Leadership and Management Theories and Their Impact on Workplace Effectiveness: A Case Study of Tesco

Leadership and
management
Part 1

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK...............................................................................................................................................3
P1. Different theories of leadership in relation to the managerial activities..........................3
P2. Explore different theories of management in relation to the leadership and managerial
activities..................................................................................................................................5
M1. Theories of leadership and management can influence the workplace effectiveness.....6
P3. Different styles of leadership and management and their applications in varieties of
situation..................................................................................................................................6
M2. Compare the impact of different styles on decision-making..........................................7
P4. Factors that influence the cultural development in the workplace...................................8
M3. Evaluate the significance of workplace culture on the performance of various
organisations...........................................................................................................................9
D1. Critique the impact of various approaches to leadership and management....................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
References:.....................................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Management is defined as the five step process which include planning, organising, staffing,
directing and controlling undertaken by the managers of a business organisation for the
performing all the business operations in a systematic manner. Management is a wide concept as
it leads to managing all the tasks and operations of business. Leadership is just a part of
management under which the people are being lead by the leaders and they influence their team
members, so that they can get the work done by others. Both leaders as well as managers work
for the purpose of achieving the organisational common goals and objectives. They work
together by sharing the common goals and other essential information. It help the employees in
understanding their roles in order to fulfil the organisational requirement. The chosen
organisation for this report is Tesco plc which is a British multinational groceries and general
merchandise retailer having headquarter in Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire England, United
Kingdom. It specialises in filling senior board and management jobs that require highly qualified
executives with extensive experience. The following study is based on several leadership and
management theories and models used in various firms. Finally, it discusses several aspects that
affect the company's culture growth.
TASK
P1. Different theories of leadership in relation to the managerial activities.
Leadership is the art of inspiring and encouraging a group of people to behave in a certain
way in order to achieve the company's common goals. It encapsulates the essence of being ready
and capable of guiding others. In order for people to be able to engage in the way the leader
wants them to act, effective leadership in an organisation requires both original and borrowed
ideas to be communicated effectively (Rosenbach, 2018). It is concerned with making sound and
difficult decisions, developing a clear vision, setting attainable targets, and delivering
information, tools, and equipment to achieve such organisational goals. The following are the
leadership theories that apply to Tesco:

Behavioural theory of Leadership:
Leaders are built, not born, according to this leadership paradigm. The emphasis is on the
leader's specific acts and behaviours rather than their features or traits. It states that effective
leadership is the result of a combination of learned talents. It's commonly referred to as "style
theory." This idea notices and categorises patterns of behaviour (Forde, Torrance and Angelle,
2021). People-oriented leaders, task-oriented leaders, status-quo leaders, country club leaders,
dictatorial leaders, and others are among the several leadership styles. Finally, in this theory, a
great leader's success is defined by his or her actual behaviours and actions. If there’s a problem
with a team, the task-oriented leader of Marks and Spencer company will look at the process to
see if something needs to be adjusted with the workflow. Whereas the people-oriented leader
will look at the individuals and go right to them, asking what the issue is.
Benefits:
 Most importantly, leaders may understand and decide what actions and behaviours they
wish to employ in their leadership in order to become more effective.
 It enables for ability to adapt in a variety of situations.
 It posits that everyone with the ability to lead can do so.
Drawbacks:
 Because it allows for flexibility, it is not appropriate in all situations.
 This notion gives rise to a plethora of leadership styles, but none of them are appropriate
for every situation.
Contingency theory of leadership:
Situational theory is another name for this theory. It implies that no single leadership
style can take the place of another. It implies that leadership is contingent on the situation at
hand. The main focus is on specific environmental conditions that may impact which type of

leadership is most adequate. Overall, it is true that no situational theory of leadership suggests in
all situations. It takes certain leadership styles and shows how great leaders can change their
leadership patterns depending on the occasion. The management of Tesco face several situations,
sometime it is not in the favour of the organisation. In such situation, the leaders of respective
company are required to adopt contingency theory of leadership.
Benefits:
 It emphasises the importance of a circumstance (Örtenblad, 2018).
 Leaders have the ability to adapt their leadership styles to the needs of the situation.
Drawbacks:
 It may not focus on the workers' psyche or the workplace itself.
 It may not pay enough attention to how leadership styles can fluctuate.
P2. Explore different theories of management in relation to the leadership and managerial
activities.
Management is defined as all tasks and activities carried out in order to achieve the goals
of workplace with the ongoing practices which include planning, organizing, directing, and
controlling the company's financial, human, information, and physical resources for the purpose
of attaining goals and objectives. In addition to Tesco, the following management philosophies
exist:
Scientific theory of management:
Frederick Taylor is the author of this hypothesis. He was the first person to scientifically
recognise work performance. He was implying that forcing employees to work hard is not the
best way to achieve results (Lange, Bormann and Rowold, 2018). He advised that the job and
tasks be simplified in order to increase workplace productivity. Money was the key incentive for
employees to work, according to scholar, which is why he established the "fair day's wages for a
fair day's labour" notion. This hypothesis is used all around the world. The subsequent
collaboration between management and employees spawned the group work that employees now
adore. It encourages specialisation, uniformity, extensive training and supervision, as well as
ability-based assignment. A workplace's productivity and efficiency can only be achieved
through such exercises. Giant companies such as Amazon, McDonalds, and FedEx use a new

version of scientific management theory. These companies found a way to maximize employee
performance by systemizing workplace tools and procedures.
Benefits:
 It boosts productivity by focusing on continuous improvements in corporate processes.
 It facilitates productive collaboration between employers and employees, resulting in better
teamwork. Inaccuracy is reduced because the theory is based on observations and experimentation.
Drawbacks:
 It necessitates a significant capital expenditure owing to the formation of a work study,
personnel training, and a planning team, among other things.
 While planning has its advantages, it also has its disadvantages. Planning creates
inflexible work, which leads to unhappiness and carelessness. As a result, production has
suffered.
Human Relations theory of management:
It was created by Elton Mayo, who believed in conducting experiments to improve
productivity and thereby provide the groundwork for human relations. He intended to
concentrate on the changing working environment, such as break time, lighting, and workday
duration. Every alteration he tried resulted in an improvement in his performance (Harris and
Mayo, 2018). This supports the premise that workers are more inclined to work if they are given
personal attention and are a member of a team than if they are given favourable working
circumstances or monetary incentives. Marks and Spencer is adopting Human relation theory of
management in order to develop effective relationship at work place as it leads to the
enhancement of profitability and productivity of organisation.
Benefits:
 It concentrates on increasing staff productivity.
 It lowers or eliminates workplace complaints.
 It fosters positive interpersonal relationships.
Drawbacks:
 It does not include a work schedule.
 It is solely concerned with the human theory.