Leadership and Management: Impact of Extrinsic Factors, National Policies, Financial Constraints, and Corporate Culture

This report evaluates the impact of extrinsic factors, national policies, financial constraints, and corporate culture on leadership and management in organizations. It also discusses the approaches to problem-solving and the importance of reflexivity in developing transformational leadership skills. The report includes a SWOT analysis and discusses the impact of cultural and transformational leadership on organizations.

Leadership and Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................4
Extrinsic factors...........................................................................................................................4
National Policies:.........................................................................................................................4
Financial Constraints...................................................................................................................5
Corporate culture.........................................................................................................................6
What Impacts Culture in the Workplace?....................................................................................6
Extrinsic factors of motivation....................................................................................................7
SWOT analysis:...........................................................................................................................7
How cultural and transformational leadership impact on the organization.................................8
Leadership Styles:........................................................................................................................9
Ways of Communicating...........................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFRENCES.................................................................................................................................11
Books and Journal......................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Leadership is the concept which may be described as a rule in and company that include
directing workers. Leadership is made up of a variety of elements that are mandatory for the
company in order to manage their function and accomplish their goals and objectives. Leadership
and management as well as their roles within company are discussed in context of this report. In
addition to this report is going to study on Public health England (Apenko and Chernobaeva,
2016). This report includes explanation about several factors that are explaining the range of
leadership and management. Along with this there is also explanation about the approaches so
that they can develop leaders and managers within company. In addition to this there is
explanation about several methods which are used by the organization in order to enhance the
leadership and management programs in the company.
MAIN BODY
Extrinsic factors
Extrinsic variables have an impact on an individual from the outside, and intrinsic factors
have an impact from within (i.e., they are environmental, cultural, or related to lifestyle).
Extrinsic variables can have a significant impact on one's health and influence medical decisions.
Extrinsic motivation is defined as activity that is motivated by a monetary incentive. It's an
example of operant conditioning in action (Chatterjee, Ghosh and Chaudhuri, 2020). Operant
conditioning is a type of behavior modification in which incentives or penalties are used to
enhance or reduce the chance of certain actions recurring. For some people, extrinsic incentive
works better than intrinsic motivation. In some cases, this type of incentive may be more
appropriate. External rewards are adequate for some people to drive them to do high-quality,
ongoing labor. Value-based rewards, on the other hand, are more appealing to some people.
Extrinsic incentive works best when the reward is utilized in moderation so that it retains its
effectiveness. If a reward is provided in excess, the value of the award may diminish. Over
justification is a term used to describe this phenomenon. Delay invoicing is a regular occurrence

in the sector of entrepreneur and it contributes towards the several problems. Rather than being
generic or subjective, financial limitations are definite and real roadblocks. Excessive
remuneration might sometimes be troublesome (García and Tadeu, 2018). Extrinsic motivators,
on the other hand, can be a beneficial tool when utilized correctly. Extrinsic motivation, for
example, might persuade people to finish an activity or school project that they dislike.
1.Comprehensively evaluate the influence and impact of the broader political and social
environment on organizations, using appropriate tools.
National Policies:
Since the dawn of time, every major religion and philosophy has emphasized the
necessity of a personal moral code to define relationships with others. The most fundamental
ethical precept is to avoid causing damage to others. Beyond that, there have been and continue
to be numerous variances in what is considered moral behavior throughout cultures and time
periods. The treatment of women in various eras and civilizations is a good example.
Nonetheless, there are underlying ideas in every culture about what constitutes good and proper
behavior, as well as what constitutes bad behavior. However, it is a regrettable but regular
occurrence for these moral rules to be maintained in the domain of "personal" codes and not
always useful. In the aftermath of the Enron, WorldCom, Parmalat, and other accounting
scandals, corporate ethics has received greater attention in recent years. These well publicized
instances brought attention to the negative impact on people and their families, and prompted a
need for a higher ethical standard of conduct for corporations. For decades, trade unions have
worked hard to expose flaws in many companies' moral codes by connecting corporate behavior
to the real-life suffering and anguish of employees and their families. Clearly, it is a moral duty
to create a healthy workplace that protects workers' mental and physical health, safety, and well-
being. If exposing employees to asbestos is deemed unethical in an industrialized country, it
should also be unethical in a developing one (Coban, Ozdemir and Pisapia, 2019). If exposing
males to hazardous chemicals and other risk factors are deemed unethical, then exposing women
and children should also be considered wrong. Nonetheless, many multinational corporations are
able to compartmentalize their ethical standards in order to export the most hazardous

circumstances or procedures to underdeveloped nations, where views against human rights,
discrimination, and gender concerns may put employees in jeopardy.
Financial Constraints
A financial constraint is something that prevents a path of economic activity from being
pursued and must instead be lodge Short selling, options, and leverage trading, for example, may
be prohibited by broker, limiting your investable universe. A firm's willingness to modify its
level of output in response to modest variations in cost may be limited due to production
limitations. Production limitations may prevent a business from adjusting it’s pricing in response
to a change in cost because price is determined by demand and quantity produced. Inadequate
venture capital availability, inflation, and rising interest rates are all financial limitations. To deal
with unexpected changes in financial situations, small firms should include contingencies in their
cash flow budgets. It's crucial to be able to carry out these manufacturing procedures swiftly and
cost-effectively. Personnel expenses are influenced by the availability of skilled labor and the
capacity of available equipment. Production systems and workflows that have been optimized
also help. The theory of limitations is based on the idea that organizations can be monitored and
managed by changes in three variables: throughput, operational expenditure, and inventory. Cash
flow is critical to the sustainability of the business yet many owners are struggling to pay their
expenses (Edmonstone, 2017).. This sets restrictions apart from typical excuses. A financial
restriction is something that limits the number or quality of investment alternatives available to
an investor. They might come from within or outside the company. Internal and external
restrictions confront every investment.
Corporate culture
The personality and character of an organization are defined by its culture. It's the totality
of a company's values, traditions, beliefs, relationships, behaviors, and attitudes that makes it
distinct. A positive work culture attracts more talents towards the company and enhances the
engagement of the workers towards the company and also improves satisfaction and happiness of
the workers and influences their performance. Everything has an impact on the personality of the
business will stop culture is influenced by several factors including workplace practices policies
personal leadership management and several more. Positive work culture attract talent and job
candidates towards the organization show that the company and has the capability. It also

support the company to involve more consumers towards the company and retain their
employees for the long-term and all satisfy the consumers and they feel more valuable so it
create positive impact on the organizations
2. Critically analyses roles and responsibilities which enable effective organizations.
Communication is facilitated by organizational structure. Also, offer a clear set of
methods for creating or improving processes. In order for an organization to perform more
efficiently and successfully, it has to have a good organizational structure.
Leadership: The concept that create impact culture in the workplace. The way the leaders
communicate and interact with the workers is create impact on the culture. as what they
communicate and how they convey their message towards the employees.
Management: The management of an organization's systems, processes, structure, pecking
order, pedals, and objectives. The amount to which manager provide workers the influence to
create decision, support and engage with them, and behave in a consistent manner.
Workplace practices: Recruiting, selection, on boarding, pay and benefits, rewards and
recognition, training and development, advancement/promotion, performance management,
wellness, and work/life balance are just a few examples of workplace traditions (paid time off,
leave, etc.).
Policies and Philosophies: Organizational principles like hiring, salary pay for presentation, and
inner transmit and endorsement, as well as number present, dress system, code of conduct, and
scheduling, are all covered by employment policies (Fotohabadi and Kelly, 2018).
Work Environment: substance, artifact, and additional tangible indicators found in the place of
work. These comprise things like what employees put on their desk, what the association
displays on its ramparts, how they allocate liberty and office, how those offices appear (colour,
furniture, etc. ), and how common spaces are used.
3. Systematically evaluate approaches to problem solving in order to support innovation and
initiate change.
CPS (creative problem solving) is a technique for using imagination to come up with
fresh ideas and solutions to issues. The method is focused on distinguishing between divergent
and convergent thinking patterns so that they may focus on their thoughts on producing first and
then assessing later. Ideas generated by creativity contribute to increased productivity and system

adequacy. Adaption and innovation are the two ways to creative issue resolution. The distinction
is that in one situation, an entrepreneur adapts a solution, but in the other, they develop a very
inventive solution. There are few creative approaches like having the capacity to create, or
having the capability to create. Possessing or displaying imagination; marked by originality of
thinking or ingenuity. A person with a creative mind 3 intended to or prone to provoking
imagination or creativity.
Extrinsic factors of motivation
When no incentive is given, extrinsic motivators will improve immediate performance
but have a negative impact on later performance. Furthermore, when a reward promise is
violated, performance suffers much more. Passion isn't created by extrinsic incentive. Someone
who doesn't care about what they do will perform the absolute minimum to be paid. Most people
believe that intrinsic motivation is the best; however this is not always the case. Sometimes a
person simply lacks the desire to participate in a certain activity.
SWOT analysis:
In many European nations, strategy is becoming an important management subject for
health care organizations as a result of the introduction of (regulated) market competition and
self-regulation. As a result, health managers are increasingly incorporating strategic ideas and
tools. The SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis appears to be
particularly popular. However, there aren't many. The healthcare business is a fast-paced, ever-
changing field. They will have difficulty traversing the trenches if they are not prepared for the
next changes.
Strength: Provide new and/or creative service capabilities, as well as cost savings affinities
cultural additional elements that contribute value to a company's reputation better location or
geographic advantage unique skills and/or experience.
Threats: they have absence of marketing plan and launching in technology. This thing becomes
major weakness of the organization and creates gaps in capabilities of the company.
Opportunities: the organization have new market segment which provide improved profit and
along with this they have availability of the new technologies and modification in population
profile a requirement so it create major opportunities for the organization in order to get more
success and opportunities (Gardner-McTaggart, 2020).

Threats: Major competitor in the Marketplace and the lake of motivation in the organization as
major threat for the organization along with this loss of key staff what's the company's another
thread for the organization.
Critically evaluate the importance of reflexivity in developing transformational leadership skills.
In recent years, leadership has developed as a new and successful method for managing
people and the organization as a whole. Human resource management has gradually superseded
the traditional concept of personnel management. This focuses on the strategic integration of
current leadership styles into effective staff management and performance improvement.
Transformational Theory: Across disciplines, transformational leadership is the most
researched leadership style. Charisma is a quality of transformational leaders. By developing and
portraying an inspirational picture of the future, they encourage subordinates and appeal to their
ideas and moral principles. This type of leadership entails forging an emotional bond between
leaders and employees. Transformational leaders are really concerned about their colleagues'
well-being. When they work together to develop a mission to which they are dedicated, the
process is aided. Transformational leaders are those who can influence people's behavior by
using their own knowledge, inventiveness, and skill to create circumstances for changing 14 the
"soft" elements of transformational arrangements. These are the factors that are more complex
than the so-called "hard" Transformational Leadership transformation - since it involves an
organization's "interior," qualitative, or mental change(Hardwick-Franco, 2019). No other
element is thought to be as critical to an organization's success or survival. Developing a high-
performance workforce is becoming increasingly vital, and company leaders must be able to
motivate employees to go above and beyond their job responsibilities. New leadership paradigms
have evolved as a result, one of which is transformational leadership.
Culture: An organizational culture-driven work environment is created by purpose and clear
expectations. As a result, employees are encouraged and inspired to become more active in their
jobs and interactions with others. It also leads to a high level of staff participation, which
increases productivity. The company culture influences the environment and the kind of long-
term goals that help the firm achieve its vision. The norms and processes that allow the company
to achieve its purpose on a daily basis are also influenced by culture. Internalization of cultural
norms can result in beneficial or bad effects.. Observers of poor habits, for example, may explain
similar behavior and routines (Heide and Simonsson, 2019). These negative behaviors might

then spiral out of control, spreading to others and gaining institutional traction. In addition to its
intrinsic value, culture has significant social and economic repercussions. Individuals and
communities benefit from culture because it enhances their quality of life and overall well-being
through enhancing learning and health, promoting tolerance, and offering opportunities to
connect with others.
Leadership Styles:
The way a leader issues instructions, implements ideas, and motivates people is referred
to as his or her leadership style. Several authors have claimed that leaders in politics, business,
and other fields exhibit a range of leadership styles.
Authoritarian Leadership:
Authoritarian leadership styles allow a leader to define goals and create
expectations. A one-person show can be effective when the leader is the
most knowledgeable member of the crew. Although this is a time-saving
method in a hurry, creativity will suffer as a result of the team's restricted
involvement.
Advantages:
o In this style with is possible for the individual overcome the time period which is
spent in making important and essential decision
o Along with this it is possible for an individual to overcome the plan
implementation barriers.
o It is possible to decrease plan implementation errors.
o It is also possible for the individual to stress the command of change
Disadvantages:
o A strict leadership style can occasionally result in employee revolt.
o Employee innovation and creativity are stifled.
o It prevents group collaboration and synergy from occurring.
o The quantity of information that the organisation shares has significantly dropped.
Participative Leadership:

Participative leadership techniques are based on democratic ideology. The aim is for team
members to participate in decision-making. As a consequence, team members feel more
included, engaged, and motivated to contribute. The leader will have the last say in most
decision-making circumstances.
Advantage
o It enhance the satisfaction and motivation of the workers in the organisation
o The workers are more encouraged to use their imagination.
o Participatory leadership aids in the formation of a strong team.
o It is possible to reach a high degree of productivity.
Disadvantage
o Decision-making processes become time-consuming.
o Employees have a high probability of apologising to their employers.
o Breakdowns in communication do happen from time to time.
o Transparency in data transmission might result in security issues.
o Inexperienced individuals are more likely to make bad decisions.
Transactional Leadership
This style is concentrating on transactions among the followers and leaders like in
incentives, penalties, and moreover in order to accomplish their goals and objects. The leaders
set effective goals for their team and everyone knows how their contribution will be rewarded.in
context of transactional leadership style the leaders set quantifiable and time bound goal that the
employees can achieve (Nabih, Metwally and Nawar, 2016). In addition to this the workers
motivation and their productivity is enhanced by using transactional leadership and it formulate a
system which is very e easy and simple to execute for leaders and followed by workers.
These are several kinds of benefits and disadvantages of using all these kinds of
leadership styles while operating the business.
Ways of Communicating
There are several kinds of a through which the leaders should communicate with their
workers in an appropriate manner in order to get more positive outcomes and make them feel
valuable in the organization. Every leader’s primary mode of communication should be listening.
Although there is no perfect listening speaking ratio the balance should always leave slightly in

context of listening. It is very required for them to pay attention not only to what their team says
but also they have to pay attention towards what they don't say. Communication is very
important for the company in order to gain trust and align efforts in order to accomplish the goals
and objectives and to get inspire positive change in the company. when in the organization
communication is making it is very important for the company to build connection and overcome
the barriers that hinder progress. It is very important for the leaders to have keep ability to adapt
communication style. There are simple communication is style which are most frequently causes
of bad communication and it create several issues like and clear priorities and also enhanced
stress. Therefore it is very important for the leaders to identify their leadership style so that they
can analyze how to interact with each other in the company. Along with this it is very important
for the leaders to have active listening (Peck, and Hogue, 2018). Effective leaders are required
to analyze about that when they required communicating and more importantly when they are
required to listen. It is very essential for the leaders to stay in the movement and neglect
interrupting and destruction points. Along with this it is very important for the leaders to keep
their concentration on the workers and what they are saying. Along with it is very important for
the readers to maintain transparency through speaking openly about the organization of
opportunities challenges gold so that they can build trust between the team and poster and
surroundings where workers feel more empowered in order to share their opinion and collaborate
with company. This very required for the leaders to generate clarity when they are
communicating with their workers. Along with it is very quiet for the l to have a capability to ask
open ended questions so that they can motivate their workers to achieve their goals and solve
their queries.
CONCLUSION
From the above-mentioned report it has been concluded that there are several kind of
factors which are required to be considered by the company in order to achieve their goals and
objectives. Leadership and management are those kind of factors which support the company to
managing their activities according to their objectives of the company. From the investigation it
has been analyzed that there are several kind of differences among leadership and Management

which are interlinked with each other. It is very important for the company to work on them and
get more opportunities for the organization in order to achieve their goals and objectives

REFRENCES
Books and Journal
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Coban, O., Ozdemir, S. and Pisapia, J., 2019. Top managers’ organizational change management
capacity and their strategic leadership levels at Ministry of National Education
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Heide, M. and Simonsson, C., 2019. Internal crisis communication: crisis awareness, leadership
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Nabih, Y., Metwally, A.H. and Nawar, Y.S., 2016. Emotional intelligence as a predictor of
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Peck, J.A. and Hogue, M., 2018. Acting with the best of intentions… or not: A typology and
model of impression management in leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 29(1),
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