How to Reduce Energy Consumption in Office Buildings

This research focuses on ways to reduce energy consumption in office buildings, specifically in the Knowledge Dock at the University of East London. It explores the use of artificial lighting and passive natural lighting to improve energy efficiency and comfort. The research provides insights and recommendations for other researchers interested in energy conservation.

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HOW TO REDUCE THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION INTO THE OFFICE
BUILDINGS

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Abstract
The objective of this research was to choose an office building at the University of
East London as a case study, to study only one room in a building, namely the Knowledge
Dock. It is known that this consumes a large amount of electricity and contributes to the use
of passive natural light for people, which affects the level of comfort. This research, although
not detailed, provides a considerable insight into ways to conserve energy. in the area of a
building that requires the highest consumption and consumption of energy. This research can
become a basis for other researchers who are interested in this topic to get used to the
different forms and technologies that have been introduced to save energy or reduce costs. By
introducing systems that reduce costs and increase, profits are better than wasting scarce
resources. To calculate the future benefit of the investment made today can be seen in terms
of gas cost savings, maintenance costs and electricity costs.
Keywords: Energy Consumption, Artificial Lighting, Energy Consumption Solution,
Reducing Temperature, East London

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CONTENTS
Abstract................................................................................................................................................2
1- INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................5
1.1 Reseach Aim...............................................................................................................................6
1.2 Objectives of the research:........................................................................................................6
1.3 Research Questions....................................................................................................................7
1.3 Scope...........................................................................................................................................7
1.4 Assumptions...............................................................................................................................7
2- LITERATURE REVIEW...........................................................................................................9
2.1- Energy consumption and Artificial lighting...........................................................................9
2.2- Reduce Energy Consumption by focusing on artificial Lighting..........................................9
2.3- Energy consumption in buildings policies............................................................................10
2.4- Energy in buildings................................................................................................................10
2.5- Hybrid Solar Lighting............................................................................................................11
2.6- Use of Light Emitting Diode (LED) in Knowledge Dock.....................................................12
2.7- Use of BMS for the Building..................................................................................................12
2.8- Motion Sensors and Energy Consumption...........................................................................13
3- METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................................15
3.1 Research Design.......................................................................................................................15
3.2 Research Strategy and Research Programme.......................................................................15
3.3 Data Analysis...........................................................................................................................15
3.4 Research Obstacles..................................................................................................................16
3.5 Ethical Considerations............................................................................................................16
3.6 Procedure.................................................................................................................................16
3.7 Validity and Reliability...........................................................................................................17
3.8 Research Design.......................................................................................................................18
3.9 Project timeline........................................................................................................................19
CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS.....................................................................................................20
CHAPTER 5......................................................................................................................................26
5.1- Conclusion...............................................................................................................................26
5.2- Recommendations..................................................................................................................27
5.2.1- Use of Building Management Systems (BMS)..................................................................27
5.2.2- Occupancy Sensors............................................................................................................27
5.2.3- Holiday Scheduling...........................................................................................................27

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5.2.4- Use of LEDs......................................................................................................................27
5.2.5- Chiller Optimization..........................................................................................................28
5.3- Future Implications................................................................................................................28
APPENDIX.........................................................................................................................................31
Table 1: Questionnaire Statistics.........................................................................................................18
Figure 1: Occupation...........................................................................................................................18
Figure 2: Hours spent in room.............................................................................................................19
Figure 3: Hours spent outside room.....................................................................................................20
Figure 4: Sunlight access to space.......................................................................................................20

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1- INTRODUCTION
Electrical vitality is a standout amongst the most usually utilised wellsprings of
vitality in place of business. This wellspring of sustainable power source is incredibly
profitable as it adds to the general maintainability of the environment and the monetary
working (Ochoa et al., 2012). While the utilisation of vitality is normal to any structure, its
utilisation for the places of business has been observed to be expansive. Places of business in
the United Kingdom alone utilise a normal of right around 18 kilowatts for each hour of
power which adds to the money related weights of the structure and the maintainability of the
regular habitat also.
Moving on, research has shown that the study of this consumption of electrical
energy is especially crucial for the regions where the climate is relatively warm as the heat
encourages the employees that are working within an office building to turn on the cooling
systems and air conditioners which ultimately adds to the consumption of the electrical
energy (Ochoa et al., 2012). This research aims to choose an office building of the University
of East London as a case study in order to study only one room in a building using a great
deal of electricity and which also contributes to the utilisation of passive natural daylight for
the people which affects the level of comfort.
The electrical area to be examined is based on artificial lighting. This is because of the
higher use of electricity for illumination in office buildings, as stated by Pew Center on
Global Climate Change that 11% electricity is used in residential buildings, and 18% is used
in office buildings (ClimateTechBook, Lighting Efficiency, page 1, 2011). The long working
times and the number of employees/students who are spending time in the building are the
main cause of high energy consumption, given the larger area of the building that will
increase the use of artificial illumination and reduce the natural lighting consumption.

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The other cause of the high power consumption is higher voltage systems, even if
they are not forgotten, for a longer period. For this reason, some experts have said that
sensors can help reduce the use of electric power, as if the light automatically switches off
and saves energy when no movement has been identified (ClimateTechBook, Lighting
Efficiency, page 2, 2011).
1.1 Reseach Aim
The purpose of this research is to gain knowledge from different resources about the
artificial lighting and natural lighting to come up with solutions that could be implemented in
reducing the energy usage in one office building at the University of East London. Because if
the carried investigation works just on one building, it could work in any office building.
It is proven that the energy consumption is higher through out the winter than
summer, that's because in the winter day is shorter where that means people will use the
artificial lighting more than natural lighting in compare with summer. Winter season in the
region ranges from a cool to an average cold period as compared to some other chilly regions
of the United Kingdom (Taylor, de Bruin & Dessai, 2014). This implies that the consumption
of electrical energy for the region is usually high throughout the year because of its temperate
climate, with the highest levels of consumption being made during the summer time (Craig &
Feng, 2017). The aim will be to compare the use of electrical energy through the winter and
compare its usage through the spring instead of summer as time is limited.
1.2 Objectives of the research:
1. Research about the monthly/annually costs of the electricity used for artificial lighting
as an approximate number and comparing it with the past three years results to show
how it drastically changed.

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2. To research the use of different artificial lighting systems with a lower and higher
voltage to find out which is more economical for Knowledge dock.
3. To research about the effective use of artificial lighting sources and the passive
daylighting as a means for better management of the use of energy consumption at the
Knowledge Dock.
4. To come up with different solutions to contribute to reducing the energy consumption
in the Knowledge Dock or office building, especially in that location that has a
temperate climate.
5. Using devices to measure the lux per meter square that is provided by the natural
daylighting and a separate device to measure the power of the lighting into the
specific area from the Knowledge Dock.
1.3 Research Questions
 What are the methods of artificial and natural lighting which would be beneficial for
the Knowledge dock?
 What solutions will help in contributing to minimise consumption of energy in office
buildings where there is a temperature climate?
1.3 Scope
As already specified, this study is mainly limited to Office buildings and the survey
will mainly be conducted on those companies, which have their offices in London and want
to find ways to have more efficient energy consumption where there is a temperature climate.
1.4 Assumptions
To find out and effectively attain the objective of this study, the researcher will
undertake the basic assumptions that office buildings, which are taken in research, represent
the major portion of the industry. The second assumption would be that no office have

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inefficient energy consumption throughout the time of research, to avoid any kind of
disruption.

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2- LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1- Energy consumption and Artificial lighting
The difficulties as far as supportability as far as conservation of energy and protecting
the environment are colossal and will require real changes, not exclusively to how vitality is
given yet in addition to how it is expended. Then again, the close connection among energy
and monetary improvement gives ascend, without its industry and end-use evaluation,
categorization, and non-stop checking, to a need to comprehend and monitor the use of
energy.Even if many organisations are making great efforts to supply adequate energy
consumption information around the world, the clear picture of this target is scarce for the
global cooperation of nations, organisations, and agencies.
Due to its large energy consumption and associated consumption, particular emphasis
is on the characteristics of the building sector Delvaeye et al. (2016) presented an analysis of
the use of energy in residential and commercial buildings based on available information for
the 2004 period with detailed breakdowns and special emphasis on HVAC systems in a
previously interesting report. This is for the Knowledge Dock’s efficient functionality and
energy conservation (Saunders & Lewis, 2012).
2.2- Reduce Energy Consumption by focusing on artificial Lighting
These systems benefit from the possibility of dynamic daylighting and artificial
lighting in internal parts of buildings and energy saving. It is necessary to change the
structure to make it an energy efficient building, replace the machine with energy efficient
machinery, which requires the building designing (Shishegar & Boubekri, 2017). The
reduction in energy consumption for heat, ventilation and artificial lighting can help reduce
energy savings in buildings. An energy-efficient manner can develop a building in
accordance with solar radiation and daylight. Saving electricity for permanent artificial

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lighting in building without daylight is a significant technical problem in internal
components. Modern technologies have addressed these problems (Traylor et al., 2019).
2.3- Energy consumption in buildings policies
Given to the increasing energy use trend in buildings, policymakers and authorities
around the globe have adopted energy consumption and energy efficiency in building policies
and measures. There are three categories for the policies designed have been stated below:
1- Regulatory actions such as building regulations, including minimum conditions and
mandatory aspects.
2- Soft instruments are having voluntary standards such as certification, which go far
beyond the criteria of the regulation.
3- The economic incentive used to encourage owners and inhabitants to work on
renovations or refurbishments. This is to improve their buildings energy efficiencies,
such as tax exceptions, grants, energy savings contracts, capital subsidies and loans,
which are subsidised.
Building energy policy demands specific technical awareness, which makes it difficult to
monitor and assess the development of the legal framework from a political point of view.
The purpose is to analyse certain standards, to demonstrate a number of examples, and to
present in many countries the energy and economic effects. In carrying out these policies,
several obstacles were encountered (Gioia et al., 2013).
2.4- Energy in buildings
The construction sector does not typically exist as a unique element in the case of final
energy consumption. Indeed, many energy agencies and organisations are dividing final
energy consumption into three main parts: transport, industry and other uses. The' other' is
vague, with various sub-sectors included. It consolidates residential consumption and non-
specified fishing, agriculture/forestry, public services and commercial (Colmenar-Santos,

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2013). As a result, quantification of energy consumption was frequently, not well assessed in
buildings. However, for much of the energy consumed in buildings with many kinds the other
industry is responsible. The total energy consumption of commercial and residential buildings
in Europe accounts for 40 per cent (Cao et al., 2016; Susorova et al., 2013).
Therefore, a range of initiatives for reducing energy consumption was awarded in the
revision of the Energy Performance Building Directive launched by the European Parliament
and the Council in 2002. As already mentioned, the ultimate energy consumption depends on
time (Colmenar-Santos, 2013). The EU has, for example, seen an increase in building
consumption, nearly 1% per annum since 90, especially for residential buildings, mainly for
non-residential buildings (1.5% annually for non-residential buildings versus 0.6% annually
for households)(Cao et al., 2016).
This predict of consumption is also so complicated because of its uncontrollable aspects
of influence factors such as improvement of building services; the distribution of human
activities; and the dislocation linked to population growth is aside from the unpredictability
of evaluating statistical data. Thus, many recent, advanced and simplified mathematical
models have been developed (Manzan & Clarich, 2017).
2.5- Hybrid Solar Lighting
In the new technology, the visible portion of solar power transmitted by a solar
collector to light-fitting optical cables and piped into building interiors. Controllers monitor
solar light availability and add fluorescence lights, if necessary, to provide the required levels
of lighting at any place.Early tests demonstrate that hybrid lighting is a doable choice in the
main two stories of most of business structures. A solar panel which gathers energy on the
rooftop can be utilized to expel noticeable light from infrared radiation and to utilize the
obvious light for different purposes, for example, power, boiling water warming or a spatial
warming unit. This is plausible for energy generation also. Since energy is split, less heat is

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wasted, instead of other items in the building that consume energy. While the development
and demonstration of hybrid solar lighting systems in various installations is not yet
economically competitive with most other options of lighting (Rattananavathong et al., 2017).
2.6- Use of Light Emitting Diode (LED) in Knowledge Dock
Electrons (atoms lacking an electron) combine in light-emitting diodes and release
energy as light. The technology has been around for several decades, but many lighting LED
applications have only recently become commercially accessible with the development of
improved colour renderings and a reduction in costs. LED fixtures to use between 75 and
80% less electricity than incandescent bulbs, with the lifetime of the light bulbs being 25
times longer. Depending on the LED type, LEDs produce between 27-150 lumens per watt.
LEDs have a small, very high-bright bulb and due to their size, LED fixtures are used for
special purposes, such as decorative lighting or functional lighting in areas that can be
difficult to reach, such as streak lights, exterior lighting, display illumination, stairway
lighting, etc. LEDs are longer lasting than most other light alternatives and are more
controllable because the light is focused and the LED dimmed in a particular direction(Li et
al., 2001).
2.7- Use of BMS for the Building
Using Building Management Systems (BMS) as a platforms which helps to monitor
and control mechanical and electrical devices of building. This helps in increase efficiency
and reduce power consumption by installing the software in the building. This enables
managers to react quickly to changes in energy demand. The DMP or Demand Management
Program is a golden change to avail energy-efficient technology. This is known to improve
and help with the building's operational performance and reduce electricity demand. These
systems enable building managers or operators to control equipment more seamlessly by
means of one system, improving operational effectiveness. This permits the use of energy

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where and when necessary while an outdated BMS may cause an increase in energy
consumption. One can save both energy and money with this program by updating the BMS.
The BMS provides important data and reports for heating, cooling, ventilation and
illumination control.
An example of the ability to adjust the lighting and HVAC systems during maximum
charging periods of an up-to-date BMS. The BMS uses software which integrates the energy
used for illuminating, cooling and ventilating the building with hardware control and
monitors it, which ultimately leads to more efficient energy use planning over a time period
(Santamouris et al., 2015). The BMS regulates operational scheduling, chiller output, air
handler, data collection and activation of trends and demand response. The chiller output
shows operating data from different sensors on the chiller system, including the chiller and
pump status, fluid flow and tempering readings. The air handler shows the operational status
of an air handling unit from different points in the system, including the fan status, air flow,
valve position, water flow and temperature readings (Puolitaival et al., 2018). A typical
example of the programmed operating times for different lighting groups within the building
is provided by the operational planning. A graphical representation of the system temperature
shows the trend in data collection. All of these systems cooperate to control the energy use of
buildings (Wong et al., 2012).
2.8- Motion Sensors and Energy Consumption
When a usually occupied area is vacated, occupancy sensors have the potential to
substantial energy savings by shutting off electrical loads. During a number of load types
used for occupancy sensors, lighting in commercial buildings has frequently been used in
their control. Occupancy sensors are used in many commercial facilities over the past few
years, but the data is scarce which talks about the benefits. In the general valuations of
commercial buildings, the average economy of both the Electric Power Research Institute

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EPRI and Air-Conditioned Engineers ASHRAE is an estimated 30% reduction in the bill.
The energy saving estimates vary from 25 per cent to 50 per cent with occupancy sensors for
lighting equipment in one or two person offices (Phillips, 2013).

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3- METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design
This picture shows the top view of the red rectangle of the Knowledge Dock to show
exactly where a study and analysis took place in the office. This research study will adopt a
research design of quantitative data (Roulston & Shelton, 2015). The reason behind the
selection of this research design is that quantity data can help to develop a much precise
understanding of the variables in question in comparison to qualitative data, where the actual
information required can become clouded due to the flux of the data collection process
needed in the design(Silverman, 2011; Neuman, 2011).
3.2 Research Strategy and Research Programme
Given that this study is based on quantitative information collected to address all the
research aims, a research survey strategy for the collection of data from those participating in
this study is followed. A questionnaire to help gather information on the visual comfort of
employees in the Knowledge Dock is being developed for this purpose. A building simulation
based on the use of daylight integrated environmental solutions (IEs) and other daylight
construction design simulations to study the visual comfort of study participants will be
included in the research programme. The study program will include construction simulation.
3.3 Data Analysis
The use of computational, statistical, mathematical and procedure tools and data
analysis techniques to derive results, which are known as "quantitative," is used to analyse
the data obtained for this research study.
The use of these tools helps to preserve the reliability and analysis of the data. The
results then concluded are therefore considered more exact and can be generalised more
accurately to the other users of the Knowledge Dock. Thus, the analysis of the data will help
address all the purposes and goals of the earlier study.

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3.4 Research Obstacles
One of the major obstacles that will be experienced while carrying out this research study
will be the limited time and resources that can be dedicated to its successful completion.
Because of these limitations, a sample size including only 40-60 participants will be chosen
for this study, which is a relatively smaller size and the respondents who may not be willing
to disclose information about their company or their experience freely and may be bound by
their companies for concealing sensitive information about their system. Limited resources
are also one of the major hindrances, as this thesis paper is being written at the undergraduate
level and the researcher is limited by personal resources. Not all companies will have time for
our research and may not be comfortable with sharing information. Limitations of time would
not allow a larger sample as the process of data collection, and data analysis is lengthy, and
they are required to be completed within the given timeline for this research project.
3.5 Ethical Considerations
All efforts will be made throughout this research to ensure that an ethical approach is
followed. The sample participants will all be selected without discriminating against anyone
included in the study population. All KD staff members will be given equal opportunities to
participate in the study, and this is why random sampling techniques are used. First, every
participant will be informed about the purpose of the survey and will receive their approval if
they wish or do not wish to participate in the survey. Moreover, the data are collected by the
most ethical means, and nobody is forced into the study. For the participants, the decision
will be entirely voluntary. The information provided will be used privately and for
investigation purposes only.
3.6 Procedure
This study is focusing on using an explanatory research design while conducting the
research. The study will focus on gaining knowledge from different resources about the

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artificial lighting and natural lighting to come up with solutions that could be implemented in
reducing the use of energy in one office building at the University of East London. In today's
world, organisations are looking into ways to increase profits without increasing costs
simultaneously. This study will help in identifying which solutions regarding artificial
lighting will be the best for the building as it is the most energy consuming building to
enhance productivity directly and indirectly. In this study, we have identified different
resources of artificial lights and natural lighting to reduce the use of energy in the office
building at the University of East London.
To carry out this research we targeted 50-60 employees of the organisation. The
research questionnaire will be distributed to employees in different organisations. The
constructs being used in the scale will help with the validity and reliability of our research.
The employees will be educated about the research and topic. The results will be gained from
this research helped in identifying which mediating variable plays the most important role in
decreasing costs
3.7 Validity and Reliability
Face Validity: Validity refers to an instrument’s ability to measure what it is
supposed to measure. It is the degree to which the collected data represents the target
population. The study measured the validity of the questionnaire by pre-testing on 20
employees of the office building. Pretesting is important because it will gauge the relevance
of the questionnaire as well as its clarity in measuring variables. This feedback is important
because it will help the researcher improve the design and presentation of the questions as
well as verify the coding used for each variable prior to administering to the sample.
Reliability: Reliability refers to the accuracy of the instrument when it measures the
same variable more than once. Testing the reliability of the questionnaire and how the
questions are coded to help the researcher rectify any problems prior to administering to the

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rest of the sample. The Cronbach Alpha (Coefficient Alpha) test was conducted on the
questionnaire to test for reliability. This widely-used formula is used to estimate the
reliability of an instrument by testing the internal consistency. Coefficient alpha of 0.8 and
above would imply that the questionnaire is reliable.
3.8 Research Design
According to Knight (2010), the research design is often substituted with a study or an
experiment and is considered to be a good research's backbone. A research design is a plan
that is meant to specify a broad assumption to a detailed data collection method and analysis
(Creswell, 2014). This study will be based on quantitative approach in which explanatory
strategy will be used for explaining how to focus on gaining knowledge from different
resources about the artificial lighting and natural lighting to come up with solutions that could
be implemented in reducing the use of energy in one office building at University of East
London which is the independent variables informing the descriptive nature of the research.
These variables will be evaluated and quantified to help the researcher establish how
they affected energy consumption, costs and performance in office buildings. The use of
descriptive design would also enable the researcher to give succinct recommendations to the
management of companies, HR practitioners, and scholars interested in employee wellbeing
in the workplace. This will be a mono study and will be conducted with the help of
questionnaires as Quantitative research helps in explaining phenomena by collecting
numerical data that were analysed using mathematically based methods.

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3.9 Project timeline
To show the timeline and the expected time that would be required to complete this research
project, a Gantt chart has been prepared.
TASKS
Number of Weeks
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Research Proposal
Introduction and
study aim
Analysis of the
Literature Review
Development of
the data collection
tools
Collection of
research data
Analysis of the
collected data
Discussion of the
findings
Conclusion of the
study
Recommendations
and practical
implications
Finalisation of the
Appendix section
Final Formatting
and Submission of
the thesis

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CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS
This chapter will analyse the data which has been accumulated in regard to the
knowledge dock. There will be comment over the usage and lighting and the different users
of the building and insight regarding the specific area. This would help in making comments
and implications over the present conditions of that place.
QUESTIONAIRE STATISTICS
No. Questions Most used answers Percentage
Q1
Occupation Students 80/100%
Q2
What is the area you generally use within the room
KD1.31 in the Knowledge Dock
Middle section 70/100%
Q3
Which times of the day do you typically use this
space
11:00am-7:00pm 65/100%
Q4
How many hours per day do you spend in this
room
3-10 Hours 80/100%
Q5
How many hours per day do you spend outside 1-3 Hours 55/100%
Q6
How do you think the lighting levels of your space
in KD 1.31 could be improved
More lighting 85/100%
Q7
How many hours per day does the sunlight access
this space
1<3 hours 70/100%
Q8
How would you rate the artificial lighting in this
space while they are on
Slightly dimmed lighting 75/100%
Q9
In your own opinion, how important do you find
the energy consumption
Very important 85/100%
Q10
Your Gender Prefer not to say 90/100%
Q11
Your age 18-26 90/100%
Q12
Your Ethnicity Prefer not to say 95/100%

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Q13
Do you live on campus or off campus Prefer not to say 95/100%
Q14
How would you describe your visual health in
general
Poor 65/100%
Q15
Any other comments no comments 90/100%
Q16
How would you improve the lighting into your
workplace
More lighting 85/100%
Q17
From a scale 1-10, how would you rate the
lighting into KD 1.31
6 80/100%
Q18
Do you ever felt that your visualisation getting
affected because of lighting into KD1.31
No 70/100%
Q19
If you could change the Lighting system into the
building, what would be that you would change
More Lighting 85/100%
Q20
What’s your opinion in energy consumption No comment 90/100%
Table 1: Questionnaire Statistics
Q1 What is your occupation?
Figure 1: Occupation
Out of 28 respondents, this was answered by three types of occupation holders. They
were students, lecturers and others. The most common answer was students which accounted
for 80% of the respondents or users.

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Q2 What is the area you generally use within the room KD1.31 in the Knowledge Dock?
Out of 28 respondents, these respondents use the Middle section the most which were
accounting for 70%.
Q3 Which times of the day do you typically use this space?
Out of 28 respondents, were 65% using the time slot of 11 am to 7 pm. While the 35%
time slot was between 7 am to 11 am.
Q4 How many hours per day do you spend in this room.
Figure 2: Hours spent in the room
Out of 28 respondents, the 80% respondent population or users spend 80% of their
time in the Dock Room the rest 20% used it for less or more hours.
Q5 How many hours per day do you spend outside.

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Figure 3: Hours spent outside the room
Out of 28 respondents, 55 per cent of the population spend 1-3 hours outside while
some spend more time outside some spent less outside.
Q6 How do you think the lighting levels of your space in KD 1.31 could be improved
Out of 28 respondents, 85% of the population complained about lighting and
suggested that if the lightning was increased, it could be made better.
Q7 How many hours per day does the sunlight access this space.
Figure 4: Sunlight access to space

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Out of 28 respondents, 70% of the respondents stated that one <3 Hours is the
duration for sunlight is needed here.
Q8 How would you rate the artificial lighting in this space while they are on?
Out of 28 respondents, 75% rated slightly dimmed lighting as the artificial lighting in
the space while the others stated there was neutral, bright and very bright lighting.
Q9 In your own opinion how important do you find the energy consumption
Out of 28 respondents, 85% stress on the energy consumption to be very important
while the remaining 15% comment on its consumption to be neutral or fairly important.
Q10 Your Gender
Out of 28 respondents, 95% prefer not to say their gender and want to maintain
privacy and ambiguity in their responses.
Q11 Your age
Out of 28 respondents, 90% of the respondents are between 18-26 years of age which
makes them probably students while the remaining 10% was above this age bracket while the
average age of the respondents was at 24 years.
Q12 Your Ethnicity
Out of 28 respondents, 95% prefer not to state their ethnicity also.
Q13 Do you live on campus or off campus
Out of 28 respondents, 95% prefer not to reveal their address be it within the campus
or outside while 5% stated their living address.
Q14 How would you describe your visual heath in general
Out of 28 respondents, 65% describe their visual health as poor while 32% feel their
visual health is good and some state bad and worse too.
Q15 Any other comments

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Out of 28 respondents, 90% have no comments while 10% commented on lighting in
its entirety.
Q16 How would you improve the lighting into your workplace
Out of 28 respondents, 85% want more lighting while the remaining 15% are happy
with the present lighting and some are neutral in their view.
Q17 From a scale 1-10, how would you rate the lighting into KD 1.31
Out of 28 respondents, 80% rated their lighting as a six on the scale of 1-10 while the 20%
had different responses in comparison which stated a 7, 3, and different response altogether.
Q18 Do you ever felt that your visualisation getting affected because of lighting into
KD1.31
Out of 28 respondents, 70% have not felt that their visualisation is getting affected
because of lighting into KD1.31 while 30% are mixed and perplexed regarding their feelings
in this aspect.
Q19 If you could change the Lighting system into the building, what would be that you
would change
Out of 28 respondents, 85% want more lighting which is the change they would want
in the Lighting System in the building while the remaining 15% want energy-efficient
lighting.
Q20 What’s your opinion in energy consumption
Out of 28 respondents, 90% have no comments regarding energy consumption while
the rest commented on how it should be conserved or used efficiently.

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CHAPTER 5
5.1- Conclusion
The aim of this research was to choose an office building of the University of East
London as a case study, in order to study only one room in a building, i.e. The Knowledge
Dock. This is known to be using a great deal of electricity and which contributes to the
utilisation of passive natural daylight for the people, which affects the level of comfort. Even
if many organisations are making great efforts to supply adequate energy consumption
information around the world, the clear picture of this target is scarce for the global
cooperation of nations, organisations, and agencies. Due to its large energy consumption and
associated consumption, particular emphasis is on the characteristics of the building sector
Delvaeye et al. (2016) presented an analysis of the use of energy in residential and
commercial buildings based on available information for the 2004 period with detailed
breakdowns and special emphasis on HVAC systems in a previously interesting report.
This is for the Knowledge Dock’s efficient functionality and energy conservation.
There was a questionnaire distributed to 28 respondents, which consisted of 20 questions,
after taking permission from the respondents to maintain ethical code. The conclusion
derived from the responses was that there is more lighting needed as there are about 1-3 hours
spend by the average number of respondents who are mostly students. There complained
regarding their poor visual health and stated that they want more lighting in that part of the
building as their time is mostly spent there. They also expressed a preference for energy
conservation and energy consumption levels being costly to be met. The average respondents
were students and where most of 24 years of age. The electrical area that will be examined is
based on artificial lighting.

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5.2- Recommendations
Use of the following can be beneficial for the knowledge dock as the significance can
be seen in the literature review as well:
5.2.1- Use of Building Management Systems (BMS)
If Building Management Systems (BMS) are installed, these platforms ensure
monitoring and control of mechanical and electrical devices of buildings. It also increases
efficiency and reduces power consumption by installing the software in the building or at
least restricted to the Knowledge Dock area. So that the maximum used place can be
managed effectively as this will allow users to react quickly to changes in energy demand,
which will also be cost-effective and a one-time installation cost.
5.2.2- Occupancy Sensors
As this area not used all around the clock it can be set on a time where the usage is the
most to when the usage is the least, by using occupancy sensors when usually occupied area
is vacated, occupancy sensors have the potential to substantial energy savings by shutting off
electrical loads which will cut down on costs majorly.
5.2.3- Holiday Scheduling
With the help of a calendar, HVAC can define the time period for this place to be on a
break so that there are days where there is energy saving and if the place is empty there is no
energy consumption nor are the air conditions or lighting left unoccupied.
5.2.4- Use of LEDs
Using LED fixtures can help in the reduction in 75 and 80% electricity than
incandescent bulbs, with the lifetime of the light bulbs being 25 times longer which a less
common use of fixture is. These are to be considered for energy efficiency for any type of
building.

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5.2.5- Chiller Optimization
With the help of this cooling requirements can be reduced for the Knowledge Dock as
the chilled water loop temperature will be raised to increase chiller efficiency. There is also a
technique known as the load reset which can raise the child water temperature set point to
ensure values are open.
5.3- Future Implications
This research is although not a detailed one but provides considerable insight into the
ways of conserving energy in the area of a building that requires the most energy
consumption and usage. This research can become a basis for other researchers who are keen
into this topic in order to get accustomed with different ways and technologies which have
been introduced to conserve energy or to bring down costs (Wan et al., 2011). By introducing
systems that cut down on costs and add to, profits are better than wasting scarce resources. In
order to calculate the future benefit of the investment made today can be seen in terms of
saving the gas costs, maintenance costs and electricity costs.

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Delvaeye, R., Ryckaert, W., Stroobant, L., Hanselaer, P., Klein, R. and Breesch, H., 2016.
Analysis of energy savings of three daylight control systems in a school building by means of
monitoring. Energy and Buildings, Vol. 127, pp.969-979.
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of Social Management, Vol. 1, pp. 592-599.
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APPENDIX
No. Questions
Q1
Occupation
Q2
What is the area you generally use within the room KD1.31 in the
Knowledge Dock
Q3
Which times of the day do you typically use this space
Q4
How many hours per day do you spend in this room
Q5
How many hours per day do you spend outside
Q6
How do you think the lighting levels of your space in KD 1.31
could be improved
Q7
How many hours per day does the sunlight access this space
Q8
How would you rate the artificial lighting in this space while they
are on
Q9
In your own opinion, how important do you find the energy
consumption
Q10
Your Gender
Q11
Your age
Q12
Your Ethnicity
Q13
Do you live on campus or off campus
Q14
How would you describe your visual heath in general
Q15
Any other comments
Q16
How would you improve the lighting into your workplace

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Q17
From a scale 1-10, how would you rate the lighting into KD 1.31
Q18
Do you ever felt that your visualisation getting affected because
of lighting into KD1.31
Q19
If you could change the Lighting system into the building, what
would be that you would change
Q20
What’s your opinion in energy consumption