Leadership and Management: Literature, Theories, and Development Program

This document explores the literature, theories, and development program of leadership and management. It discusses the roles and responsibilities, theories of leadership, and the leadership development program of NHS academy.

Leadership & Management

Contents
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................3
Leadership and management literature/theories.....................................................................3
Leadership development programme.....................................................................................6
CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Organisation is defined as a group of individual who are working for the same
objective by coordinating within leadership and management. Leadership can be defined as
an art which is the main element in motivating the employee in an organisation. With the help
of authentic leadership goals and objectives can be achieved in a sequential and appropriate
manner. Similarly management is defined as the set of rules and plans which enable the
business in planning, directing and organisation business operations. As in the current
situation businesses are running at global level so leadership and management is having
different role within the business organisation. The major difference between leadership and
management is that the leadership is focused on people whereas management is focused on
processes. On the other hand leadership is focused on product or service and manager are
focused on financial results. At the time of preparing leadership program, academic theories
of leadership are having an important role. As with the help of these theories an effective
leadership program can be designed (Marshall, Coleman and Reason, 2017). With the help of
academic theories organisational task can be implemented in practical manner as these
theories are having theoretical aspects. This report includes leadership development program
of NHS academy. Along with this the report includes concept of leadership and types of
leadership theories. The major motive of this report is to develop a leadership program for
NHS so as to review the leadership and literature management. These leadership
development programs are used for managing the business and leadership range in an
effective and communicative way. Furthermore leadership theories are playing essential role
in the organisation as it helps the employees in enhancing their capabilities so that this gives
them better chance to perform their tasks in an appropriate manner which may lead the
overall success of the organisation.
Leadership and management literature/theories
Leadership is all about gaining good results in the organisation by comprehending and
maintaining belief to each and every individual so that to ensure that all the person within the
business are working with fuller efficiency and with motivation they are having clear vision
to provide benefits to organisation. On the other hand management is referred as those parts
of leadership which is engaged in administration and ensuring that all the activities is
arranged in a sequential manner. The functions which are operated by management of
financial institute are dependent upon various concepts which are related to leadership and
management theories (Dunne and et. al., 2016). As per Warren Bennis, leader are having
significant role within organisation as they consider all problems of their employee and they
eliminate risk. For instance, leaders and other authorities assist the managerial people so that
to prepare and implement various strategies which help the organisation in dealing with
complex problem and face current market challenges with critical thinking. Leadership
undertakes all the methods and procedures which are utilised by businesses and overall
organisation so as to establish proper control and power.
Roles and responsibilities: Roles and responsibilities are categorised by an
organisation so that to involve employees to operate their task in a manner in which

organisation has decided their behaviour. In the context of NHS leadership academy is
performing their operations so as to develop and uphold simple and most effective leadership
program which help them to have high skills and capabilities in their workforce. Culture and
climate are two essential aspect of the organisation which works as driving force within the
organisation (Fiaz, Su and Saqib, 2017). Every organisation is having their own culture which
is the combination of their past and present events. Culture is assisting the business in
managing all their operations and beliefs which are adapted by the business that are helpful
for the business and their operations.
Management is defined as the procedure which helps the management to lead and to
attain business goals by working with harmony and taking help from each other. (Robert,
2018). Numerous functions and tasks are performed by management so as to provide way to
employees to attain goal and get business efficiency. Process is the major activity through
which management is able to perform their tasks in a desired manner. Management concept is
defined as planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling under which all the
activities are having some specific role. Effectiveness of the management is helpful in the
organisation as this is emphasised on end results due to which all the activities can be
completed in such a manner that it undertakes all the sequence and works are prioritise
(Johnston and Marshall, 2016).
Theories of leadership: Transactional leadership style undertakes the methods under
which leaders try to promote agreement by their followers and try to finish the tasks by
persuade people to adopt different manner in their working style. Under this leadership style
two approaches are adopted by leaders which is rewarding or punishing. This theory is
helpful for the leaders to stay motivated for a longer period. Transactional leader performs
their task and follow all the value and orders so this gives them to act in an appropriate
manner. In order to perform strict operation this leadership style is adopted and sued by
management so as to complete those tasks in a proper format. With the purpose to implement
appropriate theory of leadership and management, numerous programs are arranged by the
organisation (Cleaver, 2017). In current scenario educational institutions are performing their
operations at global level so in order to assign task, roles and responsibilities to individual it
is essential that thy choose for appropriate leadership theory so that individual may attain
their goals in an attentive manner. In the background of NHS, their main motive is to render
the best leadership throughout the world and to take advantages of their partners. With the
help of direct approach and arranging programs with this approach skills and capabilities of
their employees can be enhanced. Present environment is dynamic in nature so as to adapt
changes in a positive way it is required that the leader develop plans in such a way that their
experience can be gathered and then any kind of strategy is implemented. With the help of
past research which were took place at international level, it is determined that a global
leadership style is somewhere able to trace perceived problem and this quality is developed
within a good leader (Slack and Brandon-Jones, 2018). At the same time this leadership is
able to recognise those real life problems and those can be solve by leaders who is having
experience. Furthermore it is observed that people thinks that leaders are born but this
statement is incorrect, leaders are normal people only but they have learnt skills so this

makes them renowned person so as to assist them in attaining business goals and objectives.
On the other hand there are two leadership theories which is transactional and
transformational, they both are different from each other. Transactional leadership is
emphasised on self-motivation so that to help the individuals in performing their tasks in a
sequential manner which assist them in achieving their tasks and maintaining good
environment as well. This style is focused on end results which are followed by structure of
the organisation which help the employees in achieving their goals and completing their task
in the given timeframe (Luri and et al., 2019). In the background of NHS leadership
academy, management is focused on transactional style of leadership which renders
appropriate reward to the eligible person and penalties to the liable person or employee.
Under this style of leadership, leaders are given special rights and powers which can be
exercised on employees so as to motivate them to work with full of their efficiency. Under
this leaders are required to maintain proper decorum so that to manage performance of
individual and to evaluate group performance within the organisation. Leader decides the
criteria as per the requirement of the organisation and then set them according to the skills of
individuals. In order to evaluate individual performance, management is required to perform
monitoring and review program. The leaders and managers who are following transactional
style, they are emphasised on performance over organisational tasks and motivating internal
workforce which leads them to have to complete their task and to provide rewards to the
deserving one and punishment who have not completed their task in the given format. This
helps the employees to stay motivated throughout their tasks and operations and to the
management it is helpful for them as they get to know about required policies and calibre of
their employee due to which proper reward policies can be implemented. This improves the
organisational standard as the businesses are aware about the structure of required policy and
maintain relationship with employees in a better way.
Trait theory is defined as that leadership under which tasks are performed as per
hypothesis which states that leaders are born so due to these behavioural characteristics are
recognised and then qualities are analysed so due to which highly skilled leaders are
introduced. (Kendra Cherry, 2019). Furthermore, under academic theory trait theory is the
first theory which ensures to give good leaders. This theory was propounded by Thomas
Carlyle IN 19th century, and they stated that in order to achieve organisational goals talent and
characteristics are to be determined in a leader or individual. After identifying all the traits in
leaders they are compared with each other so as to gain business success and to take best out
of them. Leadership is emphasised on completing program and evaluating strengths and
weaknesses of individual so as to run the company for a common goal and to stimulate those
goals into each and every employee. Eagerness to accept responsibility is defined as taking
responsibilities and delegate work to other on their basis of their efficiency. This helps the
business manager to perform their tasks in an appropriate manner and to implement change in
an effective manner (Tiwari and Kumar Sharma, 2017). Task competence is accepted by
NHS so as to perform all their functions so that to enable the business in utilising all the
procured resources in an effective and sequential manner and to get highest productiveness.
In order to make a successful leader NHS is completing all their tasks and functions with the
help of their better performance and their task competence. Understanding their followers

and their demands: Feasible leaders are emphasised on each and every individual and they
help them during their tasks process so as to make the individual success and happy. Leaders
are having job to push their subordinates so as to be a part in success and to maintain success
in the business. Relationship making qualities: Superlative attitude is the foremost feature
of a leader due to which all the business operation can be driven in a viable manner (Salisu
and Awang, 2018). An efficient leadership is expert in taking best out of every person as they
know the tactics and their execution as well. Furthermore, a good leader is having focus on
whole gathering that means whole the business workforce and they try to convey their
concepts to the team members and they persuade them so as to put courageous efforts.
Fearlessness and goals: The best leaders are those who are laced with courage and bravery,
they are focused on overall objectives of the company and employees. They try to face
difficulties rather than escaping from them. Consistency: Good leader is having consistency
within their deeds. They do not change their path when they see any difficulty rather they try
to solve them by their critical thinking. Reliability: Whole employee union id required to
have faith and reliability for their leaders as they are the one who is driving whole the
employee force (Luri and et al., 2019). Definitiveness: A good leader is always specific
about their decision and they are definite about their goals which are required to be achieved.
Fearless: A good leader is super confident throughout their operations and they are having
positive attitude towards all the people and tasks so this develops them a habit of self-
actualisation. With the help of trait theory, extra ordinary benefits are achieved by individuals
and teams. Leadership and management are having distinctiveness from each other and they
fulfil the roles and responsibilities within the business environment. Both are having different
perception of their existence as management is focused on overall business whereas
leadership is concerned about their teams and products. on the other side these both function
does have some similarities such as they both implement decisions for all the levels in an
organisation. Both the individuals gives instructions and guidelines to their subordinate for
the purpose of achieving overall objective of the business which is to earn profit or to gain
success. Both functions are executed in an organisation with the help of proper strategies and
designing tasks and which are designed for long tenure period. Management is the body by
which all the operations are planned and executed whereas leadership is the process by which
all the tasks are arranged in a sequential manner so as to achieve the business goal in
stipulated time period. Managers are the most superior authority within an organisation and
they give commands to the leaders who further delegate authorities and responsibilities to
their team mates and subordinates. Leaders are accountable to praise their mates whereas
mangers are accountable to find out frauds and mistakes done by employees. (Ugwu and
Okore, 2019).
Leadership development programme
The development of leadership refers to the different activities that are implied by the
company in order to develop to the ability, skills, knowledge and the experiences of the
leaders. As they are those that influence the other employees to perform their work with more
adequacy by which their working performance will get developed. Programmes will be
developed to modify the working abilities of an individual that get liked with the company by
which they could perform their work with more sufficiency. As from the developed

programmes the couching or the lectures will be provided to the leaders that generated more
motivation in them by which they could achieve their target or objective in a systematic
manner. The leadership development programs that are conducted by the NHS are to provide
the better platform to all the leaders by which they further manage the different challenges in
effective manner. NHS leadership academy manages and controls their functions in order to
deliver their best and effective outcome to the health and care of the patients. They are
working to provide the appropriate platform to the leaders by which they could manage the
better and efficient output within the academy (Brue and Brue, 2018). The fund service of the
NHS will identifies and analyse the several factors that are related to the health care of the
patients. As per the SBLF, 2015 leadership is the most vital part of the company that
furthermore, improvise the performance of the company and the performance of the
employees as well. With the help of the leadership the goals and the objectives of the
company will be achieve in a successful manner. There are different activities and the task
that are performed by the NHS leadership development program that generates the better
benefits to the leaders and implement the different training and development of the
leadership. The effective leader improvise and enhance the overall performance of NHS and
that helps to manage the motivation level of the leader that further provides the support to the
other team members. It is not that much easy for the company to manage the different
operation within the company by they could achieve the objectives within the particular
period of time. It is only possible with the support of the leaders that influence the better
attractiveness of the company. It is not easy to attain the goals with the efforts of few of the
employees it is must that everyone must put their efforts with common zeal and more
enthusiasm. To get ensures that company could gain the collective result the performance and
the contribution of the leaders as they provides the accurate path to the others as well. In
addition to this there are different other programs as well that are conducted by the NHS
leadership academy as they perform their function all across the world and that all happen
because of the support of the leaders. As from there different program they imparts the better
form of leadership within the programmes by which the other health care industry or the
different business will provide the best services to the patients. Edward Jenner programme,
Mary Seacole programmer, Rosalind Franklin programme, Nye Bevan programme and may
forth are some effective programmes which are designed for those leaders who are willing to
enhance their capabilities and efficiency. Rosalind Franklin programme is the programme
which is emphasised on enhancing performance of individual. All clinical and non-clinical
leaders are made skilled with the help of this programme. Rosalind Franklin programme is of
nine months and more than five hours in a week in mandatory to spend in this programme by
the participants. Learning is the main motive of these programme’s so learning is provided
with the help of online and face to face workshops. In current scenario team work is allotted
in the organisation in across the globe so for this NHS has started their programs with team
so this will benefit them to cover more companies. Rosalind Franklin programme is focused
on managing all those task which are made so that to provide development to health of
individual and their capability so as to perform the entire task (Walker, 2018). This program
is designed for all those persons who are operating in health care systems. This programme is
having eligibility criteria such as candidate is required to operate in an organisation with
traditional and structured form. On the other side this is beneficial for those individual who

are not directly associated to such type of organisation but they have significant role within
organisation. In this programme, various perspective is associated which is demonstrating
their affects and this is a nine month programme and three day continue workshop as well. At
the last a single day session is organised under which four types of learning sets are
introduced. The current programme is having their design stage under which four elements
are included such as, self, self as a leader, change and improvement and last organisation and
system. Rosalind Franklin programme is implemented for change management processes
which are associated with individual and group performance on an overall basis. NHS has
implemented this so as to provide help in change management which provides those
circumstances under which a team can work in an effective and productive manner. All these
programmes are helpful so as to gain better results and to enhance performance of their
organisation at every stage and level (Gonzales, 2017).
Benefits for:
Individual: An efficient leadership development program is essential for the business as this
provide expansion of individual’s skills at global level and renders perspective of leadership
insights. With the help of this program the leader can be reached out in a very effective
manner and they can render their extraordinary skills to the organisation which may use this
to have high success over the marketplace. Individual are referred as employees and other
persons who may be involved in the leadership program or those who are benefitted from this
programs. Leadership developments programs are designed to enhance the abilities of a
leader so that they can cover the global market render their functions without nay obstacle.
Furthermore leadership programs are providing benefits to the employee that when guidance
is received by efficient leader then this may lead to have personal development as well. On
the other hand leader is the person who continuously praises their subordinates, so with the
help of leadership programs leadership skills are enhanced so that they may have a good
position within the company. This will enhance their capabilities and trust for the business
and their leader as well. Furthermore, when the leader is efficiently trained then they will
focus on their task rather than focusing on individual this will decrease the biased decision
within the business so due to this individual will work with their fuller capacity and
effectiveness.
Organisation: Organisations are also benefitted with leadership development programs as
ultimately a leader is working so as to provide benefit to their business as a whole. So with
the help of leadership programs, the leaders are emerged due to which organisation will have
efficient leader in order to lead their teams. As in context of NHS, they are developing
leadership plans for the companies so this will give the companies a smart insight to work
and enhance trust for their leader and managers. The organisation is having so many
functions within their entity, so if role of leader is effectively met then this gives the
organisation an edge in the market so that their business can flourish (Clinton, 2018) . On the
other side leadership programs affects the profitability of the business as a good leader will
always try to work for the company and try to enhance its profitability and for this they will
apply their high efforts due to which business will have highest profit even in their limited
resources. Furthermore, leadership development programs are designed for the purpose of

making efficient teams and team leaders. So with the help of these programs, all the
deserving employees will get chance to showcase their talent due to which extraordinary
talent come across to the management which will be advantageous for the company as in
their profits and productivity as well (Cullen-Lester, Woehler and Willburn, 2016).
CONCLUSION
From the above detailed report it can be summarised that management and leadership
does have their separate roles within the organisation. Management is responsible to prepare
strategies whereas leader is having role to process those strategies and to implement them by
having proper control over the organisation. Furthermore, management is the process of
planning and directing whereas leadership is the quality of managing those plans in the
business by properly coordinating with the employees and superiors. Leadership is all about
appraising the employees and taking care of their rewards and providing task to employees as
per their calibre and superiority whereas management is the team which find out errors in
processes and then give guidance to rectify them. There are various theories of leadership
which are adopted by the business and they help them to control their operations and manage
their functions. Trait theory is applied so as to identify the born trait within a person who is
latterly called as a leader. Transactional theory states that leaders are not born they are
developed and earned their skills due to which leaders have continuous improvements in their
skills and behaviour. Further leadership development programs are essential for the business
as they are involved in the core function which is to provide assistance to the leaders. With
the help of these program the business may get chance to flourish and to grow in the market
in minimum time. Furthermore, leadership development program help the business in
achieving their organisational goals as good leaders are enhanced their skills with these
programs and this gives benefits to the overall business. When efficient leadership program
are introduced in the business then business may perform in an extraordinary manner in the
market so this will give them additional market edge and enhance their profitability in
minimum time period.

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