Introduction to Information Technology

This document provides an introduction to information technology and its importance in organizations. It discusses the role of IT in the success or failure of a business, ethical and social issues associated with running businesses, different types of networking technologies, and the importance of internet and intranet in a business.

Introduction to
Information
Technology

ABSTRACT
Information Technology term given by the Harvard Business Review in the year 1958
and divided in to 3 different part such as computerised data processing, businesses software and
decision support system. The main aim of this report is to identify the importance of the
information technology and also evaluate the main role of the information technology in relation
to the organization. This report also deal with the ethical and social problems of the information
technology which create many issues in the organization. With the help of LAN , MAN and
WAN , company easily maintain all the internet connectivity. The importance of Internet an
intranet is really precious for the organization. With the help of intranet, company easily access
all the information and data insider the organization and through internet companies easily
maintain all the communication and transfer of information and documents. This report also
identified the seven stages of the system development cycle which is essential of the
organization.

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................4
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................4
Identify the role of IT in the success or failure of a business.....................................................4
Find ethical and social issues associated with running businesses.............................................6
Identify and differentiate between different types of networking technologies..........................7
Discuss the importance of Internet and Intranet in a business...................................................8
List and explain the different stage of system development life cycle.....................................10
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Information Technology refers as an application of computer system which store, retrieve
, manipulate and transfer information , mostly in relation of businesses and enterprise. IT is also
contain as a ICT that is stand for Information and Communication Technology. In this current
time the scope of IT is taking a huge place and become a support system of every organization.
With the help of IT, companies can easily exchange electronic data. For this project, Tesco
organization is selected. Tesco is a big multinational retainer chain of stores and supermarkets
basically based on the United Kingdom. This company is providing services all over the world.
The main purpose of this report is to recognize the main role of information technology in
context of its failure. This report also deal with the ethical and social problems which is
considered for the organization. This report also identify the various types of network
Technologies and also identify the significance of internet and intranet and besides this, describe
the various stages of the system development life cycle.
MAIN BODY
Identify the role of IT in the success or failure of a business
According to Ashley Donohoe , 2019, Information Technology is playing essential role in
context of small businesses and companies in their daily operations. The importance of IT is
evolving because of its flexibility and all time applicability. Through Information Technology,
companies performance, efficiency, productivity, customer experience and decision making
improve constantly. Tesco is a huge company which executing their business without any
barriers all over the world efficiently because of Information Technology (Abate and Biei, 2016).
The role of IT in the success of Tesco is really significant because IT helps in many areas of
business which help in company success. The role of IT in context of Tesco success is given
below-
Increase Organization Communication
The role of IT is really precious in context of organizational communication. IT help in
improve the communication of the Tesco company through some channels like emails, online
chat, video chat, conference call and virtual meetings. IT is also give easily access of the
information and data sharing without any areas and location limit. With the help of IT, Tesco
employees can easily connect and work remotely and communicate anytime and anywhere.

Through social media, employees are easily engaged and communicate. IT is also helpful in
conduct the intranet facility insider the Tesco.
Improve Efficiency of regular Operations
IT is playing the main part in improving the companies efficiency and day to day
operations . Tesci is using IT services very efficiently so that company day to day operations
conduct in a efficient manner and Tesco employees accomplish task quicker. IT help to provide
easy access of database system and advanced software. With the help of IT, Tesco use the
software of inventory management system which help in store real time entry and exit of
employees and also generate a report fro the managers (Afolabi, et.al., 2018).
Improve customer Experience
IT is also helpful to improve the customers experiences through some online platforms
and e- commerce businesses. Tesco is also doing business online platform and dealing with
many foreign countries. IT provide the facility of social media and websites so that company
customers easily communicate with the company employees regarding products and services. IT
also generate some software through Tesco easily track the previous orders of the customers. IT
also create many easily and quick payment apps and software so that it make easily for the
customers and customer satisfaction level increase which increase the growth and revenue of the
Tesco.
Enhance Decision Making
IT generate many tools like ERP software , data base and decision support system which
are helpful in save Tesco performance date according to the real time so that it make easy fro the
managers to take appropriate decision. These types of software represent a online dashboard and
show information and details about the Tesco sales, finance, marketing, HR and other
operational department which make easy for managers which products need more promotion and
which products demand more or less (Akpakwu,et. al.,2017).
Expand Businesses Globally
IT is helpful in expand business internationally. With the help of Information Technology
, Tesco easily operate each and every activities in their foreign countries branches. Through IT,
Tesco promote their products efficiently on social media platforms. Some famous social media
platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube and LinkedIn helpful in promote

company products and services globally. Tesco utilize online conferencing call and virtual
meetings to communicate with other countries employees.
Find ethical and social issues associated with running businesses
Information Technology refers as a elements which used to create , maintain, store and
manipulate the data and particular information is a various manner and a minimal level so that all
the companies can operate in a effective way. Every company need to know about about some
basic facts about the privacy and securities about the IT. Tesco company maintain all the
information about the ethical and social issues of the IT so that company efficiently maintain
these issues and try to overcome it. The description of ethical and social issues are given below-
Privacy of the Company Data
This is the most basic ethical issues of the IT. IT provide many facilities and tools like
hardware, software , applications and operating system so that company easily access the server
and also establish a connection with each other through the network system. There are also many
drawback of IT. With the help of technological tools, companies easily task data of their
competitors and used it. Tesco is focusing on their company privacy so that no one can take
company data. Company need to protect properly so that other companies. In this time, many
companies and firms are running which help in maintain privacy of the company data
( Aranyossy, Blaskovics and Horváth, 2018).
Copyright
In this time IT security specialists and experts are very familiar and aware about the
concept of Copyright law. Tesco also using copyright law so that company easily protect their
computer software before and after the security breach. Mainly breach misuse and mishandle the
company data , computer programs , materials and other documents. Tesco follow properly all
the guidelines which given by the IT specialists and experts so that company can protect their
computers programs and software from other companies.
Trade Secretes
This is also comes under a big ethical issue of the IT in context of companies. With the
help of Trade secretes, Tesco can secure the the valuable and useful data and informations. This
low allow to protect the creation and ideas which is only known by the discover. Company ideas
protected by this trade Secret law otherwise once it disclosed it lost the secrecy ( Barnett, 2019)
(Blomén and Magnusson, 2019).

Information Rights and Obligations
This is a very common ethical and social issue of the companies. Company need to
protect the information rights and obligations. Tesco company is very much concerned about the
company information rights and also its obligations. Company time to time ask the experts
suggestion how to protect the valuable information from the rivals so that company maintain the
information rights and maintain some confidentiality on it.
Cyber Bulling
Cyber Bulling is very common now a day. Most of the time, people do cyber bulling
through online platforms such as mobile phones, tablets , computers and laptops. People drop
some negative review , feedbacks, SMS and text about the company on the social media. Tesco
mainly focusing on that no one can give negative comments , reviews and feedback about the
company products and services because it affect the company goodwill and company market
value also affect by cyber bulling ( Boarcăs, 2017).
Identify and differentiate between different types of networking technologies
According to Bradley Mitchell, 2020, define the different types of network technologies.
These network technologies help companies to operate businesses in a effective and smooth way.
Tesco company use many network technologies so that company maintain all the informational
activities in their organization. All the essential network technologies are discussed below-
LAN (Local Area Network)
Local area network is very useful network technology which help to connect computer
system, mobile phones , building, schools in a short distance parameters. Through LAN, Tesco
company can share data on computers, workstations. LAN also helpful to connected group of
computers and other devices and also use some private addressing schemes like TCP / IP and
other protocols. With the help of local area network . Tesco can operate day to day activities
because in this data transfer very quickly but in LAN, number of computers and routers link are
very limited because it cover small distance. LAN certain use some connectivity technologies
like Token rings and Ethernet.
WAN ( Wide Area Network)
WAN generally cover large distance and geographical areas. This is also consider the
largest network technology on the earth. WAN mainly confined the limitation of state and
country. There are two types of WAN such as “Switched WAN” and “ Point to Point WAN”.

WAN mainly differ in design and also maintain. Tesco company also use this network to connect
with the other branches and stores . WAN help Tesco to maintain all the networking system all
over the country. Tesco company manage all the protocol and information with the help of WAN
because it cover wide area of the company network ( Burmeister, Lüttgens and Piller, 2016).
WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)
WLAN is mainly based on the Wi-Fi and cover the areas with the help of wireless
network technology. Tesco use WLAN in insider the organization so that company easily
connect with their employees computer system and execute routine activities with flexibility and
effectively.
MAN ( Metropolitan Area Network)
MAN is also essential network technology. Metropolitan Area Network is basically large
than LAN but small than WAN, For example city and town. Mainly MAN is operated by the
single user and entity like Government body and also large association and corporations. Tesco
is consider as a very large corporation which cover all the city network and operate their business
SAN ( Storage Area Network )
In SAN, it help to connect the servers to the company data and its storage devices with
technologies such as Fibre Channel. Tesco company use this to maintain the storage data so that
it can be use by the company employees and maintain all the data within organizational
employees (Crane, et. al., 2019).
CAN ( Campus Area Network)
This type of Network technology is consider many LAN but it is smaller than the MAN
networks. Basically CAN cover the University and Colleges and also local businesses. Tesco use
this network technology to operate the business activity in local areas.
PAN ( Personal Area Network)
This network device is only for the individual person who can use it personally and do
their daily activities like operate social media, attend some classes online. With the help of PAN,
customers can easily buy the company products through online platforms like company websites,
apps and other platforms.
Discuss the importance of Internet and Intranet in a business
According to Louise Berry, 2019, Internet and Intranet both are necessary for every
organization. Both play a very significant role in the success of the organization. Tesco company

using both connectivity so that company efficiently manage all the activities insider and outsider
the organization. The importance of Internet and Intranet are discussed below-
Importance of Internet in context of Businesses
Internet refers as a Worldwide network of the computer networks. With the help of
Internet, all the information and data easily transmit and exchange of different computer. In
current time, billions of people are active on internet and using effectively internet. Internet make
everyone life very easily and all the people easily connected to each other with the help of
internet. Internet useful for every purpose like personal, individual and organizational purpose.
Tesco company connect with their customers with the help of internet services. There are some
points which show the importance of the internet are explained below-
 Internet is helpful to connect the people all around the world with bout any boundary
limitations. Tesco connect with their employees across the world and conduct many
meetings and virtual conferences for discussion and interaction (Foukas, et. al., 2017).
 Internet allow to send the emails , text , messages from one country to another country.
Tesco maintain their internet connectivity all the time because it is a large organization an
d company connect with their employees and communicate through emails and other
online chat portals.
 Internet helps to access all the file date from one location to other location. Tesco send
their information and file and other documents via company developed software and
emails.
 Through internet all the information available worldwide. Internet help to send online job
applications to the candidate so that Tesco can easily hire most talented employees for the
job.
Importance of Intranet in context of Businesses
Intranet is considered a a private and personal network which established and provided
by the company to their employees. It is also consider as a local area network which give
connectivity with in a small area. Intranet uses network connectivity an internet protocols so that
all the information and details easily access in a organization. Tesco company use intranet
connectivity in their organization so that employees easily do tier work. Intranet is a very
accurate and fast. Tesco work become easily with the help of intranet because it help in access all

the large files, data, videos, graphical images. Some other points which show the importance of
intranet are discussed below-
 Intranet is very fast easy and also very low cost so it is used by the many companies.
Tesco also good service of intranet within their organization because its access is really
fast which help in deliver all the information very quickly.
 Intranet is basically based on the open standards which help to easily operate all the
activities within an organization (Gierej, 2017).
 Intranet is helpful to access all the internal and external informations. Tesco intranet help
to access all the insider employees informations and other foreign countries employees
informations.
 Intranet help to improve the communication with in an organization. Tesco company
employees easily engage through company intranet and Tesco provide and share all the
relevant and valuable information through intranet.
List and explain the different stage of system development life cycle
According to the Toby Osbourn, 2020, define about 7 stages of the system development
life cycle. System development life cycle is considered as a model of project management which
explain many stages that involved the project from beginning to its completion. Company,
software development groups develop a variety and many ranges of system development life
cycle that include many processes. The stages of system life cycle are given below-
Planning Stages
For any project which develop software that need planning on initial stage. Before start
the project its important to make sure that all the arrangements done like sufficient employees
and proper financial resources. If company have less number of members for project and lack of
funds so company will suffer in future. Through some resources like Software estimation and
project planning management team helpful in this stage (Mueller and Shepherd, 2016). (
Feasibility
In this stage, company ensure that the all the project requirements become very useful for
the end-user of the project system. This stage basically deal with the requirements of the projects
and also analyse it. For requirement, company tale to stakeholders and seek the possible data.
The output of the requirements analysis is based upon the methodology which company choose.
In this stage , all the architects, product managers and other developers work with each other.

Designing & prototyping stage
In this stage, all the developers and design makers and designer prototype feature a
solutions. Mainly prototyping is used for the get quick feedback and other technical decision
which need to inform. Without prototyping it create risk like group waste their time on
production ready process so that at the end user will suffer. Design need some output before
company stakeholder sign it off (Patel, 2016).
Software development stage
This stage can turn requirement o0f projects and its prototypes with a working codes. In
this stage, company can see the how this project resembles the end product. At the end of this
stage, company need to share working features with the customers. In this stage v, all the
developers are very engaged (Shrivastava, 2018).
Software testing stage
During the testing time, testers need to put all the code and also check some criteria such
as quality of the code, code meet the requirements or not, security principle and its evidence.
Implementation
This stage mainly called as “ Development” this implementation and integration stage
take all code and set somewhere else where people can easily use. This stage is really simple like
develop a code on the web and its server. In big projects it engage integration of many various
systems. This stage also consider as an invention of software and making other materials
(Spence, 2016).
Operations and Maintenance
In this stage, project developer see the software for the bugs. If developer find one then
developer generate a bug report. For maintenance, developer consider some opportunities so that
the development cycle of the project starts over again. In this stage, specialist will give report
about the issues and product owners help in prioritize and developer will maintain and work with
the testers for the improvements.
CONCLUSION
As per this report it is concluded that information technology is essential for the every
businesses. The importance of information technology is increasing day by day and take a wider
place all over the world. Information technology are playing a crucial in context of companies so
that companies easily monition and control all the routine activities. This report discussed about

many ethical and social issues of the information technology which create many problems for the
company in which privacy of the company data and information right and its obligation is really
common ethical and social issues which company facing. This report also identified various
types of network technologies in which WAN and MAN are play a essential role in the context
of company which help to operate business globally. This report also determine seven stages of
the system development life cycle so that it generate the software and its projects very
efficiently.

REFERENCES
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