IoT and Smart Cities: A Comprehensive Overview

Running Head: SMART CITY 0
Smart Cities
Essay
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Smart Cities 1
Introduction
Peoples are changing their life styles and surroundings very quickly on daily bases. There is
several development and evaluation in the basic need oh human being. Digital transformation is
growing rapidly for updating and changing common things in the city in an effective and
efficient manner. All things are changes in smart gadgets, such as smartphones. Digital devices
are combined with the internet with the help of sensors makes changes in huge way. This is an
evolution process, which provides drastic changes in living standards of people. For designing a
smart city, all the information gathered at a place then it compile for getting valuable information
for activities management at daily bases and planning for smart city (Angelidou, 2014).
Internet of Things (referred as IoT) is used for converting an urban area into a smart city. There
are so many areas for development and some actions are required for developing those areas into
smart city (Batty, 2013). This report will explain about IoT, smart city, and cloud computing in
next parts.
Smart Cities
IoT is used for all the information management and it will help to manage many things, such as
real time location, air pollution, traffic jams, unnecessary notice, and weather condition. There
are different applications for handling the entire task with the optimal features now days. IoT is
divided in three parts based on layer architecture, which are application layer, perception layer,
and network layer. All these layers provide different functions with the help of applications. IoT
used different things when it combine all the devices and sensor with the server and make it
useful information for the system. These layers are having high processing capacity and low
storage capability with high reliability and security (Centenaro, et al., 2016).
The perception layer is used internet for gathering information from the internet-based devices,
such as sensors. There are different types of sensor for gathering information for calculation,
which is helpful for decision making of system. Some devices are used for collecting
information, which are cameras, Global-positioning System (Referred as GPS), sensors, and

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Radio Frequency Identification Devices (referred as RFID). A connection is available between
the perception later and application layer using Internet technologies. A huge change is occurred
in the field of data transfer technologies day by day. Following technologies are used for the long
distance data transformation, such as 3G, 4G, 5G, LTE, and Wi-Fi connections (Cocchia, 2014).
IoT is enabling many things for making a smart city. The effect of IOT on the smart city is a
critical aspect, which are practiced from a long time as well. There are several literatures where
the applications of the IOT are well explained with real example. Some of them provide very
broad illustration of the topic with the useful frameworks. The frameworks with appropriate
figures provide the implication process and the possible development as well (Gubbi, et al.,
20113).
Even though, IOT can provide many applications to easy the life and work effort. Some rural
areas cannot be monitored and unable to develop with others for the environment and uncertain
challenges. This paper will illustrate a broad about such cases with proper example. The
development process of the IOT is very crucial in some rural places where the scope of the
evolvements is very low due to the uncertain challenges. This paper will illustrate the possible
amplification of the IOT in those areas. It will also illustrate why the development process is
very crucial in those areas as well (Hollands, 2008).
The IoT (Internet of Things) may have many advantages in which it helps human to automate
their work, but it also comes with many disadvantages. Therefore, it depends on the people on
how to use this technology effectively. Every city is having different architecture. So there are
different, challenges and need for develop into a smart city. Cities are requiring many changes to
meet urban challenges, such as the environment, growing population, governance, and mobility
prosperity ( Kim, 2016).