Leadership & Management: Past, Present, and Future

This presentation delves into the evolution of leadership and management, discussing topics such as organizational structure, classical management theories, and the role of leaders and managers. It explores different leadership styles and compares management and leadership styles. The presentation also provides insights into the past, present, and future of leadership and management.

Leadership &
Management, Past, Present
and Future

 Introduction
 Organizational Structure
 Different classical management theories
 Scientific Management theory
 Different types of organizational culture
 SWOT Analysis for Marriott
 Roles of a leader and manager
 Specific Leadership style
 Specific Management Style
 Review of leadership and management style
 Compare and contrast management and leadership style
 Conclusion
Table of Content

Introduction
Leadership and management is necessary for every organization, whether service or
any other, as this assist in making performance adequate for business level. In the
service sector, leadership is compulsive to perform for an effective people management
along with enhances motivation of an employees to brings out strategic position for
service firm. In the current era, leadership & management is responsible for a
productive functioning of business and ensures about firms growth.

Organizational Structure
Organizational Structure focuses on defining the roles and responsibilities of people in
an organization. Employees working in an organization are made clear with their
roles, responsibilities, powers are defined according to their designation provided on
the basis of their qualities and talent for the job role they are provided with. The
communication process is also made from the top level management to lower level
management as orders and vice versa as feedback or suggestions.

Different classical management theories
Management is constitutes of the five different function such as planning, organizing,
staffing, directing and controlling and this has become part of every organization
function or service with support of which business can targets goals or target in given
point of time.

Scientific Management theory
This theory was founded by the Frederick Taylor who is still known as Father of
scientific management and with this, he defines several principles with the purpose to
led manager know how to make choices such as increase productivity

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Science, Not Rule of Thumb: This principal reveals that decisions are to be taken by
the managers which is based on perfect scientific inquiry, it will be prominent and
necessary to take initiatives to get on exact reason for the conflict and based on which,
corrective course of action will be initiates which would assist the managers to have
better relationship with employees.
Harmony, Not Discord: This principle will have to be signifies, that this would be
suitable to make proper understanding between both management and worker and also
both of them must feel, as part of common goals or targets which enables business to
achieves mutual trust & clear attitude for each other.

The different types of organisational culture
Power culture: In this type of culture, power is resourced with few common
individuals whose influence is spread in an organization
Role culture: Business organization with role culture is based on defined rules and
regulation. These culture can highly controlled with exact knowledge and information
what actually are the roles and responsibilities of an organization
Matrix Organizational Structure: It refers to the functional organizational structure
of an organization and the projected organizational structure. With the help of this
structure it will be possible for the companies to have benefits of both types of
organizational structure which functional as well as divisional.

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Task culture: These type of culture generally formed when teams are formed with
purpose of addressing specific problem or tasks.
Person culture: In this type of culture, individuals are seen themselves as most unique
and relevant to an organization.

SWOT Analysis for Marriott
Mental Revolution: This principle tells that the change in attitude of superior person
along with subordinate for both
Cooperation, not individualism: Under this principle, explanation is that managerial
person must treat its people with greet and appreciates their effort to enlarge business
functioning and raises business competencies at a productive level of time.

Roles of a leader and manager
Leader
• Motivator: The leader's of the firm are used to motivates their team member's to
accomplishes desired goals and targets into the given point of time.
• Inspiration: Leader's of this firm have been acted as big inspiration for their team people
and also comes as lead person to accomplishes business goals at the given point of time.

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Manager:
• Resource allocator: This is one of the necessary role of manager to do planning for
resources and also estimates additional resources that will be put to acquire the same.
• Action plan: Manager is focused towards making action plan for business future and
decision making for the same.

Specific Leadership style
A leader adopt various leadership style with the purpose of influencing employees and
workers of the company so that they can work according to the rules and regulations
and accomplish the set objectives and goals of the company in appropriate way.
• Democratic: This type of leadership is comprises of getting support of team people
into the process of sharing of their views, opinion or idea to gather business
performances to right centric to business objectives or targets.
• Autocratic: In this leadership, all decision making power and authorities are lies in
the hand of top level managerial person.

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Laissez faire: In this type of leadership, information, views and idea will be gather by
team people, but final decision will taken by the team leaders.
However, after evaluating different leadership style, democratic style is more effective
and productive for Wa-Pila which will help to gather business objectives to
accomplished and achieves till entire working tenures.

Past Leadership
 In context of past, the classical management theory was used by the Wa-Pila hotel
which is a part of bureaucratic management approach.
 In this, Power culture was taken by Wa Pila hotel in its past time, this is why
because of company was newly established and rigidity were compulsory.
 In past, the leadership style used by the leaders were Autocratic Leadership Style.
There were several reasons because of which the following adoption was done such
as the small size of the businesses, lack of technology, lack of knowledge of
employees and mostly the work was not related to mind but to power of an
individual. So due to this reason, in the past the leadership style which was adopted
in the organization was Autocratic Leadership Style.

Present leadership
 Presently, administrative management theory is underusag used by the Wa-Pila hotel.
 Democratic leadership is underusage by management team of a Wa-Pila hotel with
purpose to enhances changes in their current practices.
 Talking about present leadership style, which is being followed in the organizations is
Democratic Leadership Style. With the passing of time, there has been an increment in
the knowledge as well as the size of the business of the employees and business
respectively. So it become difficult for owners to look over all the aspects of the
business. Due to this reason, this leadership style has been adopted in present and
decentralization of power is made.

Future Leadership
 Scientific classical management thoery is applicable for future to get effective results.
 In culture, role culture will be utilises, because role culture is focused on giving work to
employees as per their expertise
 Laissez faire leadership style will applicable for a future, because it would helpful to allow
to represent their perspective towards work.
 In future, the use of Laiseez Faire Leadership Style will be used. This leadership
style says that the subordinates will receive very little guidance from their superiors,
the juniors will have enough knowledge about their tasks and duties which they
have to perform. Also, in future the size of business will increase and this will also
result into more decentralization of power.

Specific Management Style
Physiological need: These are some biological requirements for human survival i.e. air,
food, drink, shelter, clothing etc.
Social need: This type of leadership is considered under an interpersonal relationship
which inspires an individual person or people.
Safety need: This need is comprises of elements such as security, order, law, stability,
freedom from fear. This will be an individual to gather its usefulness for longer time
period.

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Esteem need: This needs involves dignity, achievement, independence, status, prestige
etc.
Self actualization need: This will includes realizing self potential, personal
fulfillment, seeking individual growth and peak experience.
Scientific management style- It is an administration style that analyze and synthesizes
workflows. Its major purpose is impreeconomic efficiency, especially labor
productivity.

Review of management and leadership styles
In respective organisation the management of the company can utilize and implement
democratic leadership style which is also known as participative leadership style.
With the help of it, they can make open communication with the employees and
workers and get information about their issues and conflicts. With the assistance of
this leadership style, employees can make participation within decision making
process and share their ideas and views.

Compare and contrast Management and leadership
styles
Basis Management style Leadership Style
Advantages With the help of this
management style,
administration of the
company can make careful
and analytical selection of
employees for proper
mechanical training and
education.
It helps to solve complex issues
and builds team base
relationships.
Disadvantages It consume huge capital and
considered as a costly
system.
It does not always offer a
positive results and may never
reach a true consensus.

CONCLUSION
From the above report, this is concluded that leadership and management in services
sector is an essential concept with the help of which business can acquires effective
working into the given time period. Also, leadership skill is one of the legal
consideration with help of which kind of an effectiveness can be brought to people of
this firm to gather effective working into the firm.

References
 Chen, W. J. and Cheng, H. Y., 2012. Factors affecting the knowledge sharing attitude
of hotel service personnel. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 31(2).
pp.468-476.
 Fitzgerald, L., and et. al., 2013. Distributed leadership patterns and service
improvement: Evidence and argument from English healthcare. The Leadership
Quarterly. 24(1). pp.227-239.

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