Leadership and Management in the Workplace - Motivational Theories and Performance Management

This presentation discusses the importance of leadership, motivation, and management in enhancing productivity and profitability in an organization. It explores different motivational theories and performance management approaches, with a focus on Sainsbury. The presentation also covers different leadership and management styles and their impact on the workforce.

Leadership and
Management in the
Workplace
(PROJECT-2)

INTRODUCTION
 Leadership can be defined as the potential of a business organization to set challenging goals and
targets in association with the company in order to achieve them and help themselves in gaining an
influential position within the market.
 The presentation is based on the study of Sainsbury and aims to determine the use of different
kinds of motivational theories within the operations and management of the company.
 It will also discuss a number of performance management approaches and a list of leadership
management and theories with respect to the organization.

Introduction to motivational theories, performance management and continuous
improvement
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy theory
 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a theory that is used by different
organizations in order to encourage and motivate their workforce within the
company. This theory is also used by the management of the Sainsbury, in
the following manner:
 Physiological needs: These are known as the most basic needs of an
individual which includes the basic necessities such as clothing, shelter,
food, reproduction.
 Safety needs: In this stage, the employees want to feel safe from any kind
of hazards and also wants to secure their family and their loved ones.
 Belongingness needs: The employees have certain social needs in which
they present needs to communicate with other and make friends and show
the love for their family.
 Esteem needs: In order to fulfil the esteem needs of the employees within
the company, the management of Sainsbury recognises the efforts made by
each and every individual within the organization.
 Self-actualization needs: Lastly, the Sainsbury makes use of training and
development programs, promotes and inculcates the culture of feedbacks
within the company in order to satisfy the self-actualization needs of the
workforce.

CONTINUED
 Vroom’s expectancy theory
 The basic ideology behind the Vroom’s Expectancy Theory is that the
people choose to increase their pleasure and minimise their pain. In
order to link the motivation with effort and performance, this theory
has three variables, i.e., Expectancy, Instrumentality and Valence.
 These have been described below:
 Expectancy: It has been determined that in order to motivate the
employees, it is necessary that if an employee carries out an activity,
they must get the required results or they will feel demoralised.
 Instrumentality: It has been determined that there are times when an
employee gets the desired outcome bust still does not feel satisfied.
 Valence
 Valence can be defined as the value of the outcome in the eyes of the
employees.

CONTINUED
 Performance management and continuous
improvement
 The performance management can be defined
as a process of communication between the employer
and the employee in an organization that takes place
throughout the year in order to achieve the goals and
objectives set by the company.
 Similarly, an organization including the Sainsbury needs
to implement different strategies within the company in
order to ensure the continuous improvement within an
enterprise as it helps an enterprise in enhancing their
market position and thus increase their profitability
within the market.

Examples of the application of performance management
approaches
 There are different approaches of performance management that can
be used by an organization including Sainsbury in order to measure the
performance of their employees. These have been explained below:
 Comparative approach: This approach ranks the performance of the
employees on the basis of their performance with a group of people
and rewards them on the basis of the same.
 Attribute approach: In this measure of performance management, the
management of company formulates certain parameters such as
individuals having problem solving skills, ones having effective
communication skills, and many more of such skills.
 Result approach: The result approach is also a method or approach
used by the organizations in order to measure the performance of the
employees.
 Quality approach: This approach is used by organization which helps
them in enhancing the level of customer satisfaction by aiming to
minimize the errors and continuously working in order to enhance the
performance of the employees.

Assessment of how leadership and management approaches for
managing performance supports continuous improvement
 Transformational leadership theory
 This theory of leadership is also known as the relationship theory. This theory
mainly focuses on the relationship between the leader and its followers.
 Adaptive leadership approach
 The adaptive leadership approach can be defined as a style of leadership that
allows an organization to take up different challenges within the company and
prepare the employees in order to achieve the goals set by them.
 Bureaucratic management theory
 This theory was given by Max weber and this theory mainly gives emphasis on
structuring the enterprise in a hierarchy. The major objective behind developing an
organizational hierarchical structure to formulate certain rules and regulations
within the company.
 Democratic management approach
 A democratic management is a style of management that is used by the
management of different company.
 In the democratic management approach, the manager of an organisation listens to
the feedbacks, views, opinions, perceptions of the employees working within the
company before planning to make any important business decision.

Recommendations
 Even though, the management of the Sainsbury is effectively managing the workforce and their
performance within the company. However, these strategies can help the management of Sainsbury's
in continuous improvement of the company.
 In order to work towards constant improvement within the company, it is essential that the
management of the company recognises the efforts made by different individuals within the
organization and reward them on the basis of the same. This will encourage the employees of the
company in encouraging the workforce of the company into working hard for the company and thus
help the organization in achieving the goals and objectives set by the enterprise.
 Similarly, the management of the Sainsbury should also focus on cultivating and promoting the
culture of feedback within the organization. When the company listens to the needs and wants of the
employees, it influences the workforce into believing that they are important for the success of the
organization and therefore, they should work in order to increase the productivity and profitability of
the organization within the market. This, in turn will help the company in enhancing the performance
of the workforce within the organization and bringing effective results associated with the same.

Reflective Statement
 From this project, I came to understand the importance of the motivation, leadership and the
different style of management in enhancing the productivity and outcome of the organisation.
 In order to complete this project, I researched about different theories of motivation and how they
are used within an enterprise in order to increase the efficiency and productivity of employees
within an organization.
 This presentation was also helpful for me in determining the importance of the different styles of
leadership within an organization and how they have the power and authority to influence and
motivate the workforce of a company.

CONCLUSION
 From the presentation, it can be concluded that in order to increase the productivity and
profitability of a company, the leadership, motivation and the management plays a vital role.
 An effective leadership and management style has the power to influence the workforce within a
company and increase the organizational efficiency and productivity.
 The current presentation also discusses about the how the Sainsbury can manage the performance
of the workforce in order to continuously improve the operations and functioning of the company.

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