Leadership and Management: Theories, Development Programs, and Importance

This document discusses the theories and literature on leadership and management, evaluates the leadership development program offered by NHS, and highlights the importance of leadership training and development for enterprises. It also provides an overview of the leadership programs offered by NHS and their impact on healthcare services.

Leadership and
management

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................1
Discuss leadership & management theories/ literature................................................................1
Evaluate the leadership development programme.......................................................................4
Examination the programme & its components in relevance......................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Leadership and management is an activity of managing and directing people and employees
of a firm to accomplish the set business objectives of the firm in appropriate manner. Leadership
is all about leading, guiding and directing workers of a company so that they can use their skills
and abilities in effective manner in term of attaining business goals. Management is a process of
administrating employees of the venture with the help of effective rules and policies of the
company (Obholzer, 2018). So that they perform their assigned and allotted work in systematic
manner. Leadership and management is an effective function of a company because it
contributes in increasing efficiency and attain business goals of the firm. As per Liz Ryan,
leadership and management is crucial segment of a successful firm and it is easy to define that
how leadership skills impacted the behaviour of the company and how management abilities of
the administrator assist in administrating employees of an enterprise, so that aims and objectives
can be accomplished in long run.
In a firm, a leader is an individual who guide people of a group and encourage them to attain
the pre-determined and fixed aims and objectives in granted time duration in improved manner.
This report is based on the concept of leadership and management so the information that will be
covered regarding discussion of leadership and management, importance of it. Further, will
explain about different theories and concepts of leadership and management and how they
similar and differ from each other (Temelkova, 2018). Moreover, the importance of leadership
training and development will explain in context of organisation and the leadership programme
will also define that are organised by NHS leadership academy and how they are beneficial for
individual and organisation.
MAIN BODY
Discuss leadership & management theories/ literature
Leadership refer to person who has the ability to influence other decision. Whereas
management is defined as process through which people are managed and handled. Both these
two concepts are different from each other and affect the individual as well as organisational at
broader and broader level.
Comparison between leadership & management
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BASIS LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT
DIFFERENCES
MEANING
It is a skill which is applied
on others and through their
decision isaffected.
It is an approach through
which organizing and
managing of people is done
effectively.
POWER
In this power is used to
influence other and is based
on trust (Leigh, 2017).
In management power is
applied on people to get the
work done and it is based on
how it is being controlled.
FOCUS It focuses on establishing
change within the society as
well as environment.
This focuses on maintaining
stability in organisation for
longer period of time.
SIMILARITIES
MOTIVE
Their main motive is to help
people and motivate them
towards the change which is
needed to be adopted.
Their main motive is to assist
individual to generate
efficient workforce within
the organisation.
It has been determine the leadership within an organization used to provide valuable
advantage that can help in evaluating the effective practices applied in the management. It will
also guide to assist the organization to use relevant theories as well as strategy on which the
leadership skills are based. However, the overall effectiveness of leadership quality within a
research is related to the different aspects of the human perception. Henceforth, it is primary
responsibility of an organization to make use of reliable theories that can assist in generating
specific information in terms of leadership.
Theories of leadership
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Behavioural theory- This states that learning of individual is based upon behaviour and it is
to be believed that behaviour are result of conditions. This is used and adopted by every
organisation and management so that leader’s behaviour is analysed and identified appropriately.
This is important for every leader that they perform well and generate positive as well as
efficient results. It also helps in identifying the leadership style of both managers as well as
leader. But it is to be examined that it is time consuming process, so focus is required to gain the
output. In entity, it is not necessary that every leader will go through this theory, every leader
has different techniques and style to manage people and they act as well as react accordingly.
Thus, this theory of leadership is effective at every phase. People are heterogeneous in nature
and behave accordingly. So, when implementing this theory, proper analysis is to be done so that
results are achieved effectively. Examining everyone behaviour is not easy and which leads to
conflicts & errors (Scott, 2018).
Many behavioural scientists have attempted to determine various behavioural patterns of
leadership styles. This theory is conducted by numerous scientifically to evaluate the moods and
actions of an individual’s involve in the leadership roles to adopt specific pattern that could
affect its team members. In a study, it has been determined that multiple leaders is sufficient
enough to examine the tangible metrics of the employee behaviour as well as it can serve as an
indictors to their management so that they can encourage organization improvement. There are
certain key benefits of using behaviour theory within any business operation such as: it will
assist in examine the leadership style of the manager. It has been seen that managers in the
workplace are involve in various activities that are controlled and managed by the owners of the
company. It is entirely relies on the performance of the manager they way workers are guided
towards the respective targets. Sometime, the managers tends to carry a coaching leadership as in
this they are liable to assist employees to set their individual targets in more proactive manner so
that future performance could also get enhanced. However, it will increase the self-confidence
and belief among the workers while performing on a given tasks.
There is certain key disadvantage of behavioural theory of leadership such as these are
generally known as a learned process that take certain amount of time to act, whether a person is
a leaders or an staffs, determining specific behaviour that fit the present scenario come with the
trial and error methods. Leaders do have their other consideration in order to manage their
employees that could be sometime difficult to determine during the period of time.
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Traits theory of leadership- According to this theory it depicts that leaders are born not
made and accordingly they possess leadership qualities. Various skills are available decides
whether the person will become leaders or not. This is theory is based upon the qualities and
characteristics of a leader. It helps investigator and researcher to analyse difference between
manmade and born made leaders. Also, it develops those skills and traits which are present in
individual to become a leader. Not everyone have same traits or characteristics, there are ample
numbers of traits present in a person. In this theory main characteristics such as height, weight
are considered to be most important but this is not true, these are required but cannot be
considered as priority in leadership. Also, present traits and potential characteristics are then
compared between leader to examine the success & failure of individual (Nason, 2018).
In respect with the various key departments of an organization this theory tends to make
the manager aware of its potential strengths and weaknesses as well as they get an understanding
which can develop its leadership qualities. However, it is normally based on the early assumption
that leaders are born with certain belief that are carried with certain qualities that are better suited
to leadership. There are specific benefits of using traits theory within an organization such as it is
basically valid as a particular research foundation that can provide valuable right to the overall
growth of an individual. It tends to be considered as a benchmark against which the leadership
traits of employees could be examined effectively. According to their ability to handle the
pressure in any contingency situation, a successful leader is clearly carries important interest,
capability that can assist in attaining overall growth and stability in the organization. Moreover,
it provides detailed information regarding the capability of the leaders through using an effective
leadership process.
Instead of having potential skills among the leaders, there are certain limitations that are
making difficult for them to act in tough situation. They are bound to a subjective judgement in
regard with the good or successful leader. In some situation, its negative interest towards other
colleagues tends to impact their internal capabilities in an effective manner.
Evaluate the leadership development programme
Importance of leadership training and development for enterprises
Leadership is one of the crucial factors that are beneficial for an origination and assist in
business operations and activities in effective manner in form of accomplishing organisation’s
aims and objectives in appropriate manner (Meyer and Xin, 2018). Leadership is considers as
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one of the most essential elements of the administration of a firm that direct the employees in
common direction and regarding mission and vision of organisation. Whereas management is a
skill that assist in devising work by analysing employees skills and knowledge so that they can
compete ineffective manner and meet the objective of the task. Leadership training, learning and
development help in making development and improvement in the skills and knowledge of the
employees so that they can do or perform their duties and responsibilities in effective manner. It
improves the involvement and assurance of workforce regarding their jobs (Rosenbach, 2018).
The competency of the company also deals with several kinds of issues that go up in addition to
a decrement in unnecessary costs. Leadership training and development assists the leaders and
administrators of a venture in gaining or obtaining competencies so that they can develop the all
over productiveness of their groups and units. Appropriate leadership training and development
make contribution in developing the culture inside the firm and also help in development of
company in form of improving profit and productivity. If the leaders of the company will be
properly provide training and development programmes then, they will be capable to respond the
changes that are quickly take place in to business environment.
If the leaders of a firm are well trained then, they can effectively lead, guide, encourage
and direct their team members in efficient way and also satisfying them by offering their help
whenever they require (Jia and et. al., 2018). Leadership training and development helps
individuals in a company to maintain balance among their leadership form and organisation’s
polices. In reference to attainment of aims and objectives in appropriate manner, the leaders of a
company should be offered adequate training and development opportunities effectively. So that
they can develop their forms and styles of leadership that are based on the requirements of a
specific situation. Consistent training and development offered to the leaders can assist in
developing the productive level of workforce. The individuals can respond towards their
subordinates in respect to maximise their competence level and encourage them. Leadership
training can also make contribution regarding an appropriate determination devising activity as
the leaders have a high emotional quotient. Therefore, leadership training and development is
essential and all the firms should include the similar in reference to be successful and earn a
competitive benefit regarding competitors in particular sector.
Leadership development programme
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The National Health Service is the publicly-funded healthcare system of the United
Kingdom. Since 1948 it has been funded out of general taxation. NHS major area of work is
healthcare safety and security. There are various programs that are conducted by management of
associated health care companies for the leadership development. These programs are set to
change the NHS culture with an overall approach towards leadership development. These
programs will cover and enhance ability of all individuals across the healthcare system. Primary
objective for development and organizing this leadership program is to cater overall development
of NHS human resources including doctors, nurses, allied health professionals, support staff and
administrative department workers. Major focus of these programs is to support development of
leadership quality by developing an atmosphere where people feel empowered resulting into high
quality health care services.
There are various leadership development programs which are offered by NHS that will enable
leadership development as well as the culture in respective companies (Calabrò and et. al.,
2018). The name of each leadership program has been named after inspiring world leaders some
of which are as follows.
The Edward Jenner Program –This program is named after Mr. Edward Jenner who
was an English physician and had major contribution in development of smallpox vaccine.
The Mary Seacole Program – This is another program named after Ms. Mary Seacole
who was Jamaican born lady. She provided her valuable service during Crimean war serving the
Army personnel and local people of Jamaica.
The Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Program –This program is named after Ms. Elizabeth
Garrett Anderson who was a famous English physician. She is the first English women who had
qualified as a physician and surgeon in the Britain.
The Nye Bevan Program –This program is named after Nye Bevan who was minister of
health in Clement Atlee’s post world war II government.
These are some leadership programs which are offered by the NHS. Brief details of The
Mary Seacole program is described hereunder.
The Mary Seacole Program - This leadership program was names after a Jamaican born
woman who had offered her services during Crimean war to military and sick individuals in
Central America and Jamaica. She offered her services and care to sick people and army
personnel which are injured during the period of Crimean war (MacBeath, 2019). This leadership
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program provides a post-graduate certificate in the healthcare leadership under NHS leadership
Academy Award. For those who want to take on their formal leadership role, this program
includes experimental and online learning, personal development transferred locally, leadership
diagnostics, team learning and stretch assignments. It improves leadership competencies such as
holding appraisal and providing feedback, employee involvement, communications, directing
people oriented services, patient servicing and determination devising. This program is open to
all those who are working in healthcare sector and providing their contribution to healthcare
services.
Form the above description it can be summarized that with the help of these king of leadership
programs a healthcare company and involved human resources can develop the future leaders
(Western, 2019). This will enable the future leaders to deliver effective healthcare services to the
world in most effective manner.
Examination the programme & its components in relevance
Mary Seacole Programme- Each and every organisation develop and adopt programmes
so that individual skill as well as knowledge is developed within the firm. It is leadership
programme introduced by NHS so that person or say learner is able to analyse comparison
between virtual world and practical life. In this, it helps learners to make them understand how to
implement and act in real life so that leadership is done in appropriate accordingly. Also it
motivates learners who want to become leaders and assist them in handling problems as well as
challenges so that their morale increases. It also leads to attracting and motivating other people
for the same. Organisation uses this programme so that it becomes easy to track and monitor
those individuals who have a potential to deal with real time situations. This makes them
stronger and which also leads to effective decision making. Mary Seacole Programme is six
month programme and is operated under consideration of Korn Ferry Hay Group. They work
with organisation as well as individuals to develop management and leadership knowledge
(Bean, 2017).
Further training is done at both on the job and off the job. This is because its main motive
is to provide overview to the learners about the market and practical world. While going through
with this programme management of firm make ensures that all the people are actually interested
in becoming leader or not. After adopting this programme, learners start realising that they have
gained some skills which can be used further in future.
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Types of training method:
On-the job training: In accordance with the mentioned program, it is important to deliver an
effective training facility to involved person in the program. It will be delivered manual in
respect to take an analysis about a particular object of training in the healthcare system.
Lectures: It happens to be another important training mode that is used at the time of managing
the programs. It provides maximum benefit to the person by evaluating the wide range of facts
regarding the future events. During the leadership campaign, no need of any specific interaction
with the trainer to trainee is need to share the viewpoints. This training is only to provide right
direction to the involve person in the NHS programs.
Digital learning: In the present situation, the world is moving towards the online learning
system. Thus, it happens to be the most effective training which is delivered to the employees by
using any video presentation or case study –based movie. Being a leader, it is important to
generate more reliable outcome from the program that can also transform the qualities of a good
leaders.
Outcome of the training program:
The overall training program will lead to provide specific information regarding the
growth and success of the program. Further, the employees are capable enough to take maximum
responsibility toward the organization objectives. This program would assist in increasing the
capability to take profitable decision which can further assist in build strong market image in the
nation. However, this program will also guide the staffs or other voluntary members to take
maximum positive outcome from their regular performance and apply it into their own
performance so that maximum chances of sustainability can be enhanced in the future.
Advantages of leadership programme
Individual- When this programme is adopted, main focus is on how leadership and
management skills are gained through this process. As an individual this benefits at wider level
such as person or say learner is able to deal with difficult situations and uncertain events,
understand the roles and responsibilities, and become more motivated towards their work.
Further, implementation of this programme leads to generation of new ideas as well as thoughts.
Through this, new opportunities are explored by individual and which also leads to effective
decision making (van der Meer, 2019). Another benefit of this programme is that this help
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learner becomes independent and they start taking their own decisions without consulting to
anyone.
Organisation- Mary Seacole Leadership Programme is also beneficial for the firm and
increases performance as well as progress level of entity. By using this programme, organisation
is able to identify and examine the efficient manpower and which can be used in management
appropriately to develop growth of business. Other than this, entity is also able to hire right
candidate for superior posts. This also results in making management active towards the co-
curricular activities. So, it is important for both individual as well as organisation to understand
this programme in proper manner. Evolving with this, help firm to track and monitor those
learners who are potential and motivated towards the leadership. This saves time & cost of
enterprise (Campbell, 2019).
After a brief analysis of above matter, it is stated that leadership programme are essential
for organisation to adopt so that effective decision are made within the management. Also,
implementation of such programmes motivates and helps people to explore inner qualities and
skills. This leads to positive nature and assist firm to acquire efficient resources as well as
manpower for their business activities. Programmes are beneficial for both individual &
organisation so they are needed to be adopted in effective manner. Leadership program would
encourage every individual to come straight forward for attending a motivational activity that
directly increases their involvement level. Moreover, it will also support the business to develop
or carry an effective leadership style at their workplace, because it will assist in improving the
decision-making process within the organization.
CONCLUSION
After a brief analysis of above report it is concluded that leadership and management are
needed in each & every organisation. Without them, it is not possible for entities to carry out
their functions as well as operation in proper manner. Theories and concepts are involved so that
understanding of both the topic is done appropriately. Further, leadership programmes has been
introduced so that it becomes easy for enterprise to select the most effective one. To become a
leader is not easy and needed high level of skills as well as knowledge. Thus, both the concepts
need to be adopted carefully so that goals & objectives are achieved within a period of time.
Throughout the entire evaluation of leadership programme, it has been determine that
leadership is widely beneficial for the motivating the individual towards the right path through
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making them realise regarding their inner qualities. Furthermore, management need to provide
maximum support for developing a professional level in the organization that can change the
complete scenario of the leadership skills. Hence, it is quite relevant strategy for the entire
program growth and development, because it will reduce the problems of staff members through
giving maximum value to each member involved in the programme. Therefore, it has been
articulated that both leadership and management are crucial aspects of any programme. In fact, it
would provide more specific option and responsibility to their associated team members to work
freely in the right direction by taking order to their superior only. This will increase the potential
benefits for the company as well as individual in the future.
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REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Abicho, 2017. Perceptions of Trainees toward Leadership, and Change Managment Training, at
TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine,
April. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 32(S1), pp.S98-S98.
Abicho, 2017. Perceptions of Trainees toward Leadership, and Change Managment Training, at
TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, April
2015. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 32(S1), pp.S98-S98.
Bean, 2017.Examining the importance of supporting youth’s basic needs in one youth leadership
programme: a case study exploring programme quality. International Journal of
Adolescence and Youth, 22(2), pp.195-209.
Burnes, B., Hughes, M. and By, R.T., 2018. Reimagining organisational change
leadership. Leadership. 14(2). pp.141-158.
Calabrò, A. and et. al., 2018. The courage to choose! Primogeniture and leadership succession
in family firms. Strategic Management Journal. 39(7). pp.2014-2035.
Campbell, 2019.Essentials of Leadership and Management Programme Coaching Skills
Workshop.
Jia, X. and et. al., 2018. How leadership matters in organizational innovation: a perspective of
openness. Management Decision.
Leigh, 2017. Evaluation of a primary care triumvirate leadership development
programme. Primary Health Care, 27(9), pp.20-26.
Lord, 2019. Implicit leadership and followership: theories and dynamic processing of leader
information. Annual review of organizational psychology and organizational behavior.
MacBeath, J., 2019. Leadership for learning. In Instructional Leadership and Leadership for
Learning in Schools (pp. 49-73). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Meyer, K.E. and Xin, K.R., 2018. Managing talent in emerging economy multinationals:
Integrating strategic management and human resource management. The International
Journal of Human Resource Management. 29(11). pp.1827-1855.
Nason, 2018. A behavioral theory of social performance: Social identity and stakeholder
expectations. Academy of Management Review, 43(2), pp.259-283.
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Obholzer, A., 2018. The leader, the unconscious, and the management of the organisation. In The
Systems Psychodynamics of Organizations (pp. 197-216). Routledge.
Powless, 2017. The leadership academy: Evaluation of the effectiveness of an adolescent
leadership development programme. Graduate Journal of Sport, Exercise & Physical
Education Research, 6, pp.1-15.
Rosenbach, W.E., 2018. Contemporary issues in leadership. Routledge.
Scott, 2018. The impact of implicit collective leadership theories on the emergence and
effectiveness of leadership networks in teams. Human Resource Management
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Shawhan, 2018. Evaluation of the NHS Leadership Academy Intersect Systems Leadership
programme–Findings Across Cohorts 1 and 3.
Temelkova, М., 2018. Studying the leadership style of business organizations’ management
under the conditions of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Asia Pacific Journal of
Resarch in Business Management. 9(2).
Thaba-Nkadimene, 2017. Lessons learnt in the implementation of school leadership and
managment programme by universities in Limpopo Province (Doctoral dissertation).
van der Meer, 2019. " I didn't just want a degree": Students' perceptions about benefits from
participation in student leadership programmes. Journal of Leadership
Education, 18(1).
Western, S., 2019. Leadership: A critical text. SAGE Publications Limited.
Online
Programmes. 2020. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://www.leadershipacademy.nhs.uk/programmes/>.
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