Literature Review: Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Medicine
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Literature Review (Secondary Research)Template Student Name & CSU ID Project Topic Title<Technology, Technique, Domain; e.g. Mixed Reality Visualization in Image Guided Surgery> NOTE: Please you need to use YOUR OWN WORDS in writing this template. Your Literature Review Should be in Scope and MUSTAddress all Your Project's Questions You shouldONLYuse CSU library, and Google search isNOTallowed. The papers you select should be inlast 3 years. If you are in 2018, then you need to collect 2018, 2017, and 2016. We encourage you to search forJournal papersrather than conference papers as it will give you more details. Check theJournal ranking(Q1, Q2, …etc) of the journal based on uploaded excel sheet in interact. Sample with an Explanation of Each Section Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' <Author's surnameand first name, year of publication, Paper topic, Journal name, volume no., issue no.., pages range>. e.g.Kersten, M., Gerard, I., Drouin, S., Mok, K., Sirhan, D., Sinclair, D., & Collins, D. (2015). Augmented reality in neurovascular surgery: feasibility and first uses in the operating room.International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, volumne 3, issue 2, p. 1823-1836. Citation that will be in the content<Author's surnameand publication year> e.g. (Kersten et al., 2015) URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference <place the URL of the paper><Use the 'Journal Ranking' excel file, and check the level of the journal, and place it here> <the keywords are available in the journal after abstract section> 1
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The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: <Suppose your project topic is related to visualizing techniques, then you need to find the name of the visualization technique that is proposed by (used by) the author in each paper you review. e.g. Energy Functional Technique for visualization> Tools: e.g. MRI Scan, Stereo camera Applied Area: <Suppose your domain is visualizing the anatomy of the body during the surgery, you need to mention which type of surgery; e.g. Liver Surgery> Problem: <What is theproblemin each paper you review thatthe authorwanted to solve. You can find it in the first paragraph in the abstract> Goal: <Why the author wanted to solve the problem. what is his goal. What is the value of solving him this problem. You can find it in the first paragraph in the abstract> <What are the components of the system/model. Place the components as a bullet points only without any explanation.> The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system <what are the process steps/stages of the proposed solution. Usegreencolour for the step that shows the author contribution, andgives the best feature. What is the step that give thelimitation(Usered colourfor this step) > The good features and limitations in each work, will based on YOUR ANALYSIS (Your Critical Thinking). You need toIdentify theproblemsof the techniques you are working that used with the selectedtechnologyin yourdomain. e.g. Identify the distinguished feature and the problem of each 2
visualisation techniquethat used with mixed reality (MR) technology inSurgery guidance in operation room (OR). Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 2 3 4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Validate (Measure) the solution in each journal paper as below: How tomeasurethe technique?. Effectiveness of each work should bequantified. What are theparameters (Dependent variables)you are going to use in assessing you the techniques?; e.g. accuracy, tissue classification, depth perception, speed … etc. e.g. the parameters to assess the visualisation technique in our samples are accuracy and processing time (speed). You need to be very specific when you give the evaluation parameters, e.g. you should be very specific which accuracy you measure, registration accuracy, tracking accuracy, visualisation accuracy … etc. When you identify the 'Dependent Variables' in each work, you need to identify the parameters (independent variables) that will measure each dependent variable. e.g. what are the parameters in each work to measure accuracy. Dependent VariableIndependent Variable 3
Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the researchcurrent solution,and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) Mainly: What is the type of data that should be used for each solution?. e.g. Mainly oDimensionality: 1D, 2D, 3D, 4D. Specific: What is the type of data that is related to above main that will be used in each solution? . e.g.Raw imaging data; acquisition sensor, (e.g. CT, MRI, fMRI),Visually processed data; semantic, (e.g. Strategic, operational),Derived data; underlying process, (e.g. tumour volume measurement),Analysed imaging data; data primitive, (e.g. points, line, contour) What will be the output after processing the input by the techniques?. Mainly: How it should be the best be displayed and interacted with?, e.g. Mixed reality; (augmented reality, virtual reality) Specific:How it should be the best be displayed and interacted with?, e.g. Perception Location; Location, (e.g. Patient, surgical tool, real environment, display device),Display; Device, (e.g. 2D technology, laser, microscope, colour glasses),Interaction tool; Hardware tools, (e.g. Keyboard, surgical tool) <Analyze the solution and find What is the good features in this work based on your goal, , and WHY got this good feature. Based on Critical thinking, each paper you are working on it, compare it with other you reviewed and provide YOUR OPINION if it is better on not than others you reviewed. You also MUST to JUSTIFY why it is better or why not ... always link with your goal when you analyze> <Analyze the solution and find what is/are the limitation/s of it, and WHY got this limitation > e.g.the noise level is still unacceptably high as the patient berating during the surgery hasn't considered by the authored to be filtered. (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project <Describe the research by showing what the author has done to<Validate the major entities of each system.<Link the 'Describe research & 4
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bring good feature in this work . What is the author contribution ; how his solution is different from the current solution in this paper > e.g.Gu et al. (2014) investigated the impact of noise on the clarity of pictures in facial recognition procedures. They offer a solution to the problem by combining two algorithms that are energy functionality with deep learning, leading to 78% clarity improvement.Place the reference citation Prove the usefulness and the value of the system in your project domain for the end user. > e.g. the end user in our sample is the surgeon, to evaluate one of the system based on the usefulness for the surgeon: The system help the surgeon to understand the spatial relationship between anatomical structure better limitation sections' in writing you the how this solution is valuable for the project>. e.g.Whilsttheaccuracy improvement over the current solution of 72%,the noise level is still unacceptably high.As aresult,thecombinationofalgorithms doesnotbringforthpossibilitiesfor refinement Diagram/Flowchart <Place all diagrams, flowchart that are related to proposed work> Version 1.0 _Week 1 (5 Journal Papers from CSU Library) 5
1 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Bini, S. A. (2018). Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Cognitive Computing: What Do These Terms Mean and How Will They Impact Health Care?.The Journal of arthroplasty. Citation that will be in the contentBini, 2018 URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference https://www-sciencedirect- com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/science/article/ pii/S0883540318302158 Q1Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Deep Learning Cognitive Computing Digital orthopaedics Digital health The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: Deep learning, Machine learning Tools: Biomimicry, Artificial Neural Networks Applied Area: Optimizing surgical schedules and processes, Medical decisions. Problem: To identify the method of how the AI will help in supporting the physicians to deal with the increasing complexity of the patients’ cases that they deal with. Goal: To tell the readers about the concepts of AI and the significance its various applications possess in the health care world today. AI washing Pattern recognition Multiple-layers creation Self-recoding of the system. The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system 6
Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1Giving the inputs: The AI takes into the inputs given by the datasets created by previous processes. This serves as a briefing for the AI about a number of methods or actions that are taken up in order to deal with that process. Insufficient or incorrect data may lead to the AI resulting in bad initial results until it learns from its own results later. 2Analysing: The results obtained from the corresponding inputs are analysed by the AI. This gives an insight of the best probable solutions over the different possible actions that could be undertaken. Incorrect data might mislead the AI into making up wrong analysis and thereafter suggesting in the wrong results. 3Determination: The best method is identified from studying the results obtained from the various inputs. From its analysis of the millions of actions, AI could suggest the actions that provide the best results for the particular case. In cases involving factors other than the input data, the AI would not be able to consider them for making a proper determination for the situation. Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable Big dataBigger the size of the dataset, the more is the software has to learn to become more accurate. Artificial Neural NetworksNumber of layers of the neural networks to be used for the processing of the data. Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View)AI uses biomimicry in order to identify the best health practices and processes because it is able to The AI is a software which has to fed in by the datasets in order to enable it to process the data 7
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The datasets of the ‘big data’ need to be inputted to the software so as to analyse and determine the actions yielding the best results. Through the analysis of the large datasets, the AI is able to identify the actions that would result into the best outcomes. consider all the different factors that are to be considered while diagnosing a patient, many of which are often forgotten by human. and analyse the effectiveness of the actions that are taken to encounter a problem. If the data is not sufficient enough or is incorrect or if it lacks some of the factors associated with the problem, it may not enable the AI to determine the best solutions. (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project The research is aimed at using AI to optimize the processes of health industry. It mentions the use of techniques like deep learning and machine learning by the help of big data and ANNs in order to come to the best possible solutions for medical cases that are increasing in criticality day-by-day. The AI helps the surgeon or the medical personnel to attain better results by providing to them many of the results of some course of actions. It helps to choose the best probable solution to be taken up. The research describes how AI has been helpful in a lot of practical industrial applications. It gives an outlook over how we can achieve great heights in healthcare by working in synchronization of man and machine. Diagram/Flowchart 8
Fig: Complementary support given to humans by AI in making the decisions 2 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Krittanawong, C., Zhang, H., Wang, Z., Aydar, M., & Kitai, T. (2017). Artificial intelligence in precision cardiovascular medicine.Journal of the American College of Cardiology,69(21), 2657-2664. Citation that will be in the contentKrittanawong et. al., 2017 9
URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference https://www-sciencedirect- com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/science/article/ pii/S0735109717368456 Q1Big Data Cognitive computing Deep learning Machine learning The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: Hypothesis generation, Deep learning Tools: Big data, Artificial Neural Networks Applied Area: Automated clinical decision systems Problem: Cardiovascular clinical care currently has troubles in tackling the factors like inefficient care, cost-effectiveness, inadequate patient care, mortality rates, etc. Goal: Through the use of AI, the goal is to provide the means of better care of patients and optimum utilization of the medical resources. It aims at using them for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and predictions. Supervised Learning Unsupervised Learning Reinforced Learning Deep Learning Cognitive Computing The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1Big Data:It may help to identify the factors for aIt is tedious process where the dataset has to 10
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Processing of big data to make predictions.problem and the various results obtained from the different kinds of diagnosis done over it in the past. be formed at first in order to let the software process and perform its tasks. 2Supervised learning: Training a machine to perform according to the datasets that are fed into the software. It helps in prediction, diagnosis and the treatment of diseases. Small training datasets or biased datasets may result in the inaccurate decisions. 3Unsupervised learning: Determination of the hidden patterns in data by the help of algorithms like clustering algorithm and association rule-learning algorithm. The unknown results and patterns are identified by the use of unsupervised learning. Determination of the initial cluster pattern is very important. If done wrongly, it could lead to biased final results. 4Deep learning: Use of deep learning algorithms in order to facilitate the CV imaging in order to generate the automated predictions from the data that has been inputted to the software. It mimics how the human brain works by creating a number of layers of neural networks, thus unfolding many hidden patterns. Nonlinear analysis or overfitting (too many parameters compared to the dataset) may lead to inaccurate predictions. 5Cognitive computing: Use of self-learning systems to mimic the human thinking by the use of machine learning, pattern recognition, and natural learning process. It could be used to solve the problems or cure the diseases without any human interference at all. There is a fear of initiation of the AI era. Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable Learning curvesArea under the curve c-statisticsSample size Pattern recognitionsOver-fitting and under-fitting of the data 11
Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) Big data and algorithms. Hidden patterns and solutions yielded from the algorithms. This article describes the role of various AI technologies that are helpful in treating the patients more effectively. These will help in predicting the diseases and also in curing them with the best possible cure. The research does not describe how the cognitive computing would be different from the other techniques. (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project Big data and algorithms when used in the AI software along with its machine learning and cognitive computing helps the physicians in predicting, diagnosing and curing their patients by the solutions they receive from the AI. The results like decrease in the costs and increase in the patients’ care provide ample criteria to analyse the effectiveness of the AI solutions for the healthcare industry. This research shares so many examples of CV patients getting help by the AI which is a mark-up for the project. Diagram/Flowchart 12
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3 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Narula, S., Shameer, K., Omar, A. M. S., Dudley, J. T., & Sengupta, P. P. (2016). Machine-Learning Algorithms to Automate Morphological and Functional Assessments in 2D Echocardiography.Journal of American College of Cardiology.Vol. 68, no. 21, 2016, ISSN: 0735-1097 Citation that will be in the contentNarula et. al., 2016 URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference https://www-sciencedirect- com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/science/article/ pii/S0735109716362507 Q1Cardiomyopathy Decision support systems Left ventricular hypertrophy Speckle-tracking echocardiography The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: Machine-learning Tools: Bio-markers Applied Area: Echocardiography Problem: Diagnostic value of machine-learning framework. Goal: Assistance of machine-learning algorithms in echocardiography Genetic pre-disposition Imaging modalities Precision phenotyping models The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system 14
Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1Screening: Screening of the ATH cases. Identification of disease.N/A 2Clinical Diagnosis: Diagnosis of the patients. Identified the CV disease effects on the patients. N/A 3Exclusion: Patients with poor echo-cardio graphic images were excluded. It helped in excluding the unclear results.Reduced the dataset. 4Model building: The results thus obtained helped in building a model for the analysis of the cardiovascular diseases. Helpful in diagnosis and treatment of the cardiovascular diseases. N/A Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable Mechanical variablesGeometric variables Genetic testFamily history Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) Test patients’ health record. Model useful for treatment of CV It builds a model useful for tracking the CV diseases and reducing the impacts on patients while treating them. The research does not provide detailed insights of the AI tools that would be used in the model. 15
diseases. (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project The research is for analysis of building a model for treatment of CV diseases. It demonstrates that the AI has been helpful in treating the diseases and is a reliable tool. The statistics of the CV data is a criterion to judge the effectiveness of this solution. The research puts forth the capability of the health systems to work upon the data imaging and make use of it to process and analyze the health conditions. Diagram/Flowchart 16
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Fig: Study Protocol 4 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Johnson, K. W., Soto, J. T., Glicksberg, B. S., Shameer, K., Miotto, R., Ali, M., Ashley, E. & Dudley, J. T. (2018). Artificial Intelligence in Cardiology.Journal of the American College of Cardiology,71(23), 2668-2679. Citation that will be in the contentJohnson et. al., 2018 17
URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference https://www-sciencedirect- com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/science/article/ pii/S0735109718344085 Q1Artificial Intelligence Cardiology Machine Learning Precision Medicine The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: Whole-genome-sequencing, Streaming mobile device biometrics Tools: Machine Learning, Algorithms Applied Area: Cardiovascular medicine Problem: How the future of cardiovascular medicine be with the Artificial Intelligence? Goal: To study the impact of AI in the cardiovascular medicine. Mobile sensors Logistic regression Univariate significance screening The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1Strategy: A particular algorithm is chosen. We know what the problem is.N/A 2Analysis:Determination of the results.N/A 18
Regularised regression is performed. Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable Regularized regressionsRelationship interpretations Support vector machinesAccuracy of the predictions Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) Decision plans and algorithm. Model It identifies a model to help in the cardiovascular medicines. The model is not described properly in the article. (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project The model helps in putting forth the results of inclusion of AI in the cardiovascular medicines. The levels of CV diseases.It helps in identifying the impact of AI on CV diseases. Diagram/Flowchart 19
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5 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Liew, C. (2018). The future of radiology augmented with Artificial Intelligence: A strategy for success.European journal of radiology,102, 152-156. Citation that will be in the contentLiew, 2018 URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference https://www-sciencedirect- com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/science/article/pii/ S0720048X18301116 Q1Artificial Intelligence Deep Learning Informatics Business Strategy Health policy The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: Machine learning Tools: Problem: Transitioning of the physicians into their new roles of augmented clinicians. Natural language processing Machine learning 21
Image processing, Computer vision, Natural language processing Applied Area: Augmented radiology Goal: Ensuring the safe implementation of AI systems by the radiologists Machine Vision The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1Initialisation: The factors to be analysed are collected. Gives the start to the project.N/A 2Data collection: Key data is collected for processing of AI in radiology. Data is available for analysis.N/A 3Data analysis: Data is processed and analysed to yield useful output. AI generates results that could be used by the radiologists. N/A Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable ImagingImage classification Augmented image segmentationLesion detection, measurement, and labelling Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) 22
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Input (Data)Output (View) Patients’ health records Analysed health results Radiologists need to learn the use of AI to better cope up with the augmented technology era. The research doesn’t include the negative implications of AI in radiology. (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project The research is useful for the augmented clinicians to learn what they are up for. The results obtained by the models are to be evaluated for their impacts on the patients. It analyses the changing medical scenarios and details the impact of AI over it. Diagram/Flowchart Version 2.0 _Week 2 (10 Papers = 5 NEW Journal Papers + Updated pervious 5 papers that you worked on them in Version 1.0) 6 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference The Name of the Current SolutionThe Goal (Objective) of this Solution &What are the components of it? 23
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) What is the Problem that need to be solved Technique/Algorithm name: Tools: Applied Area: Problem: Goal: The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 2 3 4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable 24
Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project Diagram/Flowchart 7 25
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Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: Tools: Applied Area: Problem: Goal: The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 2 3 26
4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project Diagram/Flowchart 27
8 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: Tools: Applied Area: Problem: Goal: The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system 28
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Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 2 3 4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) 29
(Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project Diagram/Flowchart 9 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name:Problem: 30
Tools: Applied Area: Goal: The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 2 3 4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable 31
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Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project Diagram/Flowchart 10 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference 32
The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: Tools: Applied Area: Problem: Goal: The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 2 3 4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable 33
Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project Diagram/Flowchart 34
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Version 3.0 _Week 3 (15 Papers = 5 NEW Journal Papers + Updated pervious 10 papers that you worked on them in Version 1.0&2.0) 11 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: Tools: Applied Area: Problem: Goal: The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 35
1 2 3 4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project 36
Diagram/Flowchart 12 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: Tools: Problem: Goal: 37
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Applied Area: The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 2 3 4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable 38
Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project Diagram/Flowchart 13 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference The Name of the Current SolutionThe Goal (Objective) of this Solution &What are the components of it? 39
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) What is the Problem that need to be solved Technique/Algorithm name: Tools: Applied Area: Problem: Goal: The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 2 3 4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable 40
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Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project Diagram/Flowchart 14 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' 41
Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: Tools: Applied Area: Problem: Goal: The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 2 3 4 42
5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project Diagram/Flowchart 43
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15 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: Tools: Applied Area: Problem: Goal: The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system 44
Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 2 3 4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable 45
for your project Diagram/Flowchart Version 4.0 _Week 4 (20 Papers = 5 NEW Journal Papers + Updated pervious 15 papers that you worked on them) 16 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name:Problem: 46
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Tools: Applied Area: Goal: The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 2 3 4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable 47
Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project Diagram/Flowchart 17 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference 48
The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: Tools: Applied Area: Problem: Goal: The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 2 3 4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) 49
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Dependent VariableIndependent Variable Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project Diagram/Flowchart 50
18 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: Tools: Applied Area: Problem: Goal: The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 51
2 3 4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project 52
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Diagram/Flowchart 19 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: Tools: Applied Area: Problem: Goal: 53
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 2 3 4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) 54
Input (Data)Output (View) (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project Diagram/Flowchart 20 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? 55
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etc ) Technique/Algorithm name: Tools: Applied Area: Problem: Goal: The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 2 3 4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable 56
Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project Diagram/Flowchart Version 5.0 _Week 5 (25 Papers = 5 NEW Journal Papers + Updated pervious 20 papers that you worked on) 21 57
Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: Tools: Applied Area: Problem: Goal: The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 2 3 58
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4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project Diagram/Flowchart 59
22 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: Tools: Applied Area: Problem: Goal: 60
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 2 3 4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) 61
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(Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project Diagram/Flowchart 23 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? 62
Technique/Algorithm name: Tools: Applied Area: Problem: Goal: The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 2 3 4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable 63
Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project Diagram/Flowchart 24 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference 64
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The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: Tools: Applied Area: Problem: Goal: The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 2 3 4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) 65
Dependent VariableIndependent Variable Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project Diagram/Flowchart 66
25 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: Tools: Applied Area: Problem: Goal: The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 67
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2 3 4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project 68
Diagram/Flowchart Version 6.0 _Week 6 (30 Papers = 5 NEW Journal Papers + Updated pervious 25 papers that you worked on them) 26 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: Tools: Problem: Goal: 69
Applied Area: The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 2 3 4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable 70
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Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project Diagram/Flowchart 27 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference 71
The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: Tools: Applied Area: Problem: Goal: The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 2 3 4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable 72
Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project Diagram/Flowchart 28 73
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Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: Tools: Applied Area: Problem: Goal: The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 2 3 74
4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) (Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project Diagram/Flowchart 75
29 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name: Tools: Applied Area: Problem: Goal: The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system 76
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Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 2 3 4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable Input and OutputCritical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Why (Justify) Critical Thinking:Limitations of the research current solution, and Why (Justify) Input (Data)Output (View) 77
(Describe the research/current solution)Evaluation CriteriaHow this research/current solution is valuable for your project Diagram/Flowchart 30 Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List' Citation that will be in the content URL of theReferenceLevel of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn)Keywords in thisReference The Name of the Current Solution (Technique/ Method/ Scheme/ Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ... etc ) The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What is the Problem that need to be solved What are the components of it? Technique/Algorithm name:Problem: 78
Tools: Applied Area: Goal: The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system Process StepsAdvantage (Purpose of this step)Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge) 1 2 3 4 5 Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria) Dependent VariableIndependent Variable 79
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