Leadership and Management in the Workplace - Motivational Theories and Performance Management

Leadership and
Management in the
Workplace
(PROJECT-2)

INTRODUCTION
 Leadership can be defined as the potential of a business organization to set challenging goals and
targets in association with the company in order to achieve them and help themselves in gaining an
influential position within the market.
 The presentation is based on the study of Sainsbury and aims to determine the use of different
kinds of motivational theories within the operations and management of the company.
 It will also discuss a number of performance management approaches and a list of leadership
management and theories with respect to the organization.

Introduction to motivational theories, performance management and
continuous improvement
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy theory
 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a theory that is used by different
organizations in order to encourage and motivate their workforce within
the company. This theory is also used by the management of the
Sainsbury, in the following manner:
 Physiological needs: These are known as the most basic needs of an
individual which includes the basic necessities such as clothing, shelter,
food, reproduction.
 Safety needs: In this stage, the employees want to feel safe from any kind
of hazards and also wants to secure their family and their loved ones.
 Belongingness needs: The employees have certain social needs in which
they present needs to communicate with other and make friends and show
the love for their family.
 Esteem needs: In order to fulfil the esteem needs of the employees within
the company, the management of Sainsbury recognises the efforts made by
each and every individual within the organization.
 Self-actualization needs: Lastly, the Sainsbury makes use of training and
development programs, promotes and inculcates the culture of feedbacks
within the company in order to satisfy the self-actualization needs of the
workforce.

CONTINUED
 Vroom’s expectancy theory
 The basic ideology behind the Vroom’s Expectancy Theory is that
the people choose to increase their pleasure and minimise their pain.
In order to link the motivation with effort and performance, this
theory has three variables, i.e., Expectancy, Instrumentality and
Valence.
 These have been described below:
 Expectancy: It has been determined that in order to motivate the
employees, it is necessary that if an employee carries out an activity,
they must get the required results or they will feel demoralised.
 Instrumentality: It has been determined that there are times when
an employee gets the desired outcome bust still does not feel
satisfied.
 Valence
 Valence can be defined as the value of the outcome in the eyes of the
employees.