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Critical Literature Review – 21st Century Leadership

   

Added on  2020-04-13

11 Pages3375 Words232 Views
Running head: LEADERSHIP 021st CENTURYLEADERSHIP

LEADERSHIP1Table of ContentsIntroduction:...............................................................................................................................................1What is leadership?.....................................................................................................................................2Key competencies of 21st century leadership:.............................................................................................2Similarities and differences between classical and 21st century leadership:................................................3Leadership theories in 21st century:.........................................................................................................3Leadership theories of classical leadership:.............................................................................................4Similarities and differences:....................................................................................................................5Causes of changes in the leadership:...........................................................................................................5Requirements to face these changes:......................................................................................................7Critical analysis of academic researches:.....................................................................................................7Conclusion:..................................................................................................................................................7References:..................................................................................................................................................8Introduction:

LEADERSHIP221st century leadership is all about responding to the changes that are happening in this dynamicworld. The new leadership is not only dependent on the people ‘in charge’ but it requires theparticipation of all the associated links. Understanding the evolving trends in leadership stylesand theories is very important and it is becoming the area of interest for many researchers.Various theories have been introduced regarding leadership since years and those theories haveevolved with time. This evolution is because of one of the most important and impactful drivingfactor that is ‘change’. The dynamic environment of the organisations and the industries all overthe world has forced the leaders to make alterations in their leadership style. The leaders arerequired adapt to handle the changes in every sphere of business either it is human resource,production, or marketing. In order to understand the concept, it is required to study the trends in the evolution of leadershipfrom early times to contemporary era and it is also required to understand the factors that haveimpact on the changing leadership styles. Thus, in the context developed here, this reportpresents a succinct literature of the 21st century leadership style comparing and contrasting itwith the classical leadership styles. What is leadership?Gary Yukl (2006) suggests that leadership is the process that allows the leaders to influenceother people in order to perform the activities that are required to be done and how they shouldbe done. In the opinion of the author leadership is the collective approach to achieve the sharedobjectives. On the other hand, Peter Northhouse (2007) suggests that leadership is the process inwhich an individual has to influence the group of other individuals so that they can collectivelyachieve a common goal. These definitions suggest that leadership is about influencing others sothat ultimate gaols can be achieved by shared efforts of all the people that include the leaders aswell as their followers.There are many theories on leadership which have undergone many changes and modificationswith time as per the changes occurred in the associated factors (Avolio and Yammarino, 2013).This makes the 21st century leadership very different from the other leadership styles that hadbeen followed by the leaders in past.

LEADERSHIP3Key competencies of 21st century leadership:Competencies can be defined as the qualities of an individual or an organisation. To analyse theleadership competencies, it is required to understand the skills required for being a leader in 21stcentury (Baron, 2016). Some of the key competencies for 21st century leaders are discussedbelow:Communication: It is the very important competency that the leaders of 21st century are requiredto follow. Indirect communication or any gap in the communication leads to many issues in theorganisation. Thus, for making a better information flow, it is required for the leaders tocommunicate properly with subordinates and with colleagues as well (Burns, 2012). Strategic and critical thinking: In today’s era, smart working is required than hard working andthus there is a need of strategic thinker at the place of leader so that effective strategic decisionscould be made. To deal with the dynamic environment of the company and the industry, theleaders have to think critically about the positives and negatives of the alternatives available andthen have to make the decision (Chin and Sanchez-Hucles, 2007). Encouraging innovation and diversity of thoughts: The leaders in 21st century have innovativeminds and diverse thinking. They do not rule by their set standards but allow the people to sharetheir opinion so that diversity of ideas can be generated to deal with the issues. Developing talent: The leaders today are required to be talented enough so that they can developthe talent in others as well. This is because, it is not only about performing good leadership but itis about making others to perform efficiently (Dinh, Lord, Gardner, Meuser, Liden and Hu,2014). Cross cultural intelligence: Diversity of workforce and globalisation has brought up manychanges in the organisations and the type of workforce policies. Diversification in the workforcerequires the leaders to be cautious about the culture at the time of dealing with the employeeswith different cultural background (Foss, Nåden and Eriksson, 2014). Thus, having a crosscultural intelligence help the leaders to deal easily with the diversification in the workforce.

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