Leadership Studies and Development

This assignment provides an extensive list of academic papers, research studies, and articles related to leadership development, styles, and management techniques. The resources cover various topics such as participative leadership, servant-leadership, face management, crisis management, and more. The papers are sourced from reputable journals, conferences, and books, offering a wealth of knowledge for students, researchers, and professionals in the field of leadership studies.

Leadership and
Management

INTRODUCTION
Leadership is the ability of a person to influence the group the individuals and it is
performed by the leader so that it can lead the individuals in order to perform the task so that
goals of corporation can be accomplish (Connolly Knox, 2019). Administration show a vital
function in order to effectively manage the work so that all employees can perform as per the
requirement of organisation. As the manager is soluble to manage and control the business
activities. To better understand this concept Aston Martin has been chosen which is a British
luxury sports car manufacturing company. There are various topics are covered in this report
such as: to distinguish among function of a leader & functions of manager, different types of
theories and models related to leadership, importance and value of operation management in
attaining business concern subjective. Apart from this, report also discuss about components
within the business concern surroundings which effect upon functional management &
decision making by leaders and managers.
TASK 1
P 1 Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager
Leader and manager execute several functions in the organisation and help the
organisation to accomplish its predefined goals. All companies become successful because of
leaders and managers reason being they handle to business operations and take better
decisions which is helpful for the organisation to get success. Both of them have different
roles which comes from their designation.
Leader: It is a person who take lead and encourage the individuals to perform better
in order to accomplish the aims of organization. As the leader of Aston Martin is optimistic
which help it face the obstacles.
Roles of leader:
 Role of leader is to support the team members and provide the guidance in order to
accomplish the targets which are set by management of Aston Marion.
 It encourage the employees to perform better and take initiative so that they will ready
to take challenges and able to resolve the problems which arises at work place.

 To monitor the activities of group members and provide suggestions to improve their
performance.
Manager: It is that person who manage the business activities so that it can be effectively
perform and goals of company can be fulfilled. The manager of Aston Martin is emphasis to
make better policies so that predefined targets can be accomplish as per the desire of
company.
 To make better plans and strategies and take effective decisions which support the
growth of Aston Martin.
 To control the business activities so that task can be performed by the employees in
effective manner.
Characteristics of a leader and a manager
Basis Leader Manager
Meaning Leader is that person who
encourage the individuals to
perform better so that
predetermined objectives
can be fulfilled (Reunanen,
2019).
Manager is that individual
who is answerable to control
the business concern
operations.
Focus Leading people Managing people in the
organisation.
Role To follow the plans and
policies in order to achieve
goals of Aston Martin
To make plans and strategies
so business activities can
perform smoothly.
Nature Creative Persistent
Power It has power to influence the
people.
It has power to manage the
things
So it has been analysed that manager and leader maneuver an essential duty in the
prosperity of business entity. As leader has power to influence the group of people so that
they can perform better. There are various leadership styles which are helpful to encourage

the workers so that they can execute better in order to accomplish the aims of firm. To
manage the business it show an crucial role and it is the duty of manager to frame better
business strategies which support the growth of business.
P 2 Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in
different situational contexts.
As leader and manager both have different roles and perform it very effectively so
that corporation can fulfil its business objectives. The main role of a leader is to lead the team
mates and motivate them to perform better as per the need of company. It can influence the
individuals by its leadership style. Where are manager is responsible to manage and control
all the enterprise trading operations and it is the responsibility of manager to make
appropriate strategies which help to accomplish business impersonal. So there are various
ascertain through which function of a leader and function of a manger can be analysed.
 As there is situation arise in the company that it have to manufacture 500 sports car
within two weeks so that organisation can fulfil the urgent requirement of order. In
this specific situation manager can take effective decision and give instructions to the
employees that they have to work 2 hours extra in a day. For that purpose it is the role
of leader to motivate the staff to work extra so that Aston Mrtin can meet the
requirement of an urgent order. For the extra work all works are liable to get
incentives.
 As due to transportation strike, there is a situation arises that Aston Martin does not
have sufficient raw material to manufacture the sports vehicles. As a result it cannot
manufacture the cars in order to fulfil the requirement of urgent order. In this
situation, it is the duty of manager to think critically and take better decision and this
regard it takes decision that they can acquire the raw material from local suppliers so
that production process does not get hamper. In this case, the role of leader is to
encourage the staff to perform in a effective manner so that predefined goal can
achieve.
From the above situations it has been analysed that manager and leader both are very
important for a corporation because they handle the problems in order to achieve the targets
of firm. Both have one common objective that is to perform better so that company can get
success and earn higher profits.

P3. Applying different models and theories of approach.
Leadership is an important function which include a process of persuading
individuals. Effective form of leadership helps in reducing conflicts, proving clear vision and
guiding employees in best effective manner.
Contingency leadership theory: This form of leadership theory is also termed as an
Fielders contingency theory. There are mainly two form of elements that are required to be
have by a leader in order to effectively operate operations within an organisation. In an
contingency theory there are mainly two form of theory that include, task-oriented leaders
and people-oriented leaders (Giordano, 2019). With the assist of contingency concept Aston
Martin can effectively able to frame policies with the assist of which company can well able
to perform their functions.
Situational leadership: As per this concept, efficacious leaders are the one who are
more open to alterations which are made in style with respect to prevailing situations. Every
leadership style is not effective for every position, for this leader need to have effectual style
of leadership for every situation. This style has been opted by Aston Martin to increase their
counter volatility, productivity, decipher situational complexity and inspire adaptability. This
is one of the most flexible approach which assists Aston Martin to increase growth as well as
profit. Like, they are facing high turnover rate as well as disputes among superiors and
subordinates. Leader must alter the style as per prevailing situation.
System leadership theory: This style of leadership is straightforward and
collaborative which develops network or cluster among people at various levels of system. It
aims at “whole system” for having sustainable growth within company. It comprises of four
components, they include overall procedure, strategies, foundation of system and actionable
method. Aston Martin formulate systematic work design and strategies.
TASK 3
P4. Key approaches to operations management and role played by managers and leaders
Operation administration is the very helpful approach in order to keep records of cost
production and revenues in a proper manner which is achieved by the company. In regards
with Aston Martin, they operate two main operation functions that is transportation and
production. Now description of both functions are given below:

Transportation function: It refers to the transforming process in which they shift
finished goods from one place to another (Lythreatis, Mostafa and Wang, 2019). In this
Aston Martin gives surety about their product that their goods will be delivered with in the
specific time.
Production function: It is the prior function of each and every organisation. This is
because it is the main function which starts their procurement with the raw material and their
delivery in to the proper finished goods. That's why Aston Martin, employees or managers
has to ensures about the product quality which is accomplished through the company
appropriately. There are few approaches which is used by Aston Martin in order to manage
their operations effectively:
Six Sigma: It is the tools and techniques of lot of processes of improvements. It was
formed by the Bill Smith Engineer in the year of 1980. it is also considered the all
opportunities in order to produce few features and part of the statistics effectively. Six
sigma's strategies always change the output quality of a process through analysing and
removing the causes of defects of the business processes. Along with this it will helps in
Aston Martin in order to make their strategies regarding their products. With the help of this
approach company can easily remove the errors from the management functions in an
effective manner.
Just In Time Approach: It is an inventory strategy where all material can be ordered
only as they are required in the process of production. In context of Aston Martin, their
managers used this approach in order to run their business functions effectively.
TQM: It is the customer oriented approach in which Aston Martin ensures their product
quality and services which is provided by them. Therefore, total quality management is
necessary.
Role played by a leader:
Leaders of Aston Martin always motivate or encourage the team members in an
effective manner. Leader also focuses on the product quality and remove wastage from the
material.
Role played by a manager:

Manager also helps in controlling the company's function and operation in order to
encourage workers regarding their activity and enhance their working efficiency in a
particular manner.
P5. Importance of operations management in achieving business objectives
Operations management is considered as the managerial concept which is connected
with planning, managing, supervising work within the company in effective manner. All of
these activities are required to be followed by each and every operational manager in order to
improving productivity of company effectively. In context of Aston Martin, the main
objectives of operations manager of this company is to balance speed and dependability of
working activities. It can be said that operations management of this company works
effectively in order to provide better services to customers. Apart from this, there are
numerous of benefits of operations management for this company which are stated as below:
Reduction of cost: Effective management of operational activities are helpful for
business organisation in reducing their costing (Podsakoff and Podsakoff, 2019). In context
of Aston Martin, it can be aforesaid that operations management is considered as the
necessary tool which is helpful for the company in reducing its cost without compromising
with the quality. Cost reduction is beneficial for the company in enhancing profitability of the
company which leads to quick success. In order to improve performance manager of this
company focuses on motivating employees regular basis and also conducts training sessions
for them at regular basis for improving their skills.
Enhancing overall productivity: Effective operations management also helps
company in improving productivity of employees as they are well trained and owns better
skills with which they can easily execute their work in efficacious style.
Quality management: Managers as well as leaders of Aston Martin are regularly
checking activities of employees in order to check that whether they are working well or not.
It also helps them in managing quality services of employees that are performed by them in
effective manner.

TASK 4
P6. Factors of business environment affect operational management and decision-making by
leaders and manager
There are numerous of components of business environment which influences
operations management as well as determination devising pattern of managers and leaders. It
components are of two types that is internal and external factors. Both kind of components of
business concern surroundings are elaborated as below:
Internal Factors
These components are mainly available within premises of company and holds high
capacity of affecting operational activities and success of the business organisation. It can be
said that these factors controls working capability of company. In context of Aston Martin,
some of the main internal factors which influences its operational activities are defined as
below:
Human resources : Employees of the company are considered as the valuable asset
which assists them in attaining their pre determined aims and business objectives. These
factors are also helpful for organization in rising its execution and enhancing net profit. It can
be said that if an organisation does not hold skilled and trust worthy employees then it would
not be possible for them achieve targeted goals. With reference to Aston Martin, it can be
said that its top management team gives more preference to experienced employees at the
time of recruitment. This is helpful for company in maximising their good work force which
can work devotedly with the company for longer period of time. Effective and experienced
work force is also helpful for company in improving its productivity with the support of
employees.
Organisation structure: Organisational structure is considered as the framework
which assist and guides organisational in formulating, managing, assigning work
responsibility to employees and selecting effective channel of communication for employees
with in the company (Loon, 2019). In context of Aston Martin, it can be said that this
company is already having an effective structure which helpful in reducing conflict level at
workplace and also helps in maintaining proper communication among employees. Along
with this, organisational head also guides each and every manager about rules and regulations
in order to ensure that all of them will going be followed in the company.

Capital resources: Every organisation requires capital resources for performing their
business activities effectively at workplace. Therefore, it is essential for each and every
company to own satisfactory capital which contributes in executing business activities in
effective manner. This capital mainly come from banks in terms of loan and stakeholders. In
context of Aston Martin, it can be said that its managers are using available financial
resources effectively in order to maximise their profitability with right investment at right
time.
External Factors: External components are considered as those outer elements are not in the
control of company. These factors holds capacity of affecting company directly or indirectly.
With reference to Aston Martin, it can be said that external environmental factors for this
company are stated as below:
Customer Demands – Customers are the main stakeholder of the company which
holds capacity of affecting profitability of the company. Therefore, main focus of every
company is on demand of company and they also focuses on fulfilling their demand in
effective manner. With reference to Aston Martin, its manager and leaders initially analyse
whole market and available customers. After analysing them effectively they further takes
effective decision. This is helpful in providing effective products to customers as they are
developed on the basis of their expectation only.
Legal factors: Central government of every country is formulating their own laws for
every sector which are required to be followed by all of the companies respectively (Kanki,
2019). With reference to Aston Martin, it has been analysed that its managers and leaders are
taking decisions by considering all legal norms which are mandatory to be followed by them.
This helps the company in performing their work effectively without missing any legal law.
Technological factors : Technology are considered as the main factor which helps
company in making their work easier at the time of execution business activities in company.
With the changing time, it is required by every company to upgrade their technology so that
they can gain competitive advantage. With reference to Aston Martin, it can be said that its
managers and leaders are adopting latest technology as well as techniques through which
attribute of goods and services can be improved and productivity could be enhanced
effectively.

CONCLUSION
On the basis of preceding defined document, it has been terminated that managers and
leaders maneuver an indispensable role in growth of business concern administration. It has
been further evaluated that it is compulsory for the company to look after their operations
management as they are highly important part of the company. It has also been seen that, it is
essential for managers and leaders to adopt contingency leadership approach as it helpful in
dealing with every kind of situations. In addition to this, leaders can also adopt
transformational theory which is more effective as compared to other theories. Along with
this, it is mandatory for each and every leader and manager to analyse all environmental
factors which influences decision making process of company. This analysis is helpful for
them in taking effective decisions which are contributing equally in maximising profits of the
company.
REFERENCES
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