Leadership and Management: Theories and Practices

This report covers different theories and models related to leadership and management. It includes the importance of good leadership, Lewin's leadership styles, path goal theory, and transformational leadership. The report also discusses the difference between leadership and management, and provides examples of companies that follow effective practices related to both. The author shares their personal learning experience related to leadership.

Leadership and
management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................4
What is involved being a successful leader.................................................................................4
Lewin's leadership styles.............................................................................................................5
Path goal theory..........................................................................................................................6
Transformational leadership........................................................................................................7
Developing a good leadership and theories of leadership development.....................................7
What distinguishes leadership from management.......................................................................8
Management definition...............................................................................................................9
Leadership definition..................................................................................................................9
Key difference between management and leadership(Examples)............................................10
My learning experience related to leadership...........................................................................10
Managerial skills assessment of own........................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
The leadership is an important activity which helps a business to develop systematic
operations at the marketplace. It is major responsibility of a company to develop precise
operations in order to develop effective leadership in order to gain competency edge (Alchin,
Arthur and Woodrow, 2019). Companies at the marketplace should involve professional
practices of leadership in order to gain market share. In the recent times, many successful
international and national companies focus on systematic leadership development in order to
compete at the marketplace. It is also major responsibility of a company to gain market share
with the help of leadership approach for gaining competency edge. In this report example of
AstraZeneca company is taken into consideration for better understanding leadership operations.
The company was founded in the year 1999 and is a major British-Swedish multinational
company. In this report different theories and models related to leadership are covered in an
effective manner. This project also includes the importance of self learning about leadership
from past experiences.

MAIN BODY
What is involved being a successful leader
The successful leader is demand of every company in the domestic or global marketplace
as successful leader makes the company ready for handling different consequences and
challenges. It is important and necessary for a company to develop successful leadership
operations in order to become successful at the marketplace (Amtu, Siahaya and Taliak, 2019).
The companies are demanding for successful leader at the marketplace in order to manage
workforce with sustainability. A leader should be responsible to team and qualities of a
successful leader are mentioned below:
 Patience- The patience is an important requirement of a leader which helps him to
develop calmness in operations. A leader must not be in a hurry every time the, focus of
him should be on goals and objectives of a company. The leader must maintain patience
throughout the achievement of goals and objectives in order to develop ethical practices.
A leader should also maintain effective edge in management of a team with utmost
responsibility. The goal of a leader should be on maintaining patience throughout the
time period of goals achievement.
 Time management skills- It is important for a leader to have appropriate time
management skills which are helpful in maintaining routine work. A successful leader
must be punctual towards goals and objectives of the company and follow major
practices related to time management. The companies should also take into consideration,
time management skills that are effective in management of time and developing
advantages. Application of time management skills will help the company to develop
systematic and effective organisational goals that are helpful in increasing sustainability.
Time management should be also considered as a major practice in order to lead the
marketplace with advantage (Bush, 2018) . It is also a major task of company to enable
systematic operations related to time management for increasing sustainability in
different tasks.
 Dedication- A successful leader must be dedicated towards goals and policies of the
company. In order to develop successful dedication in the working, it is important for a
leader to understand his own value for the company. A leader must maintain effective

dedication towards the values and ethics in order to develop effective dedication.
Dedication is the most essential part of personality of a good leader to develop effective
approach in maximising output. Individuals dedication towards functions of the company
is achieved with the help of consistency. So both dedication and consistency are
important for an individual to prefer in organisational life.
Lewin's leadership styles
The Lewin's leadership styles are important approach which helps a company to develop
effective leadership approach. The Lewin's leadership styles are adopted by major companies to
develop effective leadership practices. The major style which are used by Astra Zeneca are
mentioned below:
 Autocratic leadership style- The Autocratic leadership style is a good approach which is
used by a company to facilitate business development. It is major responsibility of
management to adopt this style in which only decisions which are formulated by a leader
are taken into consideration (De Oliveira, Cavazotte and Alan Dunzer, 2019). The
autocratic leadership style is not considered as a good practice as it ignores role of team
members in major decisions. The decision making in autocratic leadership is vague for
the company as it ignores effective management.
 Democratic leadership style- The democratic leadership style is majorly responsible for
facilitating decisions with consent and advice of all team members. Companies should
practice this type of leadership style in major operations of the company to evaluate best
and ethical business practices. It is recommended for a business firm to include
democratic leadership style in order to make dynamic decisions of the organisation. The
democratic leadership style is also one of the major technique which involves decision
making in an effective manner that is supportive in eliminating risk associated with the
operations.
 Delegation leadership- In this style of leadership, the leader performs operations with
major delegation. Delegation leadership enables the team members to formulate major
decisions of the company (Hallinger, 2019). In this approach, organisations keeps an eye
on major leadership practices including delegation to major subordinate employees. Also
it is major and crucial responsibility of a company like Astra Zeneca to formulate best
leadership practices.

Path goal theory
Path goal theory
The path goal theory is a major and universally adopted approach which takes into
consideration different elements and frameworks to understand leadership. With the application
of path goal theory in a company, it becomes easy for the business entity to focus on path goal
theory. Astra Zeneca uses path
Categorization of Path Goal Theory
Employee Characteristics: In this approach, all the major characteristics of employees
are measured in order to gain developing edge. It is very much necessary for a business to focus
on employee characteristics in order to understand their behaviour and traditions. The employee
characteristics and their understanding helps a company to evaluate major practices related to
organisational policy and plan.
Environment and Task attributes:The environment and surroundings of the company
should be evaluated in a precise manner for sustainability (Hallinger, 2020) . It is important for
the business to focus on friendliness related to ecology for conducting ethical business.
Leadership Behaviour: This refers to the attitude and behaviour of a leader in the
organisation for business development. It is also important for the company to understand all
round behaviour of a leader to develop desired business practices. Companies in global
marketplace try to develop effective leadership behaviour for the benefit of whole company.

Transformational leadership
The transformational leadership is an important type of leadership approach which
focuses on chain management in an effective manner. This type of leadership is important for the
company when a business faces a complete change in process or structure. The transformational
leadership is applied by the organisation when it faces change after collaboration or merging.
This helps a company to develop major practices which enables it to achieve organisational
objectives. The business organisation should also focus on developing, this type of leadership
with major advantage and growth (Harris and Jones, 2021) In getting competitive edge in major
operations and functions, a company must apply transformational leadership. There is a change
in whole activities and functions that are performed by a leader in the case of transformational
leadership. Company should facilitate transformational leadership with major change in
operations in order to succeed at the marketplace. For achievement of systematic growth it is
important for the company to choose a charismatic leader for transformational leadership.
Developing a good leadership and theories of leadership development
In order to gain desired success at the marketplace, it is important to develop good and
fair leadership within a specific period of time. The good leadership is developed with the help
of effective mechanism aligned with major operations of the company. Good leadership is
always developed by the support of a good leader at the marketplace. In order to establish good
leadership in the company, it is essential for the management to take into consideration help of
strategic planning. The top level management and strategic management of a company should be
helpful in developing precise leadership related operations. It is also major responsibility of a
company to take assistance and support of human resource management for performing
leadership related operations (Hynes and et. al., 2018) . A good leadership is developed with the
support of a good leadership style, so it is essential for a company to take into account
democratic leadership style. Developing good leadership also helps a company to establish
effective goodwill at the marketplace. In the recent times, many organisations are providing
regular training to the employees which are helpful in solving out major leadership approaches
and theories for market growth. Leaders should also include effective practices of good
leadership development, in order to develop competency edge at the marketplace.

What distinguishes leadership from management
Leadership is a primary function which is performed in a business organisation by a
leader. On the other hand, management is a different function which helps in controlling large
number of employees using effective approach. The companies should distinguish leadership and
management in different manner to manage employees effectively. Leadership is a narrow term
which includes management of employees in a well defined manner where the number is small.
On the other hand management is a wider term which includes large number of employees and
their systematic management. It is also important for the company to focus on both management
and leadership in order to manage all the employees in a significant manner. The growth and
development of individual depends on leadership and management principles that are effective in
development of all operations (Karami-Akkary and Hammad, 2019) . The overall productivity of
the company is also improved with the application of practices related to leadership in order to
develop systematic operations. In order to gain competitive advantage, an organisation must
focus on leadership related functions and goals in order to increase its market strength. The
companies in international and national marketplace should focus on deploying professional
leaders in the company for gain in systematic operations and procedures. The scope and nature of
functions separates leadership from the management in an effective manner.

Management definition
The management is a skilled and trained body of a company which enables a business
firm to manage different operations and employees. In other words, management is a systematic
approach which is helpful in giving necessary instructions to employees for completion of
company's tasks. In the era of stiff competition between different companies, it is useful for a
company to deploy management practices that are effective in nature to achieve organisational
goals. Companies in international and national marketplace, focus on developing fixed and
flexible functions in order to seek attention of different customers (Megheirkouni, 2018).
Companies in the corporate world majorly focus on management and its dimensions to gain
competitive advantage.
Leadership definition
The leadership is an important function of the business which helps in management of a
team and its development. Leadership is also a major aspect which includes different elements
that helps a company to achieve long and short term objectives. Companies should also take into
consideration major leadership styles for performing management of employees. The autocratic
leadership style is a major leadership approach which takes into consideration decisions
formulated by only leader. This helps a company to develop effective and risk free decision
making. It is also major responsibility of company to develop democratic leadership style in the
company for taking consent of major employees in decision making. In this approach major
decisions of the organisation are made in a precise manner (Place and Vardeman-Winter, 2018).
The growth and sustainability in operations of a company is also achieved by the support of
appropriate leadership style. In order to develop effective edge in organisational operations it is
also compulsory for employees to take support of top level management.

Key difference between management and leadership(Examples)
The management and leadership both are important for a company to earn profitability. It
is major role of company to analyse the key differences between leadership and management in
order to gain attention of employees. Overall productivity of employees is also achieved with the
help of different approaches related to leadership and management. Management contains large
number of experience employees, who are effective in managing manpower resources.
Companies in the international and domestic market should prefer leadership related functions to
establish effective edge over competitors. The leaders are also highly skilled and qualified in a
company to maintain different operations and functions in a systematic manner. It is major
responsibility of management in a company to focus on key areas of development that are also
helpful in management of employees (Podsakoff and Podsakoff, 2019). In order to develop a
precise approach in managing employees, leadership play a very significant role. The companies
should also formulate effective business practices that are beneficial in increasing the faith and
loyalty of employees. It is also major duty of a company to apply and implement various theories
and models of management to effectively manage manpower related resources. Key objective of
every company should be on management of culture and internal environment of the company.
The Tesco is a good example of a company which develops and follow major practices related to
leadership and management. The company also try to prefer allocation of human resources
towards the desired direction for increasing efficiency in the operations. It is also majorly
important for the company to prefer and develop practices that are helpful in developing ethics
in employees.
My learning experience related to leadership
I have learnt from this module that leadership is the most important function of a
company to develop systematic operations. I understand that, there are many different ways
through which a company can develop its leadership related operations for long term success. In
order to implement best leadership approach in the company it is important for the leader to
choose best leadership style. According to me, democratic leadership style is a major type of
leadership practice which should be chosen by a leader to establish healthy relationship with
employees (Sattari, Khodabandehlou and Lashkari, 2021) . According to my learning experience,
democratic leadership style is a major approach which helps a business to formulate effective
decisions related to the company. In the recent times, importance of democratic leadership style

is increasing in this competitive world. Also major companies focus on systematic development
approach while implementing leadership related goals and objectives to compete at the
marketplace. Leadership is also a key function of the management of a company which also
helps a company to achieve goals and objectives. The major companies in international and
national marketplace focus on developing a brief business plan which includes the application of
democratic leadership (Stanley, 2017). I have also learnt that a leader must be dedicated towards
goals and objectives of the company in a precise manner. The companies should focus on
analysing regular goals and objectives for achievement of desired goals and objectives. I have
also learnt that, it is very much crucial for a leader to plan for future objectives and aims of the
company in order to gain desired competency in the marketplace. I will assess my own
leadership skills in order to perform major tasks and functions related to career development. I
will also determine my leadership skills by looking into different objectives and goals of
academic and career life.
Managerial skills assessment of own
I consider that it is important for an individual in academic and career related life to
analyse managerial skills. The managerial skills are important for managing manpower and
workforce in the company with effectiveness and efficiency. Companies in international
marketplace try to teach individuals different learning skills for overall development of the
business firm. My managerial skills are not too strong, so I need to develop effective practices
that are helpful in increasing my management skills. I will take guidance and support of my
seniors and professors to enhance and improve my managerial skills. I will also gain in depth
knowledge about leadership and management to lead the marketplace with major advantage. In
order to improve my management skills I will prefer the guidance given by professional
managers. I will try to read and solve case studies of different organisations like Tesco, Marks
and Spencer and Walmart to gain competency edge in management of the skills. In order to learn
management skills in a more advanced manner, I will take guidance and support of management
of major organisations (Siren and Gehrs, 2018) . My communication and coordination skills are
also very crucial which will help me to perform major functions related to academic life. I will
also gain effective edge over my competitors by taking support of managers and team members.
The development of an individual also depends on learning from surroundings, so I will prefer
whole environment to learn management skills.

CONCLUSION
From the above stated report it can be concluded that leadership is an important function
of the company to develop legal and ethical operations. The leadership is also a major activity
which helps a company to develop ethical and effective management of employees. This project
concludes the importance of major business organisations in order to handle and manage large
number of employees through leadership. In order to manage effective relationship between
employees, it is compulsory for the company to take assistance of leadership related operations.
Most of the successful companies in global marketplace adopt democratic leadership style to
compete at marketplace. This project also concludes that it is the ethical responsibility of a
business to include and develop major operations related leadership in order to perform
systematic operations.

REFERENCES
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