Investigation of Health Promotion and Public Health

Research Methods - CW3

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................................1
METHODOLOGY..........................................................................................................................2
a) Primary research......................................................................................................................2
b) Factors considered for drafting the questionnaire...................................................................2
c) Administering the questionnaire..............................................................................................3
d) Strengths and weaknesses of search strategy..........................................................................3
e) Key ethical issues....................................................................................................................3
RESULTS........................................................................................................................................3
Frequency distribution.................................................................................................................3
Cross tabulations..........................................................................................................................4
Frequency distribution and cross tabulation of age group...........................................................9
FINDINGS & DISCUSSION........................................................................................................12
CRITICAL EVALUATION..........................................................................................................13
CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS..............................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
This essay is based on the investigation of health promotion and public health. This essay is
a literature review proposal for the dissertation project on the question “does age and sex of an
individual influence its smoking habits”. This essay will cover the literature information of
smoking patterns and impacts of smoking on a human body. This essay will cover an
investigation conducted primarily that will discuss will of people of quitting smoking according
to their demographic features of age and gender (Goodchild, Nargis and d'Espaignet, 2018).
This essay has 6 sections and among them section 1 will explore the background and
literature information of the smoking as a public health issue along with rationale of conducting
this research. Section 2 of this essay will be based on the selected methodology of the
investigation, section 3 will cover the SPSS results of the questionnaire, section 4 will be based
on the findings which are gathered from results, section 5 will cover critical evaluation of this
investigation and lastly section 6 will cover conclusions and recommendations.
BACKGROUND
Public health topic selected in this investigation is smoking. This area of research is
important to be researched on as the practice of smoking involves consumption of tobacco due to
which thousands of people die every year. According to The global tobacco crisis, tobacco
consumption kills one person every six seconds. The consumption of tobacco through smoking
impacts the vital organs of a human body such as lung, throat etc. The main disease which is
caused by smoking is cancer which is curable to only a little extend. As smoking cigarettes is an
issue for entire globe, this topic is considered as appropriate for this investigation (Global
tobacco crisis, 2020).
The research question of this investigation is related to the influence which age and gender
of an individual levies upon its smoking habits. In order to assess the background information
related to the research question, the previous investigations are reviewed from which it has been
seen that smoking initiation rate is higher in young men but with the passing age, women are
more likely to smoke more than women (Suryadinata and et.al., 2019). It has been also identified
that people who smoke cigarettes usually has three causes of their death which are cancer,
hypertension and hearth diseases (Gender differences in age of smoking initiation and its
association with health, 2016). It has been seen that cancer is the direct result of smoking
1