Leading and Managing The Change Assignment

UNDERSTANDING AND
LEARNING CHANGE

Table of content
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
P1 Compare different organisational examples where there has been an impact of change on
an organisation’s strategy and operations...................................................................................1
LO2..................................................................................................................................................2
P2 Evaluate ways by which external and internal drivers of change affect leadership, team and
individual behaviours within an organisation.............................................................................2
P3 Measures that can be taken to minimise negative impacts of change on organisational
behaviour.....................................................................................................................................5
LO3..................................................................................................................................................6
P4 What are different barriers for change and how it influences leadership decision-making...6
P5 Different leadership approaches to dealing with change ......................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Leading and managing the change within a firm is the most crucial and effective factor
that is been taken in the consideration by a business enterprise (Taylor, 2017). A change id the
suitable alteration that is been taken in the consideration by an organization in order to have a
better placing of the change measure that supports an effective development of a business entity.
For the report, Marks and Spencer is been chosen. It is a UK based retail enterprise.
The report will cover various organizational examples including the impact of changes on
functions and strategy of the firm. The impact of internal and external drivers of change affecting
leadership, team and individual behavior. The measures taken to minimize the impact of changes
on organizational behavior are been taken in consideration with various barriers to change and its
influence to decision making with regard to various leadership approaches.
MAIN BODY
LO1
P1 Compare different organisational examples where there has been an impact of change on an
organisation’s strategy and operations
A wide range of operations are been taken in the consideration by the firm that will help
the organisation to enhance the quality of business operations and thus will help an organisation
to enhance the quality of products and services that they offer to their customers. It also assists
proper management of business activities and action plans to enhance the quality of business
operations and activities (Siemens, 2014). Various firms had a significant level of impact of the
changes that are been taken in the consideration by the firm. This will help the organisation to
enhance the quality of products and services that will suggest the proper placing of the business
activities and operations and thus will lead the organisation to enhance the core compatibility and
overall performance of a business enterprise. Some major firms that have taken the changes in
much effective and significant manner are:
Marks & Spencer: This is the core factor that helps the firm to enhance the quality of products
and services which will lead the firm to carry out the business operations and activities in much
effective and significant manner (Shalev-Shwartz and Ben-David, 2014). Looking at the
technological advancement in retail sector, the form has adopted many technological changes,
affecting the performance like adoption of smart purchase cards, online booking of items,
placing of business activities and operations. Besides this, it will help the organisation to
1

improve the overall work performance of the selected retail enterprise. This factors will impact
the strategical management of the operation's and roles within the organisation improving
its performance. Adoption of this strategy will increase the overall performance of
organisation in much effective way.
Asda: As this is an emerging retail enterprise, it has a higher scope of adopting the suitable
placing of the operations that will lead the firm to carry out the retail operations in much
effective manner. This will help the organisation to adopt innovative technical changes that will
support the effective growth of the firm (Illeris, 2018). Other than this, the restructuring in the
organisational structure has helped the firm to enhance the firm to carry out the effective placing
of the business activities and retail operations. Thus, this can be said that the Asda is positively
impacted by the organisational and influential changes that are been taken in the consideration by
the changes that are taken within the organisation. Asda will look after the proper
management of this strategy to improve their performance and thus will lead the
organisation to have a good management of change factors within the firm.
Sainsbury: This retail firm has taken the changes in a much variant way. The retail organisation
has adopted the “Go Green” strategy including the switching to environment friendly products
and service measures that will help the firm to enhance the overall operations and activities that
will support the proper placing of the business activities. This has helped the firm to carry out the
suitable measures that will help the firm to enhance the quality of business operations that are
taken in the context by the firm. Besides this, it will also support the proper management of the
customers demand and reduce pollution during manufacturing process (Shao and et.al., 2015).
This strategy will improve the quality of operations that will help the firm to carry out its
environmental polices and cope up with the environmental changes on the organisation.
Morrison's: This will help the firm to carry out the business operations and activities in much
effective manner that will support the proper placing of the firm in the minds of the customers.
The firm has incorporated the effective social media marketing tools and techniques which has
improved the overall operational activity of the organisation to carry out the retail activities. As
the use of social media platforms is increasing, the firm is required to be taken in consideration
that will support the proper management of promotional practices followed by the retail firm.
This will improve the firm to adopt proper tools and techniques which will help in suitable
2

management of business action plans and thus will lead to carry out activities in much
suitable way. In this way, these measures impact the policies of organisation.
LO2
P2 Evaluate ways by which external and internal drivers of change affect leadership, team and
individual behaviours within an organisation
The changes that are taken within a business organisation that will support the effective
and appropriate management of the leadership, team and individual behaviour that will support
the proper placing of strategic changes within the firm (Zhang and et.al., 2016). These will
suggest the proper placing of the business activities and action places that will help the firm to
have a good growth and thus, it will lead to the proper management of business operations and
activities in much suitable and effective way. Some major internal and external change driver
factors that are been taken in the consideration by the firm which help the organisation to
enhance the quality of business operations and activities that will support the proper placing of
business activities in much effective manner are as follows:
Internal Drivers of Change:
SWOT Analysis
Strength Weakness
 The major strength or advantage factor
that the firm has is its brand
recognition. This influence the
leadership, team and individual
behaviour at the work place (Entwistle
and Ramsden, 2015).
 Variety of products is the major factor
that is been taken ion the consideration
by the M&S which helps the
organisation to enhance the quality of
work processes and the changes that are
been adopted within the firm.
 The lack of trendiness is the major
issue which the leaders are required to
looked after in order to adopt a proper
measure and effective placing of the
operations which will lead the
organisation to improve the variations
or dynamic changes in industrial trends.
Then individual and the concerning
teams are required to carry out the
business operations and activities that
will support the effective growth.
Opportunity Threat
3

Leaders at M&S can opt for the proper
management of their brand name helping the
individual and teams to have a sense of
satisfaction about their association with the
firm. The leaders will see through the proper
development and allocation of the resources
and this will encourage the individuals and the
teams as a whole to come up with innovative
ideas and goods (Nisbet and Shucksmith,
2017). Considering the brand image and
popularity of the firm, the leaders will see
through the proper adoption of change
measures that will help the firm to enhance the
quality of business activities and operation.
This will help the firm to encourage every
individual team member to have a proper
bonding and develop an effective team.
Leaders, individuals and teams are required to
maintain the product variations in their apparel
range in order to sustain in market, else they
are quite susceptible of getting replaced easily
by competitors.
External Drivers of Changes:
PEST Analysis
Political factors: the firm will be affected by the extent of influence laid by political factors
within the organisation that will support the proper management of business activities and thus
will lead to the suitable rise in the business activities in much suitable manner. The leaders will
develop the suitable strategies accordingly and will look after the development of appropriate
behaviour as per the political condition of the firm. The positive impact of the political factors
is that it will create a positive environment for the business organisation to operate,
however, any political instability will have the adverse impact on the organisation to the
business enterprise.
Economic factors: This is the most important factor that is taken in context by a leader at M&S.
This will suggest the proper management of financial factors and conditions of an organisation
impacting its performance to a greater extent. The suitable development of the financial
4

management plan and activity operations are been followed by the firm that will support the
suitable growth and effective placing of the financial measures by the leaders within the business
activities. On the other hand, the individuals will lead the proper management of the business
activities that will support the effective growth of the organisation and behaviour related to it
(Carnall, 2018). The critical advantage of economic stability is that it will help in the proper
growth and following of the operation's of the organisation but the lack of proper funding
can cause the organisation to lose its business efficiency.
Social factors: This is a very important factor, which can't be neglected within the organisation.
Leaders at the M&S are required to maintain a proper and suitable handling of the business
activities and operations that will support the effective placing of the business activities and
placing of the business operations and thus will support an effective rise in positive behaviour
towards the firm. Individuals and their teams are required to mould their behaviour accordingly
to maintain the quality standards of the firm. A good social support will help the firm to have
a sustainable growth and meeting of the operational requirement but lack of it can lead to
failure of enterprise.
Technological factors: This is the important factor that is required to be taken in the
consideration by the firm. As the technical advancements are changing with every passing day,
the leaders at the firm are required to take appropriate measures that are taken in consideration
by the business enterprise (Hayes, 2018). This will help the firm to enhance the quality of
operations and goods that are produced within the organisation. The individuals and team
training measures will be taken in consideration by the firm to improve their behaviour and skills
in much effective and significant manner. Adoption of good technology will improve the
effectiveness of the firm however, any sort of technological glitch can lay a negative impact
on the operations of the organisation.
The various drivers of change that impacts the performance of an organisation are
technological advancement, competition and rivalry, improvement or change in customers
needs and economic changes within the organisation that will improve the overall changes
and development of a retail business entity.
5

P3 Measures that can be taken to minimise negative impacts of change on organisational
behaviour
Changes within an organisation are the effective factor that are been taken in
consideration by the firm that will support the proper placing of the change measures within the
organisation. This will help the firm to enhance the overall operations of an organisation.
However, the firm is required to be taken in consideration in the proper effectiveness of the
customers and thus may impact the suitable placing of the business operations and activities in
much suitable and effective way (Doppelt, 2017). The selected retail enterprise is required to
taken into consideration for the appropriate adoption and implementation of measures. The
employees or the teams within the firm which are resistant to change will be reluctant about the
adoption of the modifications or alterations that are been taken within the organisation to
improve the overall performance and activities that will lead to the proper management of the
business operations in much effective way. Some effective measures that are been taken in the
consideration for the reduction of the negative impact of changes on the organisational behaviour
of the employees are as follows:
 Owning the changes: the firm will see through the proper management of the changes
that are been taken in the effective placing of the change or alteration measures that are
been taken in the consideration by the firm to have good growth and development of the
selected retail business organisation that will support the proper placing of the firm in the
market (Kuipers And et.al., 2014). The proper adoption of these changes will support the
effective placing of the business activities and thus will support the growth and
development of the firm in much significant manner. As per the change management
strategies, this can be said that the Lewin change management models and
operations will help the organisation to improve the quality of overall operations
and thus will lead a firm to make the suitable changes within the organisation.
However, it will hamper the performance of the organisation if not placed properly.
 Get over the change measures: this will help the organisation to enhance the quality of
the operations and activities that will support the proper management of change measures
within the organisation. The changes may be uneasy to go through, but the suitable
management of these changes and developing a positive attitude towards the alteration
measures that are been taken in consideration by the firm. The inability of moving over
6

the changes will help the firm to enhance the quality of products and services which will
support the effective placing of the business operations and thus will lead the firm to have
a good growth. The Lewin model also help the firm to make the improvements over
the previous changes. It will assist the fir to make weffective chanheds as per the
requirements but can also deplit the performance if the strategies selected are
improper.
 Conducting the communication: In order to carry out the proper management of the
changes within the firm, effective communication measures are been taken in
consideration (Lozano, Ceulemans and Seatter, 2015). These communication measures
will help the firm to enhance the quality of measures that will support the effective
placing of the operations and thus will support the suitable handling of alterations that are
made within the organisation. A good communication or interaction will support the
proper development of the action measures that will support the development of a good
understanding towards the changes undertaken within the firm. The change model will
help in proper communication and thus will increase the understanding the proper
flow of change measures that are been carried out within the organisation and thus
will help in improving performance of the firm. But this can be critically said that
miscommunication may land up to conflicts.
 Provide the employees proper time and training: This will help the firm to carry out
the appropriate measures that will help the firm to carry out the business operations and
other activities that will support the proper planning of the change measures that will be
taken within the organisation. Other than this, the proper adoption of time and training
measures which will support the proper management of the training processes that are
been taken in the consideration by the selected retail firm in much effective way. On the
basis of proper training and time management measures can be said critically which
are been taken within selected firm will help the organisation to improve the quality
of work performance, which support a good management of business operations
and activities.
This can be managed by the organisation using the Lewin Change management
model including following factors:
7

Unfreeze: It is the analysis process that is been carried out in order to find out the scope of
change and create a platform for it.
Change: This includes the alteration or modifications that will help the firm to carry out
the business operations and activities within an organisation.
Refreeze: it is the stage of regaining the previous stages in order to continue the business
operations of the firm.
LO3
P4 What are different barriers for change and how it influences leadership decision-making
The change within the organisation is susceptible to various barriers that will impact a
great range of operations and activities that will support the proper management of the growth
and development within the organisation. This will help the firm to enhance the overall business
activities of M&S and thus will support the appropriate measure to carry out the suitable
enhancement of the business activities and thus will support the proper management of the
change or modifications which are made within the firm. This will also help in the proper
management that will help the firm to enhance the quality of the products and services that are
been taken within the organisation (Cummings, Bridgman and Brown, 2016). Other than this, the
effective placing of the changes will help in the proper decision making will support the proper
management of the business operation that will support the effective growth and development of
the business operations and thus will lead to the significant rise in the business operations and the
activities of the firm. Some major restraining forces of force field analysis that are taken in
consideration on the basis of force field analysis by the firm are as follows:
 Fear and uncertainty of the unknown: This is the major factor that is required to be
taken in the consideration by the firm (Verhulst and Lambrechts, 2015). Although, the
changes within a firm are been implemented after the effective market and environmental
assessment, their feasibility is been tested within the real time conditions at the
organisation, which may not be familiar to those during the time of assessment. These
uncertainties and lack of surety is the major factor that is required to be taken in
consideration by M&S. Also, many times the employees are against the changes due to
this factor (Force Field Analysis, 2018). This force is critically important as it
prevents the risky conditions within the organisation but it can also hinders the
growth rate of the organisation.
8

 Inefficient leadership: This is the major factor that is required to be taken within the
organisation in order to have a good growth and development of the business operations
and thus will lead to the placing of the change measures within the organisation. An
improper leadership will cause the firm to enhance the quality of operations that are been
taken by the firm (Samuel, Found and Williams, 2015). M&S has to see through the
proper and effective suitable management of the organisation that will help the
organisation to carry out and effective change measures that will impact the overall
operation of M&S. This is required to be maintained and to be placed that will
improve the leadership measures within the firm, however this force field can lead
to misguidance and failure of structure.
 Lack of adaptability: Many times in an organisation, that will help the fir to carry out
the effective change measures which affects the capacity of firm to meet the operational
activities in much significant manner. This is mostly seen on the employees end but
sometimes can be seen through the management of the organisation. This is one of the
major factor which requires the suitable placing of the change measures and operations in
order to get the effective outputs and meeting of business operations and acceptability in
much effective way. This force field factor will support a god management of the
business activities within the organisation in much effective way. However, it is
required tobe looked after by the management in order to carry out major changes.
All this measures affect the overall decision making and the leaders at the firm are
required to undertake these measures in a very suitable manner to deal with change in a very
positive manner.
LO4
P5 Different leadership approaches to dealing with change
A proper and effective leadership is required to maintain and implement the effective placing of
the leadership changes that are been taken in the consideration to carry out the change measures
in much suitable and significant manner (Rasche and Rehder, 2018). Some leadership
approaches that are been taken in the consideration by M&S are as follows:
 Democratic approach: the proper management of this leadership measures is taken in
the consideration by the firm in order to take the suitable measures to carry out the
effective placing of the different change measure that will support the organisation to
9

enhance the quality of retail measures. It will access the firm to get the suitable input over
the change measures of the M&S and thus, will lead the organisation to carry out them
with the agreement and acceptability of work force. This approach reduces the conflicts
related to implementation of changes (Matos Marques Simoes and Esposito, 2014).
 Strategic leadership: this measure of leadership is taken in the consideration by the firm
to enhance the quality of business operations and activities in much suitable manner. This
will help the management of M&S to develop the proper strategy that will help the fir to
carry out the suitable measures that will support the effective placing of the change
measures within the firm. The assessment and implementation activities that will be
carried out will support the proper management of the business activities and thus will
lead to the effective adoption of leadership within a firm.
CONCLUSION
Thus, on the basis of the assessment related to the understanding and implementing the
proper change measures within the firm, this can be said that the effective placing of the change
or alteration measures that are been taken in consideration will help the fir to carry out the
suitable measures and operations which will support the proper handling of the change measure.
Different organisational measures are been discussed with the assessment of the internal and
external drivers of the change in a firm affecting leadership and individual behaviour. Various
measures to minimise negative impact of changes on decision making is evaluated. Other than
this, different approaches of leadership to carry out the range of change in the organisation in a
very positive manner is been evaluated. All these measures will help in developing a significant
understanding about carrying out of changes within the firm.
10

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Entwistle, N. and Ramsden, P., 2015. Understanding student learning (Routledge revivals).
Routledge.
Zhang, C. and et.al., 2016. Understanding deep learning requires rethinking generalization. arXiv
preprint arXiv:1611.03530.
Illeris, K., 2018. A comprehensive understanding of human learning. In Contemporary Theories
of Learning (pp. 1-14). Routledge.
Taylor, E.W., 2017. Transformative learning theory. In Transformative Learning Meets
Bildung (pp. 17-29). SensePublishers, Rotterdam.
Siemens, G., 2014. Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age.
Shalev-Shwartz, S. and Ben-David, S., 2014. Understanding machine learning: From theory to
algorithms. Cambridge university press.
Shao, J. and et.al., 2015. Deeply learned attributes for crowded scene understanding.
In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp.
4657-4666).
Nisbet, J. and Shucksmith, J., 2017. Learning strategies. Routledge.
Carnall, C., 2018. Managing change. Routledge.
Hayes, J., 2018. The theory and practice of change management.
Doppelt, B., 2017. Leading change toward sustainability: A change-management guide for
business, government and civil society. Routledge.
Kuipers, B.S. And et.al., 2014. The management of change in public organizations: A literature
review. Public administration. 92(1). pp.1-20.
Lozano, R., Ceulemans, K. and Seatter, C.S., 2015. Teaching organisational change management
for sustainability: designing and delivering a course at the University of Leeds to better
prepare future sustainability change agents. Journal of Cleaner Production. 106. pp.205-
215.
Cummings, S., Bridgman, T. and Brown, K.G., 2016. Unfreezing change as three steps:
Rethinking Kurt Lewin’s legacy for change management. human relations. 69(1). pp.33-
60.
11

Verhulst, E. and Lambrechts, W., 2015. Fostering the incorporation of sustainable development
in higher education. Lessons learned from a change management perspective. Journal of
Cleaner Production. 106. pp.189-204.
Samuel, D., Found, P. and Williams, S.J., 2015. How did the publication of the book The
Machine That Changed The World change management thinking? Exploring 25 years of
lean literature. International Journal of Operations & Production Management. 35(10).
pp.1386-1407.
Rasche, C. and Rehder, S.A., 2018. Change management. Kohlhammer.
Matos Marques Simoes, P. and Esposito, M., 2014. Improving change management: How
communication nature influences resistance to change. Journal of Management
Development. 33(4). pp.324-341.
Online
Force Field Analysis, 2018. [Online]. Available through. <https://www.toolshero.com/decision-
making/force-field-analysis/>
12