Leadership and Management: Understanding the Differences and Importance of Leadership Training

This study discusses the differences between leadership and management, exploring various leadership theories such as Trait Theory and Situational Leadership Theory. It also highlights the importance of leadership training and development programs for organizations, with a focus on the NHS leadership academy programs.

Organisations: Leadership & Management

1)INTRODUCTION
Leadership and management many times which are considered and used synonymous but
are different. Though there are factors which also suggest similarity between them. Leadership
means a practice if influencing and guiding actions and thoughts of others who are often known
as followers of the leader. Leader ensures that the vision they have set is accepted by others and
they are ready to work in the direction of that vision. Management means guiding activities of
those working for the organisation as per the predefined guidelines and ensuring that all the
activities in the organisation are executed as per the rules and regulations. Manager for this also
ensures availability of the required resources and this brings a similarity in leader and manager.
In this regard it is also important to consider that in organisations many times leadership and
management are same and manager are considered leaders and leaders also play role of
managers. Though main aim and objective of leaders remain same in the form of influencing
other to work for their vision but the way leaders do it depends on the style of leaders. For this
various theories have been developed which can influence understanding of various styles of
leadership and organisations also use these theories while deciding and designing their leadership
programs. This study includes discussion over leadership and leadership programmes for NHS
(National Health Service), this is a healthcare system of UK.In this study various leadership
theories are being discussed some of the widely used and applied theories of leadership are Trait
Theory, Behavioural Theory, charismatic and situational leadership theories. In this report trait
theory and situational leadership theory is being discussed. These theories are Later leadership
in context of NHS has been discussed in this study which includes discussion over importance of
leadership training and development of the organisation. NHS leadership academy employs some
of the programs for leadership development these have also been discussed in this study.
MAIN BODY
2)Literature Review
As stated by Willis, Clarke and O'Connor, (2017)Leadership is a process through which
leaders influence, direct and guide behaviour of others and influence thoughts of others so that
they are ready to work for the leader and in the way leader want them to work for the

achievement of the specific goals and objective of the leader. Leaders also ensure that followers
and in case of organisation subordinates work with confidence, zeal are motivated to perform
and work to their best potential. Leadership is the way leader influence thoughts and thinking of
others and successful leaders ensure that people does not get that their thoughts and thinking
have been influenced by others for realization of goal.
Leadership is an interpersonal process for between leader and followers/subordinates for guiding
them towards attainment of the goals of leader. Leadership involves that leader possess some
unique and important quality in the individual or leader so that they can influence their
subordinated and followers and these are intelligence, maturity and personality. Leadership is a
process and involved two or more people. Leader is involved in shaping and moulding the
behaviour of the group of individuals so that they can contribute to accomplishments of
organisational goals. Leadership is bound on situation. Leadership is affected by style of
leadership, it all depends upon tackling with the situation and the followers.
As per the view of Rothaermel, (2016)Management is essential for an organisation so that it can
function smoothly. Management refers to set of predefined activities which are directed for the
efficient and effective utilization of resources which are available to the organisation for the
purpose of achieving organisational goals. Management is an act of planning, organising,
directing and controlling activities and resources so that organisational goals and objectives can
be fulfilled with utmost efficiency which means on time with least possible cost for high
standard of output (Armstrong, 2016). Management can also be considered as a process of
problem solving for effective achievement of organisational objectives through efficient use of
resources. In other formS, management can also be considered as a process which involves
administration and control of the organisational activities and creating and maintaining the
environment of organisation that all the members can work together and achieve business
objectives. As the concepts of business have evolved management also ensures that individuals
working in the organisation are also able to link and achieve their own objectives along with
organisational objectives. In relations with management it can be said that management of
organisation includes various sub parts of it and includes management of various other core and
supportive activities like financial management, human resource management (Jeon and et.al.,
2017). Some of the characteristics of Management are-

Management is goal oriented activity AND all the activities which are undertaken in the course
of management are done so that organisation can achieve its goal through them. Furthermore,
Management is a continuous process and this does not stop once the set objectives have been
achieved. Organisation set new objectives and management continuously work to achieve those
objectives (Chang, Y.Y., 2016). Group activity, this means that no matter what type of
management organisation does this requires assistance of many people, to undertake
management activity and also those who support other activities of organisation which are
required to achieve objectives of the organisation.
Some of the similarities that exist in Leadership and Management are as follows-
One of the key similarities between management and leadership is that role of management and
leadership is their role both are required to allocate resources towards achievement of goal.
(Thorpe and Gold, 2016)
Both leadership and management involve influencing attitude and perception of people so that
they can achieve organisational objectives.
DifferenceS between Management and Leadership are as follows-
Their actions are the main consideration in their difference as leadership includes creation of
vision and aims and management on the other hand implements and executes tactics to achieve
those vision and aims. Other difference is In relation to financial aspect of organisation and
vision leaders set financial targets for organisation and in contrast id needed to management
includes detailed budgeting and financial plans. Leadership is about deciding and determination
of what needs to be done and management for that purpose measure and report performance.
Trait Theory of Leadership
Management involves applying some of the rules and proven styles for managers on the other
hand leadership get affected from the style of leaders (Oshagbemi, 2017). Though all the leaders
have different style but on some common basis theories of leadership have been developed.
These theories of leadership are-

This is one of the widely accepted and applied theories of leadership. As per this theory
of leadership some traits are identified which are linked with successful leadership (Prentice,
Jayawickreme and Fleeson, 2019). These traits are leadership traits of personality and
characteristics. In this theory’S rationale, leaders are born with certain traits which make them
successful and these traits cannot be developed later. Rationale of this theory are that certain
traits produce certain pattern of behaviour, patterns of leadership are consistent across different
situations, people are born with leadership traits.
Traits of EFFECTIVE leadership are-
Intelligence and Action orientated judgement
This trait is that great leaders are smart and make choices that move the group forward.
Eagerness of accept Responsibility
This trait of the leaders suggest that leaders are always ready to accept responsibility and
does not require persuading for taking responsibility and also don’t pass blame on others
(Cooper, 2018). They take ownership of their mistakes and standby success.
Task Competence
Successful leaders are skilled and capable. Members of their group are able to take
guidance from leaders and can rely on their advice.
Understanding their followers and their needs
Effective leaders pay attention to their group and needs and requirement of the group
members. This way they are able to win trust and respect of their followers (Jayawickreme,
Zachry and Fleeson, 2019). This element is that their care is genuine and they help their group
members to succeed and play role in moving entire group forward.
People Skills
This refers to skills which help leaders in dealing with people these are excellent
interpersonal skills which are essential for effective leadership. They know very well how they
can interact with others and as well as team members.
Courage and Leadership
This is one of the best and most important trait of effective leaders this includes that

successful leaders are brave and have courage. Courage to take risk and are committed to achieve
goals and objectives.
Trustworthiness
This is the ability of leader that they can be trusted and along with these leaders also trust
their team members.
Decisiveness
This is the ability of leaders that they are able to take decision and along with that they
are confident about their decision taken (Car, Kyaw and Atun, 2018).This confidence of them
also encourages others to trust decisions taken by them.
Flexibility and Adaptability
Effective leaders does not get stuck with one idea and style and they are able to cope
with changes of external environment and are able to mould their behaviour as per situation.
They are able to think differently for the solution of their problem.
Emotional Stability
This is important ability of the leaders and leaders are emotionally stable. They are able
to control their emotions and avoid overreaction. Leaders need to have control on their emotions
as in case leaders do not have control over their emotions they might seem immature which is
not ideal for leader.
Creativity
This is an important trait that leaders are creative and they are able to find solutions to
their problems which are creative and something which others are not able to think of. They
possess their own creativity and along with that they are able to foster creativity of others in their
group.
As per this theory all these traits are possessed by leader from their birth and they do not develop
and acquire these later in their life.

Situational Leadership Theory
This theory considers four styleS of leadershipINCLUDING participative, selling, delegating
and telling (Thompson and Glasø, 2018). This is based on maturity level of the workers which is
considered and based upon their skills and knowledge and their willingness to work.
M1 level of maturity includes that knowledge skills and willingness of employees and group
members lake.
M2 level of maturity includes that group members and employees are willing to complete the
task ok but there lake/LACK ability to complete the task.
M3 of maturity involves that group members and employees are are highly skilled having all the
required in knowledge and experience what but are are not ready to take any responsibility and
willingness to to work.
M4 level of maturity considered that it group members are are highly competent with their skills
and knowledge to complete the task and at the same time they are also willing to take
responsibility for completion of the task.
Styles of leadership depend on the level of maturity of the group members. Group
members when are at M1 level of maturity most suitable style of leadership is telling. On M2
level of maturity selling style of leadership is suitable. At M3 level of maturity participating style
is used by leaders and M4 level of maturity requires leaders to adopt delegating leadership style.
These styles are as follows-
Telling
Most suitable style when group members lake capabilities as well as willingness to complete the
task. In this style of leadership leaders are required to you tell the group members what they are
required to do you and how they can do that. This means that leaders tell the group members
what to do and how to do it. All the decisions in this style of leadership are are taken by leader.
Selling

This style of leadership is used when group members when group members are willing to
complete the task but 8000 not capable to do that full stop in this style leaders sale their idea to
group members are required to by the idea. This means that leader offer some of the ideas to be e
selected by the group members do dodo ultimate responsibility remains with leader regarding
decision making.
Participating
In this style of leadership group members are highly competent but are not willing to take
responsibility to complete the task. In this situation leader of group motivate group members to
take active participation in completion of the task. In this responsibility to take decision remains
with group members and they are supported by the leader.
Delegating
Members of the group are both capable and willing to complete the task and in this situation
leader is required to delegate the whole responsibility of task completion to the members. Role of
leader in this style is minimum then other than any other style of leadership.
In this maturity level of employees also differ as they grow in the organisation. Employees when
are at first level in the organisation after they join organisation they are at level of maturity
which is known as M2 at this level they are enthusiastic beginner. Disillusioned learner, which
means that some competence in the learner but because of failure commitment is low in the
employee, this is also M1 level of maturity that employees are lacking knowledge as well as
commitment. Capable but cautious performer, these are M3 level of performers and employees
whose competent has increased but their commitment keeps varies. Lastly M4 level of
performers are known as Self-Reliant achiever and these does not assistance and are capable and
committed for the achievement.
3)Leadership Development Program
Importance of leadership training and development program for organization
Leadership training and development program includes activities which are undertaken by the
organisation in order to enhance and improve leadership skills and qualities of those who are
working for organisation. NHS alsoundertakeS activities and hAS designed programs for this

purpose. There are not one but many reasons which make it important for organizationS to
undertake leadership training and development program. Some of the importance of leadership
training and development program for organisation are as follows-
Leadership training and development creates skilled and empowered leaders
Old organizations need leaders at various levels of operation and through leadership program
they can have skilled and empowered leaders in the organisation. This is very important for
organisation that they are having the best manpower and all situation the main power is already
not skilled and Competent they can make them skilled and Competent for their roles. Role of
leader is very important in organisation hence it is important that through training and
development organisation can create skilled and empower leaders who skin manage their
subordinates in the organisation in order to improve efficiency and effectiveness which result in
increased profitability and productivity (Turner, 2019).
Increased innovation
It has become very important for organisations to deliver innovative products and services and
along with that innovation can also contribute effective and efficient organizational operations.
One of the key skills of leader is that they are creative and their creative abilities can increase
innovation in the organisation. Innovation are beneficial for organisation in many aspects and
leadership training and development organisation can achieve it.
Attraction and retention of talent
Talented employees now a day seek to work with organisations where they are provided the
opportunity for personal development. Leadership training and development along with the
organisation also benefit employees and contribute in their personal development. This is my
organizations having such programs are able to attract and retain talent in the organisation.
Retention of customers
Leaders have very good interpersonal skills and they are able to understand needs and problems
of others including their customers. This insurance that when organisation have leaders who are
effective and efficient then and they are able to retain their customers with help of such leaders

and their skills. Action of customer is very important for organisation and is one of the main
objective of the organisation. Customer centric organisation seek to have employees which can
work for the customers of the organisation and through leadership training and development they
can enhance skills of leaders and enable them to deal with customers in order to retain them for
organisation.
Increased agility and adaptability
In environment which is is very dynamic and factors are ever changing it is very important
foreign organisation to adapt changes is soon as possible so that the organisation is able to
compete with other organisations and it and its competitors and remain high-performing. This
requires organisation to be agile so that Bacon quickly identify why the needs of change. This is
done by leaders and which is followed by changes in the organisation and leaders play important
role in changing the organisation and influence all the other members of the organisation to cope
up with the change and function in a changed environment. Leadership training and development
can help organisation to make such leaders which are competent enough to identify the need of
change implement the change in the organisation and persuade others to accept change.
Because of all these important reasons NHS have various leadership programs in its leadership
Academy.
There are various programs in NHS leadership academy which haVE been designed to enhance
leadership of those who are working for leadership, these program assist both health care staff
and those who are working in supportive and administrative services.
Programs in NHS leadership academy are-
For the purpose of this study Edward Jenner Program has been selected for the discussion.
According to Nicholson and Rogstad, (2019) program has been designed for beginners and this
course for them who are looking to build strong foundation in leadership skills. This help
participants to enhance confidence and competence in the role. this program helps in developing
essential skills which are open to all and leads to NHS Leadership Academy award in Leadership
Foundation.

This helps participants to feel more able to deal with daily challenges of working in health care,
this make them better equipped to care for patients, lead services and provide leadership for
around them, they can support them to do their better job (Nicholson and Rogstad, 2019). This
program is for health and care staff for everyone working in health and care context. This
program is highly practical, patient-focused and this is a great way through which participants to
understand the purpose, challenges and culture of the NHS.
In relation TO eligibility criteria for this program it can be said that this program for all of them
who are new to leadership and are exploring what doesit mean (Boag, 2019). The Eligibility
criteria for this includes that-
 This is for who are from any clinical and non-clinical background.
 Newly qualified clinician
 Those who are either new or returning to any type of clinical role
 Those who are aspiring leadership roles
 A healthcare professional student or trainee.
The program is structured in the manner that-
This program is structured in two level Launch and Foundation.
Both these levels can be accessed through website of Leadership academy websites for this,
participants are required to register with leadership community website NHS and can continue to
open and access online with no charge.
The Launch program includes films, activities and discussion for each of the content of Launch
and it takes around 5 hours to complete.
This includes elements such as
 How launch works
 Why Leadership matters.
 Stages of personal development.
 Personal values of the participants.
 The next leader pathway- routes, options and purpose.

 Levels of learning.
 What next?
Foundation, this is followed by launch and includes 35 hours of learning (Marshall and Kay,
2019). FOR this, participants are given flexibility to learn in their own time and as per their
suitability. This covers:
 Understanding person-centred care
 Methods of understanding the patient experience
 Leadership behaviours for person-centred care
 Challenges in health care
 Healthcare leadership program
 Power and influence
 Levels of listening
 Giving and receiving feedback
 Adaptive leadership
 What Next?
In this to look at the difference gained because of this program a final piece of written evidence
and submission of this leads to NHS leadership Academyaward in Leadership Foundation.
In relation with the training method in this program it can be said that participants are able and
free to complete the program in their own time and the content of this program is available
online for the participants (Marshall and Kay, 2019). Lastly participants are required to submit
written evidence for the purpose of achieving award for NHS leadership for Leadership
Foundation.
Outcomes of this program are that this will enable participants to know and understand culture of
NHS and they will be able to better grasp and understand programs which are followed by this.
They will be having confidence and this will allow them to apply their knowledge at their
workplace so that they can understand all the aspects of the programsand will be able to
practicallyapply the knowledge which they have learned during the program.

There are various benefits and one of the important benefitSof this is that participants do not
require any mentor and guide for the completion of the program (Price-Dowd, 2017).They can
learn and complete the program at their pace and learning capacity.
There are various benefitsof the program for the participants and for the organisation. Their
benefits are as follows-
Individual Benefits
This program has been designed for those who are new to health and care or those who are
aspiring leader at the start of their leadership journey.
Through this, participants can invest in their personal development which is delivered through
two levels (Price-Dowd, 2017). The contents of the foundation are online, free to access which
can be studied in their own time.
Through this, participants become a part of the Academy’s wider membership, can connect with
other colleagues and peers on the programs to share the ideas, solve difficult problems and build
their own network for support. Participants can apply knowledge which is new to them and along
with program they can increase and achieve theirexperience and can immediately improve the
practice.
Organisational Benefits are-
This program is designed for those who are working in health and care context and participants
working at all the levels can participate in this. This improves overall efficiency of the
organisation because they are working in the NHS at various levels.
This is very beneficial for NHS and through this they can DEVELOP talented staff and retain
them in organisation (Boag, 2019).
Structure of program is flexible and this is why participants can learn at their own place and in
their own time.
Strength of Edward Jenner Leadership Program

Its important strength is its structure and freedom associated with the program. Other strength of
this is that it insist participants to think wider and more as all the problem related with the
program are needed to solve by them only.
Weaknesses
Important weaknesses of the program are it becomes participants to understand various concepts
as there is no mentor or teacher for them.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of this study it can be concluded that leadership and management which are
though sometimes used synonymous are different in various aspects. Along with this in an
organisation both are important and both are required for efficient functioning. This report
included meaning and characteristics of leadership and management along with their differences
and similarities. On the basis of this it can be said that leadership and management differ on the
basis of skills possessed by both of them, their role in the organisation, responsibilities of both of
them and similarities in this founds basis on their role in influencing followers and subordinates,
their orientation towards attainment of objectives and goals. Later as leadership and management
both are important for organisation this study includes leadership training and development
program for organisation. There are various reasons which suggest why leadership is important
for organisation such as increased productivity, better operational efficiency and better customer
relations of organisation with the help of effective leaders. Later this study included NHS
leadership programs and Edward Jenner program was discussed in this study which is for
foundation program for those who are new to health and care and for those who are aspiring
leaders. This program is offered online and participants can complete this in their own time.
There are various reasons like participants can complete the course in their own time and they
are not dependent on system. Participants also not have to compromise with their work make the
Edward Jenner program a good program. But reason like unavailability of mentor which may
provide more experienced based knowledge to participants is the drawback of the program.

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