology is having the various factors in the company which is
effective & efficient that includes the big data analytic and cloud computing. By this, it leads to
reach more buyers & novel goods can be launched. With the help of IT, the management can
able to take the better decisions & also offers the satisfactory results to its buyers which also
leads to create the strong relationship. Furthermore, companies facing ethical and social issues
also pertaining to the basic information technology that includes the privacy, protection.
Artificial intelligence is having the great role in the company as the task is being taken with the
improved communication.

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................4
Discuss the importance of system software that is essential for every hardware to be operated
or used by any individual or businesses.................................................................................5
Ethical & social issues are increasingly becoming significant in the digital world. Identify &
analyse the importance of them to run venture......................................................................5
Identify & differentiate between different types of networking technologies.......................6
Impact of Artificial Intelligence in the betterment the business functions.............................7
List & define the various stages of software development life cycle. ...................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Information technology refers to the study of systems especially computes and
telecommunications in order to store, retrieving and transferring the information. This also helps
in protecting the data and also looking after the database. It is the information technology that
involves the use of networking & other storage tools in order to exchange all types of electric
data(Laraia, 2018). The technology refers to the skills, process and methods which is being used
for the particular production of goods and services. Morrisons is the chosen business
organisation, it is fourth largest chain of supermarket which are operating in United Kingdom
and its headquartered is in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. This report will analyse the
importance of system software in order to operate the business. Moreover, ethical & social issues
are increasing in digital world & also identify the significance of them. It also identify the
differentiate between certain types of networking technologies & the influence of artificial
intelligence which can enhance the business operations. Lastly, it will list & defines the certain
stages of software development life cycle.
Literature Review
According to Anupma shukla, 2014 system software is the service that is being demanded
in an organisation or the nation. This involves search engines that are not in use of making the
venture more profitable and beneficial that ensures smooth working. These software system can
be divided in to certain application software such as oracle(ORCL), Microsoft(MSFT) and these
are the basic layers in software industry.
In accordance of Dave yardle, 2018 this is being spreading the light on digital
transformation which is helping the companies to record their big data and also response to the
market driver in an appropriate manner. There is the need of ethics in an organisation is being
needed for the effective functioning and there are some of the transformation success by which
integrity and trust is being maintained as the technical challenges that will be faced by the
company. There are some of the ethical issues that can be classified in the study more briefly.
Security of data is also vital so that an organisation can have some of the detail that are very
confidential and nor be shared.
In the article of Stephane bourgeois, 2016 there are certain description of certain
networks that is being used in the current time in the market. It is very important to analyse in
this respective report and these also explain the certain networks that are personal area

network(PAN), local area network(LAN), storage area network(SAN), system area
network(SAN), wide area network(WAN).
According to Vince Lynch, 2019 there are certain ways of artificial interaction and the
changing time for the business in order to manage the consumer demand. Further they make
some of the significant change plan for the better execution so that an organisation can generate
more revenue and profitability.
Analysis and discussion
Discuss the importance of system software that is essential for every hardware to be operated or
used by any individual or businesses.
System software is also known as operating system and also associated programme that
also helps in enables system and the computer to effectively work. This also helps in providing
the base for the structure software which is completely related to the hardware, network and all
the software work together. Operating system is the major part of computer as it control and
manage the entire computer system and also the part of computer to work together various task
such as transportation of information to the internal representation and the various task so that
they can rightly ensures the better functionality in the business. It also rendered the the programs
for moving any petition or the specific application software. System software also helps in
identifying the major issues from the application software as it is compounds the computer and
does not involve the task which profits the end users.
Ethical & social issues are increasingly becoming significant in the digital world. Identify &
analyse the importance of them to run venture.
Information technology can store, fetch and transfer the information to its end users in
order to make them understand about the related task within the organisation. There are
application of the information technology that leads to have major shift in he society and also
give the access to the ample of information. There are certain ethical and social issues which are
given below:
Ethical Issues
Personal privacy- Security of data is the major issues and this is becoming the major
issues for disclosing of the data and the information for the privacy of any individual as the data
and the information is being transferred in huge quantity through different networks. The IT
technology also facilitating the use of hardware, software, operating system and certain tools that

are connected to each other. for maintaining the privacy and the integrity of the information, it is
the main challenges for Morrisons.
Access rights- In cyberspace and IT, in order to access the right information, it is
becoming the major issue with the use of upgraded technology. From non-verified source, the
network is not safe(Ghobakhloo, 2020). Morrisons is offering information system to save the
details of the users by which they can face huge issues.
Harmful actions- In computer ethics, the harmful activites leads to have the negative
impact or the damage to the IT which includes loss of property, information, ownership. In
context to Morrisons, the undesirable impact in the market which is also leading to have the use
of technology and impact the loss of any employees and the general public.
Social Issues
Breakdown of communication- It is evaluated the social issues as most of the individual
are busy in their mobile phones, computer system that break the communication and also leads to
reduce the bond. But due to the digitalisation. Technology is improving the life as the consumer
can get the online delivery of their purchase items and online transactions but this leads to cut the
social interactions. In context to Morrisons, lack of communication among the people and also
create the risk through online payments and less visit to the stores.
Identity theft- The fraud is the social problems as the information can easily known by
the computes & the personal data of the customers and the workers can be used by the other
party for their other purpose by conducting online transactions and the related damaging certain
task. In order to store the information, customers and the employees of Morrisons can keeping
privacy for avoiding the frauds.
Online banking- as the online banking service is being provided by Morrisons to the
customers in order to complete the transactions with the help of their mobile phones. As the
online payments is using everywhere which also incurring the fear of frauds and wrong
payments. In context to Morrisons, there is high chances of hacking of mobile phone or the
computer system which leads to theft the money and personal details.
Identify & differentiate between different types of networking technologies.
Computer network is defined as the set of computers while sharing the resources offered
by the different network nodes. There are certain computer which are connected to the each other
with the aim of transmitting, sharing and exchanging the data and the information. The computer

network also includes the various devices by which they can have the effective communication
with the help of two different devices. The network devices involves the switches, routers,
bridges and hubs in which the hardware and the applications or the certain operating systems is
software in the various networks of computer. As per the size and the purpose of certain
computer system are available and the nodes like as fibre optics, wireless communication allow
the computer system to share the communication and the information. In order to analyse the
communication how this is being sent & get the network. Following are the certain computer
networks.
LAN (Local area network)- It is defined as the computer which is connected to each
other in small location such as building, offices, schools. With this, two or more computers are
being attached with the help of twisted wire, pair, coaxial cable etc. it is being owned & managed
privately. This consist of both wireless & wired network. In relation to Morrisons, this software
helps in cost reduction and easily setup by using internet services.
MAN (Metropolitan area network)- It is the software which is being used to cover the
large geographical areas by interconnecting the different LAN. In order to connect the people
and the corporate industry the government bodies are using MAN. In relation to Morrisons, this
software is providing the link to the computer system with the help of computer systems in long
run-in metropolitan region. They basically send the fast information and it is less expensive.
WAN (Wide area network)- It is the network that is being extended in the large
geographical areas that involves countries, telephone, satellite links and optic cable. In the large
world, WAN is the largest in terms of internet that is being commonly used in the areas of
business, government and education(Farjon and et.al., 2019). In context to Morrisons, they are
using various networks in order to connect the various networks. They also give remote sites and
the data centre so that the necessary information can be accessed and the right information is
being used.
Impact of Artificial Intelligence in the betterment the business functions.
Artificial intelligence refers to the use of human intelligence process with the help of
machine especially the computer system. It is the intelligence which is being demonstrated with
the help of machines an the intelligence which is being displayed by human. This also accessing
the certain problems with appropriate solutions. In the year of 1965, an academic discipline
artificial intelligence is being found. Further the main aim of artificial intelligence includes the

reasoning, learning, perception, knowledge and the planning. The artificial intelligence defines
the thinking ability life the human and they mimic their action which can be programmed with
the machine. It is having the ability to rationalize the actions which can be programmed with the
help of machines. The artificial intelligence is the machine learning that automatically learns the
computer programmes so that they can ensures the higher profitability in the market. The
artificial intelligence is having the four approach that are thinking humanly, thinking rationally
and acting humanly and these all aspects leading to have the reason and the process. There is the
significant importance in offering various opportunities to the venture. There are certain points
which enlist the impact of artificial intelligence in enhancing the business are given below:
Business insights are generated to take better decisions- As per the changing
economy, data is the helpful for the venture so that they can rightly understand the business.
When the company is generating the data with the help of artificial intelligence then it becomes
quick process. Additionally, AI machines are giving the relevant predictions and also leads to
analyse the overall participation by which they can analyse the needs and wants of the customer.
Reducing errors- AI helps in eliminating the errors as it gives more effective results in
comparison to individual. The accuracy of this technology range from 99-100 percent. This is
being analyse the cash flow and also leads to get the growth opportunities without any manual
interference in the analysis of cash flow. In context to Morrisons, they can analyse and forecast
the cash floe with the help of artificial intelligence that leads to reduce the errors and giving high
opportunities to grow its business in the market. This also helps in having the better
consideration in the company so that they can retain in the market for longer period of time.
Productivity is enhanced with the help of artificial intelligence- when the task to do of
the workers get reduce then there is the betterment in the overall operating by emphasis on the
excellence in what they are operating in. In order to accomplish the given task, artificial
intelligence can work most of the work that does not require the worker. The artificial
intelligence deals in the real time assistance. In context to Morrisons, they can minimise the
work load with effective communication as the customers consistency. They are increasing the
productivity as the workers are allowed to complete their task by which they can complete the
task in an appropriate manner.
Time & money is saved- The machine work more appropiately in comparison to the
human being as the equipments of artificial intelligence can work 24*7. As the reliability is

being given without getting the breakdown of the given work. In order to accomplish the given
task, it is vital to have the notification provided to the companies so that they can rightly work in
the given field. With the help of recognises of huge amount of data within the second and take
less time in order to complete the given task and make the effective decisions so that right
information can be taken. The technology in artificial intelligence also helps in time saving &
work appropiately instead of humans. In context to Morrisons, they also providing the betterment
to the machine which do not need any rest & works continuously without getting bored with the
assistance of AI.
List & define the various stages of software development life cycle.
There are certain software phases in the development life cycle and these are explained as
follows:
 Planning: It is the first stage in which the leader and the manager make the plan and
calculate the requirement of raw material for the company and the certain labour cost
with appropriate time table so that they can attain the company's objectives(Capehart,
2020).
 Define requirement: In this stage, the manager and the leader analyse and choose the
type of application must be used in the business operations and how they will operate the
plan for the company.
 Design and prototyping: it is the process which involves the steps of architecture,
platform, programming, user interface, communications and the security so that they can
have the effective working.
 Software development: It is the main function in which the programmes is also known
as the coding by which the employees can build the effective team in order to perform
well in their given field.
 Testing: It is vital to have the application which must be used in an organisation and they
must managed properly. It also analysed that testing is the major aspect to run any of the
operations.

CONCLUSION
from the above report, it is concluded that information technology having the major
impact on the overall business that is leading to have the innovation with the advancement of
technology. These are the aspects by which they can ensures the higher profitability as well. As
the company is maintaining the separate IT unit in which all the necessary documents by which
all the necessary files can be stored. From the technology betterment, an organisation face the
various ethical and social issues. Moreover, the IT contains the better computer network by
which the data and the information is being transferred and all the information is being shared in
an appropriate manner with the help of MAN, VAN, LAN. Artificial intelligence also enhance
the better business operations so that they can perform the various task in an appropriate manner.

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