Analyzing Classical Management Theories and Leadership Styles of Marriott International

Unit Title and Number: Leadership and Management for Service Industry (Unit 5)
(Ensure you include your Full name, student ID and Date)
INSTRUCTIONS
Text Font: Times New Roman OR Calibri OR Arial
Text font size: 12
Line spacing: 2.0 (Double line spacing)
Questions (a) and (b) in Task A MUST be completed.
Question (a) in Task B MUST be completed, question (b) can only be completed if you aim
for a Merit OR Distinction.
Feedback and Grade
Although there is relevant discussion on the role of a manager, the discussion is generic and brief as well as
the attempt on the evaluation of management theories alongside their principles and the leadership styles.
Also, the roles of a leader highlighted are too generic. The requirement has not been met.
The part B requires identification of the strengths and weaknesses of the case study organisation in relation
to the scenario, this was not provided. Also, the internal and external factors that influences management
styles and structure of the case study organisation has not been investigated and analysed.
Grade: Re-rewrite Task A & B
Task A
a) Analyse and evaluate the current classical management theories and leadership styles of
Marriot International. Link the leadership styles to a range of management theories and
provide evidence of Marriott International organisational structure and culture that
demonstrates its talent management strategies.
b) With regards to the different classical management theories and leadership styles highlighted in
A (a) above, Explain the roles of a leader and the roles of a manager in the case study
organisation (Provide a minimum of 3 roles for each).
NOTE: To discuss the above, you will have to first assess different classical management theories,
leadership styles and explain the role of the leader and manager before linking them to Marriott
International.
PART A
Classical management theory is based on beliefs that staff within an organisation only have
economic and physical needs. It does not consider social needs or job satisfaction but advocates
decision making, profit maximisation, centralized leadership and many more. There are several

classical management theories which Marriott can apply within there working explanation are as
follows.
Scientific management theory – This theory was developed by F.W. Taylor. The use of this
theory can be made in the organizations so that they are able to make sure that the right
scientific management techniques are applied by them in order to ensure that the
organization is able to achieve their goals and objectives in an effective manner. For Marriott
International the use of this theory is quite important for ensuring higher efficiency and
effectiveness.
The principles which are associated with this theory are as follows-
 Science, Not Rule of Thumb
 Harmony, Not Discord
 Mental Revolution
 Cooperation, Not Individualism
 Development of each and every person to his or her greatest efficiency and prosperity
Bureaucratic management theory – This theory was given by Max Weber. The use of this
theory can be made in the companies so that a structure of bureaucracy is created within
them. Thus in this way the firms are able to make sure that the administration of the company
is done in an effective manner. In the context of Marriott International the use of this theory
can be made for the purpose of ensuring that a bureaucratic structure is formed in the
organization.
The principles under this theory are as follows-
 A formal hierarchical structure

 Rules-based management
 Functional Speciality Organization
 Up-focused or In-focused Mission
 Impersonal
 Employment based on Technical Qualifications
Administrative management theory- This theory was given by Henry Fayol. It makes its focus
on administrative management principles. Fayol has given 14 principles of management all of
which focus on improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. In Marriott
International, the managers must make the use of this theory so that they are able to
administrate in a better manner.
The principles of this theory are as follows-
 Division of work
 Authority and Responsibility
 Discipline
 Unity of Command
 Unity of Direction
 Subordination of Individual Interest
 Remuneration
 Centralization
 Scalar Chain

 Order
 Equity
 Stability of Tenure of Personnel
 Initiative
 Espirit de Corps
Human relations theory- This theory has been given by Elton Mayo. According to it, the
employees should be treated as individuals with diverse needs and requirements and not like
machines. It focuses on forming of good relationships with the workers so that they are able
to attain a higher level of productivity in their working pattern. In Marriott International, the
leaders are required to ensure this by correctly applying this theory in the organizational
context.
The principles of this theory are as follows-
 Understanding of human behaviour
 Inter-personal relations
 Good human relations
 Use of concepts and principles of behavioural sciences
Leadership styles – There are several leadership styles which leaders of Marriott Hotel implement
in their working for gaining of better outcomes. These are explained as follows-
 Autocratic style – In this style the leaders establish complete autocracy within the
organization. The employees are not able to take the decisions on their own and therefore
there is little or no democracy within the processes of the organization. Thus, In Marriott