Artificial Intelligence for Blind: Literature Review

This literature review focuses on the fundamental principle of artificial intelligence in blind people and analyzes the results and findings of previous studies along with their drawbacks.

LITERATURE REVIEW 1
Develop a artificial intelligence
guide glass for blind

LITERATURE REVIEW 2
Literature review
In the last few years, there are numerous researchers provided their views on this
topic and they also reviewed the significance of AI technology in the case of blind people.
This literature review focuses on the fundamental principle of artificial intelligence in blind
people and analyzes the results and findings of previous studies along with their
drawbacks.
According to Dunai, et al., (2017) the artificial intelligence is one of the effective
technologies which are now used for making AI based glasses of the blind. This paper
identified that AI technology plays a major role in this modern era and help blind people to
read and recognize the text and faces of other consumers. It is identified that developing a
tool for blind people is not an easy task but artificial intelligence helped consumers and
provided a platform for the visually impaired people.
Such kind of information technology supports blind people while walking alone in
new environments. Bai, et al., (2018) identified that the major key aspect of artificial
intelligence method is that it provides a platform to blind people for managing their daily
life activities in an effective manner. The author agreed that blind people can be trained
with the help of artificial intelligence guidance and sensor-based systems. However, the
artificial intelligence based glasses are completely based on sensors and visualization. This
research paper provided only theoretical information about smart glasses which created a
research gap between the information and research topic. This literature review addresses
such kind of research gaps and provides an in-depth analysis of artificial intelligence and
smart glasses.
A recent study conducted by the Nada, Mashaly, Fakhr, & Seddik, (2015) identified
that artificial intelligence is a kind of technology that can be used for developing smart
glasses for blinds. In the last few years artificial intelligence changed the way of
communication and blind people can easily detect the face of other consumers by using
sensors and AI-based systems. As compared with the previous studies the Li, et al., (2016)
critically reviewed the importance of AI technology and developed a block diagram for

LITERATURE REVIEW 3
better understanding about smart glasses. This paper reduced the gaps and drawbacks of
previous journal papers and identified that AI technology requires more efforts and
approaches while configuring the glasses for blinds.
However, the authors also conducted a survey and evaluated that most of the blind
individuals suggested that AI-based guidance and smart glasses helped them for reading
the text and other points. Mainly, the AI based glasses uses a camera and connectivity
process in order to assist consumers with a visual impairment. With the help of artificial
intelligence guide, blind users can detect objects, reading documents and connect things
with the system that monitor the physical activities of blinds. This paper and a previous
study conducted by Morrison, et al., (2017) provided a similar conclusion about artificial
intelligence guidance on smart glasses. The author disagreed that artificial intelligence
require more efforts and configuration but it is true that such kind of technology can help
consumers who are suffering from the blindness. From this paper, it has found that there
are around 350,000 blind consumers in Australia and AI technology reduced their efforts
and provided a new way of completing their daily life activities.
Ahmad, Ang, Ng, & Wahab, (2015) suggested that the AI based application can be
developed and implemented for the vision impaired consumers. By using such kind of
guidance consumers can point their mobile at the pantry in order to determine the
vegemite and can help children for solving completing their homework. The author also
argued that AI-based glasses means consumers can hold their smartphone up to a
consumer and it can provide information about a person like their age, body language, their
hair and so on. By wearing such kind of smart glasses consumers who are facing the issue
of vision impaired can look happy and enjoy their daily life.
The major problem of this paper is that the researcher provided very less
information about AI technology which can produce a research gap in the research.
However, it is analyzed that the artificial intelligence guidance for blind people can read
documents and make sense of structural factors for example headings and list by which
consumers can effectively navigate the documents with the help of voiceover technique
(Simões, & De Lucena, 2016). Therefore, the researchers concluded that AI-based smart

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glasses can effectively improve the performance of blind people and help them in managing
their works. According to Karungaru, Terada, & Fukumi, (2011) consumers who are facing
the issue of blind face numerous challenges in their life as the advanced assistive systems
are often not meeting their requirements. In order to address such kind of problems,
artificial intelligence can be used that has the capability for meeting the requirements of
consumers in terms of price and level of assistance. This paper has designed and
implemented smart glasses based on AI technology and critically reviewed the limitations
of AI technology.
As compared to the other research articles Karungaru, Terada, & Fukumi, (2011)
identified the key aspects about AI technology and provided their limitations by readers
can gain their skills and experience in the field of information technology. It is observed
that cost is one of the major issues occurred with artificial intelligence based glasses due to
which some blind people can wear this device. Moreover, it requires a high level of sensors
and devices in order to capture and recognize the face of other users and texts from
documents. All these limitations and key aspects of AI technology explained and analyzed
in this paper (Mitsantisuk, & Ohishi, 2014). The major thing to be known is the impact of
artificial intelligence along with their drawbacks and devices used in the implementation of
smart glasses. With the help of these things, consumers can understand the importance of
artificial intelligence along with their working principle.

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References
Ahmad, S. A., Ang, M. C., Ng, K. W., & Wahab, A. N. A. (2015). Reducing home energy usage
based on TRIZ concept. Advances in Environmental Biology, 6-12.
Bai, J., Lian, S., Liu, Z., Wang, K., & Liu, D. (2018). Virtual-blind-road following-based
wearable navigation device for blind people. IEEE Transactions on Consumer
Electronics, 64(1), 136-143.
Dunai, L., Chillarón Pérez, M., Peris-Fajarnés, G., & Lengua Lengua, I. (2017). Euro banknote
recognition system for blind people. Sensors, 17(1), 184.
Karungaru, S., Terada, K., & Fukumi, M. (2011). Improving mobility for blind persons using
video sunglasses. In 2011 17th Korea-Japan Joint Workshop on Frontiers of Computer
Vision (FCV), 10(8), 1-5.
Li, B., Munoz, J. P., Rong, X., Xiao, J., Tian, Y., & Arditi, A. (2016). ISANA: wearable context-
aware indoor assistive navigation with obstacle avoidance for the blind. In European
Conference on Computer Vision, 10(7), 448-462.
Mitsantisuk, C., & Ohishi, K. (2014). An improvement of multilateral control performance of
a teleoperated robot using a Kalman-filter-based state observer. In 2014
International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON), 8(7), 1-4.
Morrison, C., Cutrell, E., Dhareshwar, A., Doherty, K., Thieme, A., & Taylor, A. (2017).
Imagining Artificial Intelligence Applications with People with Visual Disabilities
using Tactile Ideation. In Proceedings of the 19th International ACM SIGACCESS
Conference on Computers and Accessibility, 12(6), 81-90.
Nada, A., Mashaly, S., Fakhr, M. A., & Seddik, A. F. (2015). Human and Car Detection System
for Blind People. In Conference: The 4th International Conference on Biomedical
Engineering and Biotechnology–ICBEB, 12(2), 15-18.

LITERATURE REVIEW 6
Simões, W. C., & De Lucena, V. F. (2016). Blind user wearable audio assistance for indoor
navigation based on visual markers and ultrasonic obstacle detection. In 2016 IEEE
International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), 14(6), 60-63.