Analyzing Classical Management Theories and Leadership Styles of Marriott International

This document analyzes the classical management theories and leadership styles of Marriott International, linking them to a range of management theories and providing evidence of Marriott's organizational structure and culture.

Unit Title and Number: Leadership and Management for Service Industry (Unit 5)
(Ensure you include your Full name, student ID and Date)
INSTRUCTIONS
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Questions (a) and (b) in Task A MUST be completed.
Question (a) in Task B MUST be completed, question (b) can only be completed if you aim
for a Merit OR Distinction.
Feedback and Grade
Although there is relevant discussion on the role of a manager, the discussion is generic and brief as well as
the attempt on the evaluation of management theories alongside their principles and the leadership styles.
Also, the roles of a leader highlighted are too generic. The requirement has not been met.
The part B requires identification of the strengths and weaknesses of the case study organisation in relation
to the scenario, this was not provided. Also, the internal and external factors that influences management
styles and structure of the case study organisation has not been investigated and analysed.
Grade: Re-rewrite Task A & B
Task A
a) Analyse and evaluate the current classical management theories and leadership styles of
Marriot International. Link the leadership styles to a range of management theories and
provide evidence of Marriott International organisational structure and culture that
demonstrates its talent management strategies.
b) With regards to the different classical management theories and leadership styles highlighted in
A (a) above, Explain the roles of a leader and the roles of a manager in the case study
organisation (Provide a minimum of 3 roles for each).
NOTE: To discuss the above, you will have to first assess different classical management theories,
leadership styles and explain the role of the leader and manager before linking them to Marriott
International.
PART A
Classical management theory is based on beliefs that staff within an organisation only have
economic and physical needs. It does not consider social needs or job satisfaction but advocates
decision making, profit maximisation, centralized leadership and many more. There are several

classical management theories which Marriott can apply within there working explanation are as
follows.
Scientific management theory – This theory was developed by F.W. Taylor. The use of this
theory can be made in the organizations so that they are able to make sure that the right
scientific management techniques are applied by them in order to ensure that the
organization is able to achieve their goals and objectives in an effective manner. For Marriott
International the use of this theory is quite important for ensuring higher efficiency and
effectiveness.
The principles which are associated with this theory are as follows-
 Science, Not Rule of Thumb
 Harmony, Not Discord
 Mental Revolution
 Cooperation, Not Individualism
 Development of each and every person to his or her greatest efficiency and prosperity
Bureaucratic management theory – This theory was given by Max Weber. The use of this
theory can be made in the companies so that a structure of bureaucracy is created within
them. Thus in this way the firms are able to make sure that the administration of the company
is done in an effective manner. In the context of Marriott International the use of this theory
can be made for the purpose of ensuring that a bureaucratic structure is formed in the
organization.
The principles under this theory are as follows-
 A formal hierarchical structure

 Rules-based management
 Functional Speciality Organization
 Up-focused or In-focused Mission
 Impersonal
 Employment based on Technical Qualifications
Administrative management theory- This theory was given by Henry Fayol. It makes its focus
on administrative management principles. Fayol has given 14 principles of management all of
which focus on improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. In Marriott
International, the managers must make the use of this theory so that they are able to
administrate in a better manner.
The principles of this theory are as follows-
 Division of work
 Authority and Responsibility
 Discipline
 Unity of Command
 Unity of Direction
 Subordination of Individual Interest
 Remuneration
 Centralization
 Scalar Chain

 Order
 Equity
 Stability of Tenure of Personnel
 Initiative
 Espirit de Corps
Human relations theory- This theory has been given by Elton Mayo. According to it, the
employees should be treated as individuals with diverse needs and requirements and not like
machines. It focuses on forming of good relationships with the workers so that they are able
to attain a higher level of productivity in their working pattern. In Marriott International, the
leaders are required to ensure this by correctly applying this theory in the organizational
context.
The principles of this theory are as follows-
 Understanding of human behaviour
 Inter-personal relations
 Good human relations
 Use of concepts and principles of behavioural sciences
Leadership styles – There are several leadership styles which leaders of Marriott Hotel implement
in their working for gaining of better outcomes. These are explained as follows-
 Autocratic style – In this style the leaders establish complete autocracy within the
organization. The employees are not able to take the decisions on their own and therefore
there is little or no democracy within the processes of the organization. Thus, In Marriott

International there is a requirement of using this style when the employees are required to
be given specific instructions so that they can attain a particular task.
 Democratic Style- The use of Democratic Style can be made in the companies so that
democracy is established in decision-making and the workers are involved in the part of
the decision-making process. In the context of Marriott International, this style is quite
helpful in ensuring that leaders are able to work along with the employees and take their
opinion for the decision-making process.
 Laissez-Faire Style- The use of Laissez-Faire style is made by the leaders by allowing the
workers complete freedom. For Marriott International, there is a requirement of ensuring
that leaders use this style in certain projects where the workers are to given complete
freedom to take the desired action. The leader here only intervenes when the decisions on
important matters is to be taken leaving the taking of rest of the decisions on the workers.
 Paternalistic Style- When this style is used in the organizations, the leader acts like a
partriarch and treats the workers as a part of the extentded family. For the leaders of
Marriott International, the use of this style is beneficial as it will allow them to be able to
ensure that the goals and objectives are effectively achieved.
Role of leader
 Providing directions- A leader is a person who needs to provide specific direction to the
people within the organization. In the context of Marriott International the leader is able to
provide the right directions to the subordinates which ensures that they achieve their goals
and objectives.
 Alignment of people- A leader makes sure that proper alignment of people within the
organization can be done. In Marriott International, the leaders are able to engage with the

team members in a proper manner which enables the attainment of the desired success in
the future time period.
 Motivation- In the firms the leaders are able to make sure that the motivation is provided
to the workers. This ensures that they are productive enough to achieve their tasks in a
highly effective manner. Also it provides the required help and support to them. In Marriott
International, the employees require that their leaders motivate them correctly.
Role of manager
 Plan- The managers plan the development and goals of Marriott International. Approves a
detailed business management plan. They lead their employees and motivate them to
meet these goals. For the managers of Marriott Internation lthe use of planning is
important because by using it the goals can be set, budgets can be submitted and the
resources can be allocated in a better manner.
 Organize – This role is synchronization and combination of human physical and financial
resources. Providing training to projects and programs management teams. In the context
of Marriott International, the managers are able to organize and manage their resources in
a highly efficient manner so that goals and objectives can be achieved. For this they should
create and establish a structure, communicate the plan, develop staffing and assign the
responsibilities and develop the policies, procedures and systems for monitoring progress.
 Coordinate and Control- In the companies, the managers have a role of ensuring that
proper coordination and control of the different activities and tasks is done properly. In
Marriott International, the managers are able to ensure that they are able to coordinate
and control the different types of activities by monioring the results, measuring the results
and facilitation of problem-solving.

It is important for Marriott International to implement suitable management and ridership style
within there working so that better outcomes will be gained. Explanation of leadership style are
mention below:
Leadership style – For working of Marriott International it is important to implement democratic
leadership style in their working so that daily basis operations will conduct in effective manner.
Because with the assistance of this respective service sector organization come with something
innovative because employees have fresh mind as they always come with something innovative in
market.
Management style – For Marriott International administrative management style is effective
because with the assistance of this they will able to conduct each and every activity within
effective manner such as planning, coordinating, organizing, controlling commanding.
Justification- According to the case study, there is a requirement for the management of
Marriott International to be able to use democratic leadership style because by using it the
managers will be able to develop the decision-making authority in the subordinates which is
essential for hospitality industry. Also by making the use of administrative management style the
managers will be able to administrate in a much better manner which will help in adjusting
according to the requirements of hospitality industry.

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Task B
a) Identifying Marriot International’s strength and weaknesses, investigate and analyse what in
your opinion are the internal and external factors that will influence Marriot International’s
management styles and structures in their quest for success.
b) Critically analyse how specific management styles have been influenced and changed by
internal and external factors in Marriot International (***This question is Optional***)
NOTE: To answer the above question, you will have to take into consideration the impact of talent
management strategies.
Factors
PART B
Strengths-
 Global chain of hotels- Marriott International is a global chain of hotels which operates in
different countries of the world. It has a strong network of hotels present everywhere.
 Large Client Base- Marriott International has a large client base and therefore this allows it
to make sure that it is able to expand using proper strategies and techniques in an
appropriate manner.
Weaknesses-
 Weak in marketing- Compared to other global chains like Hilton, Accor Group etc. Marriott
International is a bit weak in its marketing approach as it does not makes use of sufficient
new techniques of marketing.
 Reliant of North American Market- Marriott Group's core revenues are derived within the
North American Market. Thus it is reliant on this market and therefore this acts as its
weakness.

Thus according to the case study, in the current scenario where the dynamic requirements of the
organizations keep on changing constantly there is a particular requirement on the part of
Marriott International's leaders and managers to be able to adjust to them in an effective manner.
Thus the motivation of the staff members becomes quite crucial and has to be considered.
Therefore the leaders and managers here need to make the use of appropriate styles which will
not only ensure better administration but will also enable them to motivate the various workers to
be able to effectively face the change and adjust accordingly. Therefore the SWOT analysis here
will be helpful for them to assess the internal situation and bring improvements if desired.
Strengths should be capitalised, Weaknesses should be minimized, Opportunities should be used
and Threats should be evaded.
Factors affecting selection of leadership and management style-
Internal factors-
 Structure of the organization- The structure which is followed within the organizations is
quite important to be considered for the selection of an appropriate leadership and
management style. In Marriott International, the leaders and managers must consider this
factor before selecting the style.
 Culture of the organization- The culture which is followed within the organization has its
implications on the leadership and management style to be selected. In the context of
Marriott International, the leaders and managers must make sure that they consider this
factor.
 Employee engagement and commitment- In the companies, the level of employee
engagement and commitment has to be measured by the leaders and managers. For the

leaders and managers of Marriott International, the use of right approach is quite essential
here.
External factors-
 Management of diverse talent, stakeholders and customers- In the organizations this is an
important factor because the leaders and managers are required to manage this so that
they are able to apply their respective styles in a correct manner. This has to be ensured in
the context of Marriott International.
 Customized practices- In the firms the practices are changed in order to meet the changing
requirements. This is an important factor which has to be considered by them. Therefore
for the leaders and managers of Marriott International this is crucial to be considered.
 Digital and Innovative Disruption- It is an important factor because the innovation has to
be considered by the organizations as a crucial part which needs to be applied in their
processes to meet the dynamic requirements of the business environment. This has been
caused by the Airbnb in the hospitality industry and has to be considered by the leaders
and managers of Marriott International.