Developing Leadership and Management Skills: Analysis and Comparison of Leadership and Management in Marks and Spencer

This report discusses the concept, theories, and comparison between leadership and management in Marks and Spencer. It also covers key performance metrics and the impact of leadership and management on the company's performance.

Developing
Leadership and
Management Skills

Contents
Executive summary.........................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
TASK...............................................................................................................................................4
Analysis and comparison of leadership and management.....................................................4
Key performance metrics of organizational sector.................................................................6
Organizational leadership and management performance...................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

Executive summary
Management and the leadership are being considered as the most important aspects of the
business which assist them in performing different types of function in a determined and
appropriate manner in order to attain the objectives in the best possible manner. Employees of
the firm motivate by the leaders which inspire them in carry out the task with utmost
productivity. For the completion of this report Marks and Spencer has been taken into
consideration. The concept, theories and comparison between leadership and management has
been cover in this report. Key performance indicators and impacts of leadership and management
on the company performance has also been discussed.

INTRODUCTION
Leadership is being considered as the ability of a person to direct the behaviour or action of
the group members in the right way. This is basically the process of influencing the people in
order to enhance their performance and motivate them to work harder to attain the organisational
objectives with full productivity (Abu Mostafa and et. al., 2021). On the other hand, management
may be defined as the process of organising, directing, controlling and managing the different
activities and resources of the firm in order to attain the desired result. The leaders as well as the
manager of the firm not only provide direction to their employees but also motivate them to
perform with full efficiency. The following report is based on the Marks and Spencer which is a
well-known British multinational retail brand which provide their services all across the globe.
The respective company was founded in 1884 by Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer and the
company headquarter are situated in the London, England, UK. The firm deals in the clothing,
home as well as food products. Respective company is a public limited company which is listed
in the London Stock Exchange and have around 959 stores all across the UK. The operating
income of the firm in the year 2021 is around £ (30.7) million and the revenue of the firm is
£9,155.7 million. Number of employees work within the company is 78000 and they provide
online food services with the joint venturing of Ocado. Leadership and management theories is
being discussed in this report along with the key performance metrics and impact of this on the
company performance.
TASK
Analysis and comparison of leadership and management
Leadership: -leadership is basically the art of a person in order to influence the
behaviours of the others individuals towards the organisational objectives. Different types of
skills are possessed by the leaders which assist them in making the decision and communicate
the vision, objectives and goals in proper manner to the employees (Aleksandrova ,2021).
Leaders of the firm not only motivate the company employees but also guide them to attain the
define goals and objectives. Effective communication skill, critical thinking skill and many more
are some of the skills which are possess by the leaders which assist them in taking the risk. The
leaders of the M&S possess all these skills which make them able to direct their employees in the

eight directions. The theories of leadership which are used by M&S to lead the workforce has
been discussed below:-
 Transactional leadership theory:- this theory revolves around the supervision,
teamwork and the firm. In this theory, focus has been paid by the leaders on the rewards
and punishment (Ali and Anwar, 2021). In relation to the M&S, rewards, recognition and
acknowledgement has been given by the leader for the extra ordinary performance of the
employees and if they don't do the work properly punishment has been given. This
motivates the employees to perform well.
 Situational leadership theory:-situational variable are reflects by the this theory which
states that no leadership style is appropriate in any situation. This is totally based on two
factors that is leadership styles maturity level of followers. Different types of leadership
styles have been utilized by the M&S as per the situation and after judging the situation
actions has been taken by the leaders in order to grow the business.
Management:- the concept of management is totally related to managing the
coordination as well as the administration within the firm to achieve the organisational goals
effectively. Proper management not only in the operations but also in the resources is ensure by
the M&S which assist in performing the activities in effective way. The different types of
management theories which is implemented by the M&S has been discussed below:-
 Scientific management theories:-this theory was introduce by the Frederick Winslow
Taylor in 1909. They said that is very crucial to find out the most effective way to do the
various functions of the business. Some key changes must have to be implement within
the management which improves the company sustainability. In relation to the M&S, task
is assigned by the management to the employees as per their skill and capabilities and
also provide them training to effectively perform the task. This improves the retention
rate of the employees within the company.
 Administrative management theory:- this theory is developed by Henri Fayol which
comprises of fourteen principles of management that assist in paying focus on the
developing the effective organisational structure(Aliu and Aigbavboa, 2021). This theory
state that in order to maintain an effective relation between the employees and manager
the employee must have to be responsible to only one director. The management of the

M&S ensure that all the workers are aligned towards the organisational goals and build
the strong organisational structure which enhance the company productivity.
Comparison between leadership and management
Basis Leadership Management
Vision creation The leaders of the firm
develop a strong vision and
guide the employees to attain
the objectives of the company
within the set time limit.
The management of the firm
is responsible for creating the
process in order to attain the
set vision by planning and
budget.
Focus In Leadership emphasis has
been paid on the changing
approaches in relation to that,
how things can be completed
in effective manner (Huynh,
2021).
On the other hand, in this
focus has been paid on the
maintaining stability within
the business and daily
routine functions.
Strategy The strategies which are
developed in the leadership
give direction to the workers
in order to attain the desire
goals.
In these strategies are made
in order to run and manage
the business as well as the
resources effectively.
Key performance metrics of organizational sector
Key performance indicator is basically the performance measurement tools which utilized
by the management of the company in order to evaluate the success of the firm and its
effectiveness. There are various types of performance measurement tool which are used by the
firm to gauge the performance. The management of the M&S uses various types of KPI methods
to measure the performance and success form which some of them discussed below:-

 Comparative: Comparison is being considered as one of the most important
performance measurement tools that allow the business to measure the success by
comparing from the previous year results (Jankelová and Joniaková, 2021). Metric
comparison computation compares organisational values in various measures. In relation
to the M&S, the company management compare its actual sales form the desire sales in a
very proper manner. Along with this, operations, strategies and success are also
compared by the organisation form its competitors that give an idea to the firm to do the
operations in effective manner.
 Benchmarking:- this is the another performance measurement tool which are used by the
M&S in measure the performance. In this they compare the actual performance from the
standard performance. Standard are established by the organisation that they want to
attain in the future and with the help of this they measure the actual performance.
Company management effectively analyse the situation and after this set the standard
which want to be attain and then measure the success on the basis of these.
The performance indicators tools which are utilized by the management of the M&S assist
them in measuring and evaluating their performance and developing the effective strategies.
These also also assist them in attaining the desired goals effectively.
Organizational leadership and management performance
The concept of leadership as well as the management played a very important role in the
growth and success of the organisation. The management of the company is responsible for
developing the different types of organisational strategies along with the implementation in order
to attain the set vision and mission and on the other hand leadership assist the firm in boosting its
productivity, maintains effective and strong relationship, enhances employee’s engagement level
and many more (Mughal Kalhoro and Ahmed, 2021). Both of them has a great impact on the
performance of the company. In relation to the M&S the impact on the leadership and the
management on the company performance has been discussed below:-
Impacts of leadership on organisational performance:

 Develop positive business culture: effective leadership style develops positive culture
and environment within the business by which the overall performance of the firm has
been enhanced. In relation to the M&S, the leaders of the firm give support to their
subordinated which increase the job satisfaction level and the engagement of the
employees towards the company goals (Reynolds and McKimm, 2021). The leaders
encourage the employees and produce positive energy in them which improves their
learning and mental health and enhance the company productivity in the dynamic
business environment.
 Assist in taking efficient decisions: with the help of effective leadership style and theory
not only the overall performance but the productivity of the firm is improved which allow
the leader to take the effective decision. These decisions assist the company management
in attaining the goals and enhance the company performance. In relation to the M&S, by
using different perspective of leadership intelligent decision has been taken by them on
the bases of evidence that lead the organisation to grow in the market.
 Boost organisational productivity:-the approaches of the leadership assist in motivating
the employees so that they perform the given task in well effective manner and enhance
the overall productivity. Effective training is provided by the M&S to their workers in
order to develop new skill within them and coordinate their actions in order to maintain
the effective relationship between them. By this, employee retain in the organisation for a
long period of time which save the cost as well as time of the organisation.
Impact of management on organisational performance: Effective utilisation of resources: the M&S management make sure that all the physical
as well as human resources are used in a very proper manner to improve their
performance (Shanafelt and et. al., 2021). Proper utilization of scare resources by
identifying various alternatives not only reduces the cost but also but also assist the firm
in enjoying the competitive advantage over their rivals. Assist in attaining organisational objectives: all the resources are arranged by the
management of M&S in a very systemic manner which helps the company in attaining
objective before the set deadline. Roles and responsibilities are clearly communicated by

the management to their employees which reduces the conflicts and save time as well as
money.
 Establish sound organisation: Coordination among the various activities of the is
maintain by the management which reduces the duplicate and overlapping of activities.
Sound management structure is maintained by the respective company which established
effective relationship that assist the organisation in supervising the operations in proper
manner. Management ensures that all the position are filled with right individual with
right skill and knowledge that lead organisation towards development (Song and et. al.,
2021).
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can conclude that leadership is associated with instructing and
influencing people to do their business in the best possible way. Management, on the other hand,
is way of applying several activities to the leadership that cover, such as planning, organizing,
directing, and controlling business operations, in the right path. Different types of leadership
theories like Transactional leadership theory Situational leadership theory and various
management theories Scientific management theories administrative management theory are
concluded in this report which are utilized by the organizations so that they can do business
appropriately and improve their contribution to achieving the goals and objectives set by the
company. Retail industry organizations use a variety of KPI methods to measure the
performance. In the success of organization Leadership and management play a key role which
improves the company performance and motivate the employees towards the organizational
objective. With the effective of leadership and management, the company can achieve its growth
and development goals. This report also concluded that leadership and management are totally
different from of each other and both of them impact on the organization in a very effective
manner.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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