Investigating Cause and Effect Relationship for Consumption of Alcohol at the Global Level

This report examines the consumption of alcohol across the globe, analyzing its impact on health, well-being, and societal trends. It delves into statistics, causes, effects, and changing patterns of alcohol consumption worldwide. The report also presents a comprehensive research design, methodology, and questionnaire to thoroughly investigate the research topic. A literature review explores existing research on alcohol consumption and its implications for public health.

HI6008
Assignment -2
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Project objective..............................................................................................................................3
Project scope....................................................................................................................................4
Literature review:.............................................................................................................................5
Research questions and Hypothesis:................................................................................................8
Primary questions:...........................................................................................................................8
Secondary questions:.......................................................................................................................8
Research Design..............................................................................................................................9
Research methodology...................................................................................................................10
Qualitative Approach.....................................................................................................................10
Quantitative Approach...................................................................................................................11
Questionnaire.................................................................................................................................12
Research Limitations.....................................................................................................................16
Time Schedule (Research Plan):....................................................................................................17
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................19
References......................................................................................................................................20
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Introduction
This report examines the consumption of alcohol across the globe. Consumption of alcohol is
having a direct impact on the health and well-being of the people. There is a direct relationship
between the consumption of alcohol and individual’s health. In addition to this, the report
examines the statistics and figures regarding the consumption of alcohol in the numerous parts of
the world and its impact on the life of the people. This report also shows the cause and effect of
alcohol consumption and changing trends in the consumption of alcohol. Further, this report
presents research design, methodology, timescale, Gantt chart and questionnaire to study the
research topic in depth. For conducting the research in reliable and authentic manner various
literature is considered.
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Project objective
The main objective of this project is specified underneath:
1. To determine the effects and causes of alcohol consumption.
2. To analyse the trends of alcohol consumption across the globe.
3. To examine the relationship between the alcohol and public health.
4. To investigate the factors affecting consumption of alcohol in the Global Context.
All the above objectives are required to be attained or covered in the research so that correct
conclusions can be drawn.
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Project scope
The scope of this project is wide as it studies dissimilar viewpoint of consuming alcohol at the
global level. The research also examines the changes in trends and factor affecting the
consumption of alcohol which further widens the scope of this research project. The data and
source of this research are mainly the journal, websites, and articles which are published
worldwide. Hence, the scope of this project is intensive.
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Literature review: “Investigating Cause and effect relationship for Consumption of alcohol at
the Global Level”
Alcohol and Public Health
According to the World Health Organisation (2014), Alcohol is the drinking substance which is
consumed by an individual to live in some different world. The consumption of alcohol not only
affects the health of an individual but also disturbs the economy and society. There is a direct
relation between the heath of an individual and alcohol consumption. Consuming alcohol on
daily basis results in lungs, kidney and heart failure. It is observed that approximately 5.9% of
deaths occurred all over the world due to the intake of alcohol (World Health Organisation,
2014). .World Health Organization is organising numerous strategies, programs, policies, and
events, to educate the people regarding the harmful effects of alcohol on the health and well-
being of individuals.
Factors affecting consumption of alcohol
According to Stickel, et. al. (2017), there are numerous factors which affect the consumption of
alcohol. The factor regarding the consumption of alcohol varies in every nation. The two prime
factors are classified below:
External factors: external factors consist of parents, family and relative structure. All the young
generation learn these habits from their surroundings and family members. Hence, external
factors play a major role in the consumption of alcohol
Internal factors: individuals are consuming alcohol not only for their pleasure and fun purpose
but also to demonstrate the society and upholding a status quo the individual factors consist of
knowledge, personality, experience, school, and others. All these factors affect the consumption
of level throughout the world (Stickel, et. al., 2017).
Trends in alcohol consumption across the globe
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According to Rabiee, et. al. (2017), The habits of consuming alcohol is increasing with each
pasing year due to rapid modernization. It is observed that in the year 2017, nearly 249 billion
litres of alcohol is consumed globally from the previous year 2016.
Figure: The world’s top drinkers
Source: (Rabiee, et. al., 2017).
From the above graph, it is observed that Estonia is the topmost country which consumes
alcohol. Estonians and Lithuanians turn out to be the world’s most leading drinking inhabitants
over the last few ages. After Estonia, there are Lithuania, Germany, Latvia, Finland, Czech
Republic and Russia. The heavily-drinking states like the Czech Republic and Germany have
stayed stable throughout the last decade (Rabiee, et. al., 2017).
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The causes and effect of alcohol consumption
According to Popova, et. al. (2017), Estimation the prime causes behind the consumption of
alcohol can be depression, domestic violence, the poor state of mind and addiction. The causes of
the alcohol consumption can be reduced by taking the corrective actions. The prime effects of
alcohol consumption are socioeconomic status, age and culture. The children and young person
are more prone to diseases (Popova, et. al., 2017). Consumption of alcohol results in mental and
physical breakdown. From the surveys and researches, it is observed that the labours are mainly
prone to the consumption of alcohol.
The gaps in research assist in recognizing the drawbacks or issues in the present literature. The
first and the prime gap of this research is that it is talking about the global levels and not about a
particular state or country so, the investigation is wide. Wide investigations are not valid and
realistic as each component cannot be studied. The second research gap is that the present and
current scenario after the year 2017 is not analysed and examined.
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Research questions and Hypothesis:
There are two variations of questions on which the research is focusing and they are:
Primary questions:
Question no. 1: Examine the trends of alcohol consumption across the globe?
Secondary questions:
Question no. 1: Discuss the relationship amongst the public health and alcohol?
Question no.2: Evaluate the causes and effects of alcohol consumption?
Question no.3 Investigate the factors which are affecting consumption of alcohol in the Global
context?
Hypothesis:
The main hypothesis which is considered ion this research are specified underneath:
 Hypothesis 1: There is a direct relationship among the consumption of alcohol and health of an
individual
 Hypothesis 2: the trends of alcohol consumption are decreasing and increasing with each
passing year
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Research Design
The research design which will be considered is the explanatory research design. The
explanatory research design is mainly utilized to recognize cause and effect relationship among
dependent and independent variables. The prime idea behind using the explanatory research is
that the relationship is already acknowledged through the previous researches and hence, this
research purposes to clarify or take the relationship further. The explanatory research design is
considered to be the ideal research design as it develops a deep understanding of the research
topic.
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Research methodology
The research methodology consists of the techniques which are required to be adopted by the
researcher for completing the research in an effective and efficient manner. The two main
approaches for conducting a research are Quantitative approach and Qualitative approach. This
research is conducted by using Quantitative approach. The Quantitative approach focuses on the
statically and numerical facts so that the result gathered are accurate and reliable while the
Qualitative approach focuses on the non – statically data. Both the approaches are having their
won advantages and disadvantages. It is vital to use the Quantitative approach as it gives a better
understanding of the research topic and helps in drawing correct conclusions (Bryman, 2015).
Qualitative Approach
Qualitative Research is mainly investigative research. It is utilized to gather an understanding of
fundamental motivations, opinions, and reasons, this approach offers better insights into the
help or problems to develop hypotheses or ideas for conducting a potential quantitative
.investigation. Most of the qualitative research considers an inductive approach in which the
investigator first accumulates data and then tries to take clarifications from that data. The
procedure followed for conducting the Qualitative Approach is shown below:
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Determining
the Research
Questions
Designing the
Study of
Research
Collection of
Data
Analysis of
Data Reporting Conclusion

Hence, the qualitative approach is an important approach for leading a research in a well-
organized manner.
Quantitative Approach
The quantitative approach inclines to estimate phenomena from a greater number of persons by
utilizing survey methods. The quantitative approach looks at the demographic numbers and
marketplace. The procedure followed for quantitative research approach is mentioned
underneath:
1. Stating the Research Problem
2. Defining the Purpose of Research
3. Reviewing of the Related Literature
4. Formulation of Hypothesis and Variables
5. Selection of Research Design
6. Identifying the Population and Sample
7. Data Collection
8. Data Analysis
9. Research Findings
10. Conclusion (Mertens, 2014).
Hence, it can be seen that a quantitative approach is an important approach for generating
findings and results. This research is developed by using quantitative approach. The quantitative
approach helps in getting precise and authentic outcomes
Sampling and Sample Size:
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The sampling technique which is adapted for conducting this research in an organized manner is
this non-probability sampling technique. The size of the sample is 50 individuals who will
present their opinion on the research topic.
Reliability and Validity of Data
The data must be valid and relabel so that the results drawn from the result are useful. The
reliability of the data must be ensured by using the application of the statistical technique of
Cronbach alpha analysis while the validity of the data must be ensured by including the
statements within the questionnaire (Jackson, 2015).
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Questionnaire
The questionnaire is distributed to the general population to get their opinions regarding the
consumption of alcohol.
Question No.1: Have you ever consumed alcohol?
A) Yes
B) No
A) Yes
B) No
Question No.2: Do you engage in binge drinking?
A) Yes
B) No
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A) Yes
B) No
Question No.3: Have you ever turn out to be aggressive after consuming alcohol?
A) Yes
B) No
A) Yes
B) No
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Question No.4: Have you ever ended up being at the hospital as a result of your drinking habits?
A) Yes
B) No
A) Yes
B) No
Question No.5: Do the consumption of alcohol disturbs your family peace and relations?
A) Yes
B) No
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A) Yes
B) No
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Research Limitations
The main limitations of the research are specified underneath:
 There is limited time for completing this research. Consequently, there is a chance that few
components might not have been covered in detail during the course of research.
 The limitation which is faced in this research is regarding the ignorance of key elements.
 This research suffers from the limitation of personal biasness
 The size of the sample in this research is small. When the size of the sample is small all the data
cannot be studied. It is widely argued that a larger sample size leads to more validity and
reliability
 This research suffers from the lack of expert’s opinion (O'Leary, 2017).
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Time Schedule (Research Plan):
Activity Preliminary data Close date Time utilized
Selection of the
research topic
01 April 2018 08 April 2018 1week
Determination of
various resources
used to conduct
research
09 April 2018 23 April 2018 2 weeks
Collection of primary
and secondary data
24 April 2018 29 May 2018 3 weeks
Evaluation of data
collected
30 April 2018 26 June 2018 4 weeks
Recommendation on
data analysis
27June 2018 01 August 2018 5 weeks
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Gantt chart
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Conclusion
From the above report, it is concluded that alcohol consumption is having straight impacts on the
health of the people who are living all across the globe. The trends of alcohol are increasing with
each passing year. In the modern world, the consumption of drugs (marijuana, cocaine, weed
etc.) and alcohol is increasing among the children’s. The consumption of alcohol is having an
impact on the families and relationships of the people apart from the health and mental
wellbeing. There is need to take appropriate steps by the government and organizations on the
global stages to minimize the rates of alcohol consumption among the individuals
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References
 Bryman, A., 2015. Social research methods. Oxford university press.
 Jackson, S. L., 2015. Research methods and statistics: A critical thinking approach. Cengage
Learning.
 Mertens, D. M., 2014. Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating
diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Sage publications.
 O'Leary, Z., 2017. The essential guide to doing your research project. Sage.
 Popova, S., Lange, S., Probst, C., Gmel, G. and Rehm, J., 2017. Estimation of national, regional,
and global prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy and fetal alcohol syndrome: a systematic
review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 5(3), pp.e290-e299.
 Rabiee, R., Agardh, E., Coates, M.M., Allebeck, P. and Danielsson, A.K., 2017. Alcohol–
attributed disease burden and alcohol policies in the BRICS–countries during the years 1990–
2013. Journal of global health, 7(1).
 Stickel, F., Moreno, C., Hampe, J. and Morgan, M.Y., 2017. The genetics of alcohol dependence
and alcohol-related liver disease. Journal of hepatology, 66(1), pp.195-211.
 World Health Organization and World Health Organization. Management of Substance Abuse
Unit, 2014. Global status report on alcohol and health, 2014. World Health Organization.
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