Listening and Speaking in ESL

This document discusses the importance of communication in ESL and provides strategies for effective listening and speaking. It also explores the differences in intercultural communication and its impact on language learning.

LISTENING AND SPEAKING IN ESL

Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................3
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................3
a) 650...........................................................................................................................................3
b) 600 .........................................................................................................................................3
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................3
a) 400...........................................................................................................................................3
Identify and analyse the differences in the way the interlocutors communicate with each other
in the two different cultural settings............................................................................................3
b) 600 ....................................................................................................................................4
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

Introduction-
Communication is essential and it is major key of learning and obtaining experiences.
People across the globe try to communicate and interact by using their own language. The people
generally learn other language in order to understand other countries people. For example., in
Indonesia people consider English as foreign language and try to learn English in order to
understand people and their culture, values and moral. To deliver their message and stay indulge
in the conversation until and unless their communication aim and goal achieved, ESL(English s
as a second language) determined some basic and easy strategies in order to assist their students
and ensure that they will not face any problems while making conversation with anyone.
According to several studies, it is concluded that foreign encounters many problems as their
interlanguage is limited (Klyukanov, (2020)). Communication is distinguished into two groups
which is direct ways and another is indirect ways. In this following report, there is brief study
about strategies of several ways of communications and the outcomes.
TASK 1
In general, the process of communication and the intercultural communication in
particular basis, and for decoding of messages and the idea reflects people's personality.
According to studies there are several identities has been observed and it is concluded that each
individual debits number of dimension of identities, it is generally depend on the nature and
behaviour of social interaction. The identity range as according to Huntington, they are few
identities as follows first is Ascriptive which depends on the age, the four-fathers, relation of
blood as well as ethnicity.
Cultural identity ranges to clan, the way of life or it can be termed as ethnicity , certain
languages, depends on their nationality, religion and the last it is civilization. Another identity
has been observed is Territorial which is highly ranges with neighbourhood, the country
settlement, the geographical ranges and areas, the atmosphere etc. Spiritual identities as these are
people who mostly depend on their culture and context (Arasaratnam (2015)). As they are either
more or less apparent in their nature and stay strong on their beliefs as they sometimes leads
some major conflicts. Gender identities are promoted or influenced by the medium they are

getting treated in a culture or it can be state that they are manipulated by the treatment and
adaptable to surroundings.
Many other identities are also observed by other researchers as well. The individual's identities
promotes the origination of several beliefs, morals, values, attitudes and certain behaviour. The
result of this type origination may help in determination of its effect on person's choices, actions
as well as values. To make a healthy and understanding within two people, it is compulsory to
be on same page and views, ideas and moral should be same and equal. According to term
western theories people response and behave different manner in a different situation. CTI has
launched on the basis of theory and data which suggest that communication is essential element
rather than product of identity (Martin, (2015)). The common facts define observed and identify
and they are as follows:identities have properties like communal, social, changing, enduring,
spiritual, cognitive, affective. They also have both content ascribed and subjective meanings.
According to study of CTI, four layers of identify are personal, enactment, relational and
communal. The theories concluded that the internationalization, social enactment as well as
externalization are promoted by communication. The CTI is also dealing with cultural
phenomena which can be refer as multiculturalism. As the dealing with four communal layer and
which highlights their reciprocal bonds. As the dealing with the complicated reality of the third
culture , as the TCKs deals struggling with communication their identify in a proper accomplish
both either themselves or others. Framework like holistic and practical are offered by CTI in
order to analyse TCKs experience (Hua,. (2015)). The facilitated which has been already
provided are intraperitoneal, interpersonal, and various group of communication. As these layers
of communication are interpenetrates one and another. As there are identity gap which has been
observed by numerous researcher and inconsistencies within layers debits communication gap.
These phenomena of third culture and global culture is a direct way which may result the raise in
globalization. As the communication gaps can lead the a community to set a barrier between
them and can termed them as hybrid category. In orde3r to accomplishment, the framework such
as the communication theory of identity can be applied in order to study and research this
phenomena. As the researched question will directly study and investigate the universal question
which is commonly to our mind is relationship between three (personal, communal,and relation)
out of the four layers. Yet it is concluded that third culture kids are complex in their nature views
etc. and it is important to research this third culture globalization.

Personal Identity
Personal identities mostly deals with the self analysation and self ideas. The one's
personal identities can be build with experience and the knowledge which is attain by one in
several years (Koester, & Lustig, (2015)). According to studies the self analysation values and
ideas are much more common it can be termed as temporary for a while. For example, one can
determined himself or herself by his values and creativeness as his profession so he decide to
become philosopher but due to some reason he choose another profession to persue, this property
can termed as a great example . Hence the personal identities majorly deals with the
philosophical question that rises about our self at some point of life by virtue of our being human
being. Philosophical questions perhaps can who am I ?, when did I begin it ? Etc. these questions
can take one to lea in self accumulation as well as realization by herself. The behaviour of person
also depend on the experience and environment. As these questions are well being discussed
since the origination of western philosophy. Accor5ding to studies, self accumulation is essential
foe one's development and it help in attaining knowledge as well as it provides learning to face
more challenges in future term.
Task 2
a)
Identify and analyse the differences in the way the interlocutors communicate with each other in
the two different cultural settings
Interlocutor is defined as someone who informally provides explanation of other’s views.
The students from different countries are studying across the world and they have to
communicate with each other to increase the performance. The learning English is not easy
especially when they are studying in different countries. The students are learning outside an
English speaking country (Liddicoat, (2016)). For example, the countries like Africa, Romania,
Liberia, Zambia face problems because they are not comfortable with English. The problems are
there when the people have to learn English as a foreigner and as a second option. There are
many problems faced by the interlocutors in communicating when the teachers are unqualified
and the learners of English cannot determine what is right or wrong. They cannot differentiate
because they do not know English so whatever the teacher is teaching they have to learn. In the

countries like Africa, the words are pronounced differently and the teachers will have the native
accent which is translated to English. The students are learning the words like the teachers.
The students will get the limited learning environment because they will use English
when they are under pressure in the classroom but when they are outside they will use which is
comfortable for them. They will not communicate outside the classroom in English and they will
have the limited learning when they are having native assent and they are pronouncing in studies.
They will learn English when they are concentrating but it is difficult for them because they will
have to do efforts and learn the pronunciation. The students will not take the studies seriously
and the communication will be good when they use English and they will help them in increasing
the performance. The teachers are not focusing on English and it is a method to communicate
and they are focusing on the learning of the students.
According to Bennett’s Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS), there are six
stages on this path to developing intercultural competence, each characterised by certain
perceptions and behaviour towards the “own” and the “other” culture. Listening skills are
essential in any kind of interpersonal interaction but when we are faced with language and
cultural challenges, the need to pay full attention to what is really being said becomes
paramount. We may need to work harder to understand different accents, speech patterns and use
of language and to dispel our usual interpretations of silence, interruptions or body language.
There are few words and phrases and don’t always realise that they can have slightly different
meanings or connotations. For example, British speakers of English tend to use fewer absolute
adjectives than their counterparts in the US and so an American listening to their British
colleague may mistakenly infer that their colleague is not enthusiastic about the project because
they haven’t sounded as positive as expected.
The students of one community in the class will discuss in the native assent because they
are comfortable in it and they will not be interested in other students of the class. They will not
use English because they will not communicate to increase the performance.
b)
Intercultural communication is defined as nonverbal and verbal interaction between
individuals from different backgrounds. This is defined as a process of communicating and
interacting with people from another culture. Intercultural communication is managed through
same basic variables as well as processes for communicating with different individuals. The

concept of communication occurs when individuals who are having varying degree of familiarity
with each other. Intercultural communication is known as the concept used for managing verbal
as well as non verbal interaction (Collier (2015)). The concept of intercultural communication
must be understood as it allows positive as well as productive interaction. There is need to
manage and guide new individuals coming from different background as it provides help to
manage the effectiveness of flow of communication.
Culture meets communication - When there are people from two different cultures and they
have to work together, it is essential to manage their empathy and value. This helps to develop
new ways to manage the proper flow of communication. It is concluded that the for enhancing
the cultural value and proposition, it is essential to manage the working abilities. For effective
analysis and evaluation, there is important way to enhance the working in proper manner.
Culture enhances value – There is requirement of managing and creating new ways to develop
the effectiveness and manage the working efficiently. For proper communication, it is important
to have good communication skills. English is the only language used by people from different
backgrounds.
For example, In case of span and English people it is related to the social attributes, cultures
belonging to different age groups and thought patterns that are affecting the different groups of
people (Piller, (2017)). It is also considering the evaluation of different languages, cultures and
customers of people who belong to different countries & geographical locations.
It can be stated through Intercultural communication model that there are many of the
definition of the intercultural communication where people like to see the culture not on the basis
of nation bu6t one the basis of group of people along with set of values, beliefs and many more
(Barker, (2016)). Some says that everything which is there in the communication is said to be the
interculturalism even when one is communicating with the person who is there in the next door.
Models and different approaches are there very helpful in understanding the communication
which is very general in nature. There are some of the functions there like providing some visual
presentation of process which can help in better understanding it, helping to get understand about
which is where and how the communication breakdown occurred there in the communication.
There are some of the limitation there in the intercultural communication which is like models
inherently turns the process in one or two dimensional image, there is the approaches which vary
in what one is included and which one is left out. This is the one in which there are two different

parties are there and are trying to understand about their language with is change due to change
in the culture where the intercultural communication is needed to understand such cultural
languages. Such like that intercultural communication model works which is there in the broad
term.
Intercultural communication is the communication which is done between other culture people.
This interaction between people can be verbal and non-verbal. In intercultural communication
the word 'inter' means between and the word 'cultural' means the background of a location.
Intercultural communication is assisting in non verbal and verbal communication that is taking
place between different types of cultural backgrounds. It is related with the way people are
communicating with others who belong to different cultural background. It plays a key role in
encoding the messages and transmitting them which leads to enhance the interaction between
people who are from different backgrounds. It is related to the ability to develop a detail
understanding and the process of valuing all the cultural differences that is very necessary
aspects of laying down communication channels. Language is a important component of cultural
interaction that is relate to the way intercultural understanding is existing across two different
types of cultures at a particular point of time (Chen, (2017) . It is also related to analysis of
cultural convergence that is closely link to the social system of communication over a time
period and towards a state of greater cultural uniformity.
Conclusion
It is concluded from the above research that intercultural communication is very
important and it helps to manage the flow of effective process. There are different ways to
manage the way in which students and people interact with other people. When there are two
people coming from different culture, there is need to manage their processes. It is helpful for
practitioners as well as scholars to clarify what are they meaning for managing the term. There is
a term naming intercultural communication which includes managing Inter communication is
known as interpretive, symbolic, contextual and interpretive and in this there are two different
kind of people of distinct background.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Arasaratnam, L. A. (2015). Research in intercultural communication: reviewing the past
decade. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication. 8(4). 290-310.
Barker, G. G. (2016). Cross-cultural perspectives on intercultural communication
competence. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research. 45(1). 13-30.
Chen, L. (Ed.). (2017). Intercultural communication (Vol. 9). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co
KG.
Collier, M. J. (2015). Intercultural communication competence: Continuing challenges and
critical directions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 48. 9-11.
Hua, Z. (Ed.). (2015). Research methods in intercultural communication: A practical guide. John
Wiley & Sons.
Klyukanov, I. (2020). Principles of intercultural communication. Routledge.
Koester, J., & Lustig, M. W. (2015). Intercultural communication competence: Theory,
measurement, and application. International journal of intercultural relations. 48. 20-
21.
Liddicoat, A. J. (2016). Intercultural mediation, intercultural communication and
translation. Perspectives. 24(3). 354-364.
Martin, J. N. (2015). Revisiting intercultural communication competence: Where to go from
here. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 48. 6-8.
Piller, I. (2017). Intercultural communication: A critical introduction. Edinburgh University
Press.