IoT in Smart Cities

Running head: IOT IN SMART CITIES
IoT in Smart Cities
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1IOT IN SMART CITIES
Abstract
Internet of Things make the network of devices that are capable of connecting to internet and this
connection allows them to capture data. This data is transferred to a smart application that can
render new capabilities to devices by controlling them to perform in the ways that were not
possible with traditional structure. Sensing devices like RFID, infrared, and GPS can be
embedded into any device or any object to create a smart system. A smart city uses ICT to
provide digital connectivity to residents and improve efficiency of operations and services that
are provided to them. A smart city is created at different levels starting from infrastructure
enablement to integration and automation. This research builds upon the framework for the
creation of smart cities using IOT. It explores an urban information system which is based on the
sensor network which provides a support to the city by allowing integration of different
information systems over the cloud. With the use of IOT networks for building a smart city, the
city management can become simplified as the real time data can be used for monitoring how
services are being used and the same can be modified for achieving better efficiencies. The
research paper would explore these possibilities by discussing different area of applications of
IOT in the creation of smart city systems.
The paper focuses on the different types of issues and challenges faced by the extensive use of
the internet of things in the smart cities all over the world. This report will be guiding the readers
to know more about the different negative impacts of the internet of things in a more detailed
manner. The use of internet of things is tangentially growing in the smart cities and many
impressive features are being exposed to different types of vulnerabilities, the effectiveness and
reliability of the smart applications are impacted due to those issues. The document will also
focus on the unethical issues which are another major issue of internet of things in the smart
cities.
Keywords: IOT, Smart City, Sensor Networks
Introduction
This research explores the concepts of IOT and smart city to explore the possibilities of using
IOT networks for the development of a smart cities. IOT being a technology with a capability to
connect all objects to the internet through the use of sensors would allow for creation of a

2IOT IN SMART CITIES
seamless network of applications that would connect all objects and appliances in a city making
it smart with the real time knowledge sharing. This chapter explores the concept of smart city
and IOT technologies to understand the significance of using IOT for smart city network
creation. The chapter also explores the aim of this research and forms specific objectives to be
fulfilled in the current research (Srinivasan, 2016).
Background
IOT utilized standard communication protocols to connect different objects to the internet. It
allows collection of the data on the status of an object through the use of sensors and allow
modification in the behavior of the object or the situation around based on the collected data with
the use of smart applications. This establishes a connection between physical objects and the IT
infrastructure which can help enable machine to machine (M2M communication between
different objects within a city. Sensor networks can be used for connecting all the devices and
appliances used in a city to the internet which would allow corporations to perform a remote
monitoring. This can help in enhancing public services thereby improving the lives of city
dwellers. An example would be the monitoring of the use of electricity based on which
improvement measures can be taken by modification of usage patterns to save resources. IOT
can have a variety of different applications in the formation of smart cities. These include smart
homes, smart parking lots, smart healthcare systems, water systems, weather systems,
transportation management, environmental management, and surveillance systems (Mir &
Ravindran, 2017).
Problem Statement
The population of the world living in urban areas is increasing gradually and it has been
estimated that by the year 2025, over 70% of the people would be living in urban areas. This
would push the need for increasing supply of infrastructure and services to accommodate them.
A smart city would use technologies to enable interactive and competent services to be provided
to residents. Modern wireless communication has given a new model of information
management called IOT which can allow for connection between all the devices that are used
around the world including mobile phones, actuators, sensors, and more (Vida, 2016). With the
use of these interconnections, efficiency of management of a city can be enhanced. A traditional
process for managing city needs is collection of data and performing offline analysis that can

3IOT IN SMART CITIES
reveal insights for decision making. However, data collection can be a costly deal. Also, this
process would not allow municipalities to use real time data for taking decisions which is the
need of the time. With IOT based real time applications implemented in a city system, the city
managers would be able to gather real time data and take better decisions (Choudhary, Sathe, &
Kachare, 2017).
Aims & Objectives
Aim of this research is to explore the possibilities of the use of IOT network for building a smart
city. This aim would be achieved by fulfilling the following research objectives:
 Explore applications of IOT in various areas of public service
 Understand how IOT networks can be used in building smart applications for public
service
 Explore IOT driven models of smart infrastructure and other public service scenarios
 Propose a development framework for smart city using IOT networks
Introduction to the problem and domain
This research explores all the potential issues and challenges faced by the internet of things in the
smart cities. All the beneficial properties of the internet of things in smart cities have both
positive and negative issues. This chapter of the research will mainly focus on these issues and
challenges. The issue and challenges are a part of all the four modules on internet of things in a
smart city such as the networking, sensing, analysis and control.
Challenges of IOT in smart cities
There are different kinds of challenges related to the extensive use of the internet of things in
smart cities. Some of the prime challenges are described in this unit of the research. Privacy and
security of the systems where internet of things is incorporated are one of the main challenges of
IOT. Most of the IOT enabled systems dedicatedly works on different networks, which makes
the system prone to different kinds of cyber security issues such as the WannaCry Ransomware
attack in Atlanta where essential data were hostage by the cyber criminals. The most important
issues related to the security and privacy is the multitenancy, cross side scripting and side
channels. The IOT enabled systems needs to be more secure so that these issues are immediately
mitigated effectively (Zanella et al., 2014). Network heterogeneity is the other type of challenge