Introduction to Information Technology

This document provides an introduction to information technology and its role in managing and controlling businesses. It discusses the social and ethical issues faced by organizations, different types of networking technology, and the value of social media in enterprises.

Introduction to
Information Technology

Abstract:
In the modern world information technology plays an vital role in managing and
controlling the business in the well define manner. This is essential for the company to use such
kind of technology to compete in the market. As this help in survival and able to succeed in the
future. Further this also improve the efficiency and reduce the human effort along with time
which in crucial in this world.

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
2.0 Literature review:..................................................................................................................4
2.1 Role of information Technology in the business..................................................................4
2.2 Describe the social and ethical issue in the aspect of organisation.......................................4
2.3 Different types of networking technology............................................................................5
2.4 Importance of social media in the business...........................................................................6
2.5 Stages of system development life cycle..............................................................................6
3.0 Analysis and discussion........................................................................................................7
3.1 Role of IT in ASDA and TESCO..........................................................................................7
3.2 Ethical and social issues........................................................................................................8
3.3 Types of network...................................................................................................................8
3.4 Social media importance.......................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

1.0 Introduction
Information technology is considered as the set of tool, process and methodology which
help in communicating effectively. It is the combination of computers and telecommunications
in order to store, retrieve, exchange and manage the information. Entry of computers the
enterprise world has changed with the help of software organisation use different information
technology method to ensure that the department run smoothly (Aasheim and et., al., 2019). The
entity uses information technology mainly for fostering innovations in business by making
improvement in data process, enhancing quality as well as boosting the performance.. With the
assistance of IT, organisations can increase its ability to measure trends in the global market and
make changes accordingly in products and services to exceed customer satisfaction.. Most of the
business have their own IT department, which is designed to keep software updated and maintain
hardware efficienty. The report is based on TESCO which deals in retail industry and provide
groceries as well as general merchandise goods and services. With the help of information
system, this firm has got opportunity to expand business globally and manage entire operations
specifically. It is important for the company to figure out the ethical as well as social issues for
running business successfully, in global market. For this purpose, a discussion is made on role of
IT, importance of social media for expansion of business at larger scale. At last this report
covers about the system life cycle as this help in identifying the various aspect of the company in
the well define manner.
2.0 Literature review:
2.1 Role of Information Application in the enterprise
As per the view point of Asongu and et., al. (2019). Information technology drives
innovations as well as invention is the way to enterprise success. Invention in the business has
the identical impact which had on the business revolution. Today the instruction for the firm
success is the easy which is innovation with information technology. For the organisations like
TESCO the management should use advance information technology as this reduce the human
effort and improve the efficiency in market. Innovation result in the smarter apps, improved data
storage, faster processing, and wider information distribution. There are some of the essential
role which help in understanding information technology effectively.

Risk management: Information technology helps a company to minimize the
organisational risk by conducting proper risk analysis in the well define manner. For the
organisation like TESCO the IT department should make risk management system and also help
in improving the productivity and also reduce the theft present internally as well as externally.
As information technology help in making effective decision and provide feedback to make
changes which help in reducing risk and uncertainty.
Inventory management: To overcome the challenges in the market, information
technology has become the need of the hour. The firm like TESCO, its IT department can
manage the balance between demand and supply, by utilising product management software
which is machine based system for tracking listing levels, orders gross revenue and deliveries.
Further this can be used to make bills of material and other production related document.
Without this information technology individual cannot plan and execute properly.
Store management: Information technology is beneficial for the store management
system which provide data on stock out items. Store system which is used for the business
process IT make to transform the retail shopping experience effectively. In the context of
TESCO, the IT department should make sure about to use new software which help in managing
and controlling each and every items which help in improve the quality in offering.
2.2 Social and ethical issue in the aspect of organisation
As per the Ptitsyna and et., al.(2019), While doing business there are several issues
which take place and such kinds of factor should be done to reduce the efficiency of the
company. Ethical are known as the principle and the practices which help in guiding the business
to accomplish the task in the well define manner. They are concerned mainly with the impacts of
judgement of the society within and outside the business firm or other groups who keep interest
in the business activities. Some of the major issue which are faced by TESCO are explained
below:
Harassment and Discrimination: Discrimination states being treated other than or
unfairly and this can be expressed as harassment which is consider illegal based upon the
personal characteristic or behaviour of the employees. For the organisation like TESCO the
management can take effectively steps such as making effective law which are made for the safe
guard of the employees. Further harassment can be physical, verbal or written in order to handle

such kind of situation the firm must have security cameras and proper laws to prevent such kind
of activities in future.
Protecting client privacy: This is necessary for the organization to protect and safeguard
the crucial data of the employees as there is chance for information can be used for unethical
purpose to harm the individual life and career. In this regard, IT department of Tesco needs to
ensure that data of each employee as well as customer should be secure properly by using
advance security system and cyber security system for betterment and growth.
Worker partiality : The management have two concern about employees individual who
are generating risk of failure. The issue is related to the loss of productivity, work time and high
turnover. TESCO management should make equal law and policies which help in reducing
biased factor present in the organisation. The management should make use of law seriously as
they make discrimination on the basic of information which do not prohibit employer for
lawfully obtaining system which help to disclose the condition of the employment.
2.3 Different types of networking technology
Networking technologies is known as the method which is used by the various companies
to provide better and fast services to the user. These kind of system are used by the optic cable,
wireless connection and satellite. This is mainly use to develop proper information and the data
through which different company can communicate and carry forward the operational activities
effectively. Here, are different kinds of information technology which is used by TESCO to run
the business smoothly.
Personal Area Network (PAN): This is used for the little and fundamental networking
engineering which is made up of wireless modem between the two computers, phones and other
equipments. For the company like TESCO they use such network to connect with different
employees. Along with this it help in creating internet connection in the small office where two
or three staff are working in the well define manner.
Wide Area Network (WAN): This is generally extends over the large geographical area
such as states or countries. This are consider larger than local network as it is not limited to the
bigger network but it expand through the large number of geographical location with the help of

fibre optics and satellite. For the company like TESCO they use such network which are used to
manage the work from the different part of the country.
Metropolitan Area network (MAN): A metropolitan area communication system
covers the large area by interconnecting the different LAN from the larger network. Government
agencies use such kinds of network to connects to its private industry and to the citizens. These
are the network is widely use in the organisation such as TESCO to make effective
communication which help in improving the working condition and efficiency of the delivery of
goods and services in a well define manner.
From the above mentioned report this has been identified that organisation use wide
network area for communicating to the employees as well to the customer. As the company have
different stores in the various parts of the country so this is essential to use wide networking
system because this is feasible method to communicate with other people at the different part of
the country.
2.4 Value of social media in the enterprise
As per the view point of (Rahmelina and et., al., 2019)The social media in the enterprise
is increasing at the larger speed and with the more and more people using social media platform
which help in making effective decision for betterment and growth of the company in the well
define manner. With the such amazing growth every business needs proper social media is the
best method to attract more and more customer. Along with this, TESCO must use social media
as the tool as this help in building brand awareness and which organisation have opportunity to
expand the business in the limited time frame. Further this method is cost effective and does not
require large amount of funds for promotion activities. These kind of media are totally rely
heavily on the word of mouth marketing. Essential you are sharing the business, content and the
expertise and getting people to get aware about services which is offered by the organisation. It
is also consider as the communication tool which help in making better understanding of the
company product and services.
2.5 Stages of system improvement life cycle
This is also known as the utilization of development life cycle which involves different
kind of factors such planning, creating and also using message method which is use in the
organisation to conduct the work force effectively. This kind of system development life cycle

can be used for both hardware as well as software development. The respective life cycle mainly
include five stages which is explained down below:
Planning: This is consider as the most crucial steps in creating system during the phase
which help in deciding exactly what organisation wants to solve the problems in the effectively
manner. For the company like TESCO it is essential to make proper planning and execute those
plan as this help in creating better product and work in the pre set manner. There are different
kinds of objectives which help in reduction the risk and doubt exist in the market.
System Analysis: The end user requirement should be determine the work and
expectation for the system. For the entity like TESCO the IT department should use proper
system as this aid in increasing the efficiency and productivity of each and every employees
working in the organisation. Along with this, system feasible analysis should be done
economically, socially as well as technology feasible as this help in increasing and maintain
strong communication level with the customers.
Implementation: TESCO should implement the system with the help of design into the
code through coding as this will help in improving the market share effectively. Further the IT
department should combine all the modules together into training environment which help in
detecting errors and defect present in the market. A test report should be prepared through the
test plan which include testing and reallotting the resources for testing the module for betterment
and growth.
Maintenance and support: This include all kinds of activities where the organization
creator as well administrator will conduct maintenance activity by observing execution of the
system known as hardware and software. Further this stage use to figure out the security system
in order to ensure its effectiveness. Apart from this, it include which include providing latest
update for the certain components to make sure the end meets of the technology.
3.0 Analysis and discussion
3.1 Role of IT in ASDA and TESCO
Information technology have played an vital role in TESCO to manage the product and
the activities present in the market. It was founded by Jack Cohen and started to sell the groceries
from the stall. The company manager use essential information system tool for carry off,
assessing and efficiently use to run the department in the well defining manner. This system the
data of past, present and future material. TESCO use such kind of system to find out the monthly

province of the expense which help manager in devising decision. The method is also used to
figure out how many hours the worker have worked over a time period . Information technology
help in understanding the customer more efficiently and also help in managing and controlling
the items in the well define manner(Tapia and Sakurai 2020).
The role of Information technology have vital impact on ASDA and the consumer who
purchase the product from such kinds of stores. In the entity there is constant role out initiatives
and the project going in our stores across the country as we know from the experience which
have the accurate records of the space and the stores for the vital for the business going forward.
ASDA is one of the leading super market in the retail organisation and it was founded in 1965
and have more than 165000 workers. The managers of the company are taking the advantages to
make business more effective and profitable. It is committed to improve the IT opportunity by
using different kinds of projects and initiative. Fast changing and demanding business this is
essential to make proper decision for betterment and growth.
3.2 Ethical and social issues
In the organisation ethical and social issues arise from the use of technology in all areas
in each and every employees. For the company like TESCO the management of the company
must take proper feedbacks and make sure that discrimination and harassment activities must be
reduced to make a firm a healthy place. In the essence, when the organisation deveotes resoruces
to the developing polices and the method to motivates ethical actions builds a optimistic
corporate culture. Team member morale improves when worker feel protected against retaliation
for personal beliefs. Along with this, management should use transformation and change
management initiatives which help in making effective decision for growth and expansion of the
firm. With the development of technology and security capability the employers can now
monitor there employees activity on the computers. This is consider as the serious ethical issue
for the privacy of the individual. The IT department makes sure that such kind of activities
should not take place in future.
3.3 Types of network
Today networking is used for everything such as internet and printing of document along
with the downloading of the attachment from the emails, network which is consider as the
backbone of the company. This can use on the handful of devices with the single rooms to the
millions of user spread across the entire globe. There are various kind of network which is used

such as Personal area network (PAN). Wide area network (WAN) Metropolitan are network
(MAN) these are used for communicating from one another from the different parts of nation.
3.4 Social media importance
Social media plays vital role in advertisement and every business or professional can be
benefited by understanding the social media importance when it comes reaching the audience in
order to strength the brand (Richesson, 2019). This platform help in providing larger market
share for the company and it is consider as one of the cheapest mode of promoting goods and
services to the larger audience. For the company like TESCO social media presences tend to
increase the business and Social media commercialism the ability to change customer
fidelity. 71% of user who received a quick outcome on social media would propose the brand to
others.
CONCLUSION
By analysing the above describe report it has been summarised that of every organization
information application plays an essential role because this help in attracting more and more and
customer. Further the use of different use of networking is essential as they are mode of
connecting one people from another effectively. There are social issues like discrimination and
harassment should be minimize for creating better working environment.

REFERENCES
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